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21 results for “Yellowstone National Park”
Video S1. Two Ocean Pass South of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
<p><strong>Video S1.</strong> <strong>Two Ocean Pass South of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.</strong> Two Ocean Pass connects the headwaters of the Atlantic and Pacific drainages in the Bridger-Teton Wilderness of Wyoming south of Yellowstone National Park. Here, a broad alpine meadow straddles the Continental Divide at 2,478 m elevation, and headwaters of the Columbia and Missouri drainages originate from a single perennial stream; North Two Ocean Creek flows along the Continental Divide and branches into Pacific Creek, a Snake River tributary flowing to the west, and Atlantic Creek, a Yellowstone River tributary flowing to the east. The pass is a nearly level meadow near the center of which is a marsh that becomes a small lake in times of wet weather or snowmelt runoff. No barrier prevents the movement and mixing of fish between Pacific Creek and Atlantic Creek. Following glacial recession from the region about 14,000 years ago, ancestral Yellowstone cutthroat trout colonized the Yellowstone River drainage from sources in the lower Snake River drainage over Two Ocean Pass. They dispersed downstream and were the only trout inhabiting Yellowstone Lake for thousands of years prior to the establishment of Yellowstone National Park. The watershed of the Yellowstone River upstream of Yellowstone Lake, including Two Ocean Pass, is among the most remote in the contiguous United States and lies largely within protected federal wilderness. In July 2019, Yellowstone National Park and Wyoming Game and Fish Department biologists, with assistance from Wyoming Trout Unlimited and the Wyoming Storer Foundation, sampled environmental DNA in the connected waters near Two Ocean Pass. The sampling was conducted to determine if invasive lake trout or other nonnative fish were present, and could thereby colonize the Yellowstone River basin in the past or future and threaten native cutthroat trout of Yellowstone Lake.</p>
Body size modulates the extent of seasonal diet switching by large mammalian herbivores in Yellowstone National Park
<div> <p><span>Large mammalian herbivores vary their diets markedly with changes in resource availability yet the ways that seasonal changes in individual foraging behaviors scale up to reconfigure complex trophic networks are poorly understood. Two years of dietary DNA data enabled us to quantify fine-grained dietary variation within and among populations of five large herbivore species at Yellowstone National Park, revealing remarkably strong and significant correlations between body size and five key indicators of diet seasonality (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.71–0.80). Data from GPS collars implicated seasonal changes in each species' movement- and habitat-use patterns as potential determinants of foraging constraints and specializations that give rise to the strong allometry in diet composition. Bison and elk showed relatively muted seasonal changes compared to smaller species that exhibited stronger switches. Whereas the taxonomic breadth of individual diets contracted for all species in winter, larger species generally consumed a greater functional diversity of plants and thus maintained more unique dietary niches under resource limitations.</span></p> </div>
Tree-Ring Measurement File: Lodgepole Pine Samples Collected at Steamboat Geyser, Yellowstone National Park
<p>Decade format (Tucson format) tree-ring measurement file (0.001 mm) for lodgepole pine core samples collected adjacent to Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.</p>
Twenty years of Salix height in response to experimental manipulation of browsing and water table, northern range of Yellowstone National Park
<p>This respository contains multiple datasets collected during a 20 year investigation of the responses of willow (<em>Salix </em>spp.) communities in Yellowstone National Park after the restoration of large carnivores. The study sought to understand whether the restoration of wolves to the food web cause a change in the state of willow communities that occured while wolves were absent. Each dataset has a corresonding file of metadata. </p>
Body size modulates the extent of seasonal diet switching by large mammalian herbivores in Yellowstone National Park
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Twenty years of Salix height in response to experimental manipulation of browsing and water table, northern range of Yellowstone National Park
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Postfire aspen presence, persistence and size in subalpine forests of Yellowstone National Park, USA. 1996 - 2014
Determining how ecological filters (e.g., climate, soils, biotic interactions) influence where species succeed in heterogeneous landscapes is challenging for long-lived species (e.g., trees), because filters can vary over space and change slowly through time. Stand-replacing wildfires create opportunities for establishment of tree-species cohorts and can catalyze rapid shifts in where species occur, facilitating unique opportunities for long-term study. We quantified effects of multiple ecological filters on a colonizing cohort of aspen (Populus tremuloides) that established from seed throughout burned lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests after the 1988 fires in Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, USA) to ask: (1) How have aspen presence, density, and size varied across the postfire landscape, and what filters explain these spatial and temporal patterns? (2) How does aspen above-and belowground biomass vary with postfire lodgepole-pine density? Aspen persisted to postfire year 25 in 58% of the plots in which aspen were present in postfire year 11 (n = 45), and mean stem density declined from 522 to 310 stems ha-1. Mean aspen height doubled (from 29 to 59 cm) over this period. Ecological filters related to climate, competition, herbivory, and soils all differentially affected aspen presence, persistence, and size. Growing season temperature, inter-specific competition, and herbivory also changed through time, altering their effects on the colonizing cohort, and shifting where on the landscape aspen persistence and growth were ultimately favored. Eleven years postfire, aspen were favored at warmer, low elevations; ungulate browsing strongly constrained aspen heights; and competition was unimportant. By 25-years postfire, temperatures warmed nearly 1 C, and aspen were more likely to persist at cooler, high elevations. Browsing pressure declined, as ungulate populations decreased during this time, but aspen height and basal diameters were constrained b
The Highs and Lows of Grazing: Effects of Ungulates and Elevation on Grassland and Sagebrush Steppe Vegetation Composition in Yellowstone National Park
<p>Yellowstone National Park’s Northern Range is emblematic for the wolves, bison and elk that inhabit its grassland and sagebrush-steppe habitats. Their interactions and populations have been the focus of considerable conservation debate. Recent changes in ungulate populations provide an opportunity to examine their influence on the vegetation communities. We conducted expansive vegetation surveys along an elevation gradient and at exclosure sites where ungulates were unable to graze. We collected a large database (n = 620 quadrats), which we analyzed using classic community ecology approaches. We found that non-native species have higher abundances at low elevations, and that grazing by ungulates reduces beta diversity and native cover, while promoting non-native cover. The magnitude of these changes are greater in bison-dominated than elk-dominated areas of Yellowstone, suggesting that bison may be overgrazing. These results provide valuable insights into major factors shaping vegetation communities, while also contextualizing management practices in a world-renowned ecosystem.</p> <p> </p> <p>Please respect licensing, and contact the corresponding author for permission to use this dataset in any research or publications. </p>
Data from: Harvest of transboundary gray wolves from Yellowstone National Park is largely additive
<p>Large carnivores are globally threatened due to habitat fragmentation and loss, prey depletion, and human exploitation. Human exploitation includes both legal and illegal hunting and trapping. Protected areas can create refugia from hunting and trapping, however, hunting can still threaten wide-ranging large carnivores when they leave these areas. Large carnivore reintroductions to protected areas are often motivated to restore ecological processes, including wolf reintroduction to Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Determining if harvest is compensatory or additive is essential for informed conservation strategies, as it influences the overall impact on wolf populations and their ecosystems. If the harvest was compensatory, then increasing harvest pressure outside YNP should not decrease overall survival for transboundary wolves. Alternatively, if increasing harvest was additive, then increasing harvest pressure outside YNP should decrease overall survival for transboundary wolves. We tested the effects of variable harvest pressure following delisting on the survival of YNP gray wolves (<em>Canis lupus</em>) from 1995 to 2022. We defined three harvest levels: no harvest, harvest with limited quotas, and unlimited harvest. We used Cox-proportional hazards models and cumulative incidence functions to estimate survival rates, factors affecting survival, and cause-specific mortality between these three harvest periods to test predictions of the additive mortality hypothesis. Most wolves that primarily lived in YNP were harvested adjacent to the park border. Cox-proportional hazards models revealed that mortality was highest during years of unlimited harvest during winter outside YNP. Cause-specific mortality analyses showed that natural mortality from other wolves and harvest were the two leading causes of death, but that harvest mortality had additive effects on wolf mortality. Wolf survival decreased with increased harvest mortality, while natural mortality remained relatively unchanged. High rates of additive harvest mortality of wolves could negatively impact wolf survival in YNP. Harvest mortality of transboundary wolves is additive possibly due to source-sink dynamics of uneven spatial susceptibility of wolves to harvest mortality across protected area borders, as well as effects of harvest on complex social dynamics of wolves in YNP. Transboundary management of large carnivores is challenging, yet cooperation between agencies is vital for wolf management in and around Yellowstone National Park. Our results support the use of small quota zones surrounding protected areas, that minimize transboundary mortality impacts on large carnivores living primarily inside protected areas.</p>
Lemonade Creek, Yellowstone National Park, USA - Microbial Community Analysis - Metabolomics Data
<p>Polar metabolomics data (targeted and untargeted) used for analysis of microbial community function over a diurnal cycle in Lemonade Creek, Yellowstone National Park, USA.</p> <p> </p> <p><code>GNPS_positive-2.xlsx</code> Comparison of GNPS data used for main metabolite analysis with targeted metabolite features. Done to support the accuracy of the GNPS results for metabolites identified outside the targeted set.</p> <p> </p> <p><code>NEG_506963_FinalEMA-HILIC_Identifications.xlsx</code> Negative ionization targeted metabolite identification quality and confidence results (prepared by the Joint Genome Institute, USA).</p> <p><code>NEG_msms_mirror_plots.tar.gz</code> Negative ionization targeted metabolite mirror plots.</p> <p><code>NEG_peak_height.tab</code> Negative ionization targeted metabolite peak height file (main results file used for abundance analysis).</p> <p><code>POS_506963_FinalEMA-HILIC_Identifications.xlsx</code> Positive ionization targeted metabolite identification quality and confidence results (prepared by the Joint Genome Institute, USA).</p> <p><code>POS_msms_mirror_plots.tar.gz</code> Positive ionization targeted metabolite mirror plots.</p> <p><code>POS_peak_height.tab</code> Positive ionization targeted metabolite peak height file (main results file used for abundance analysis).</p> <p> </p> <p><code>NEG_peak_height.csv</code> Negative ionization untargeted metabolite peak height file (main results file used for abundance analysis).</p> <p><code>POS_peak_height.csv</code> Positive ionization untargeted metabolite peak height file (main results file used for abundance analysis).</p>
Lemonade Creek, Yellowstone National Park, USA - Microbial Community Analysis - Cyanidiophyceae genome data for HGT analysis
<p>This dataset consists of 12 metagenome samples that were collected from one of three environments in Yellowstone National Park:</p> <ul> <li>4 samples (numbered 1, 2, 3, 4) are from the "CreekBiofilm" environment.</li> <li>4 samples (1, 2, 3, 4) are from the "Endolithic" environment.</li> <li>4 samples (1, 2, 3, 4) are from the "Soil" environment.</li> </ul> <p>We have found that there are two species of cyanidiophyceae present in these samples: one *Galdieria sulphuraria* (the `*Gsulp*` files) and one *Cyanidioschyzon merolae* (the `*Cmer*` files). For each of these species I extracted their contigs from the metagenome assembly if they had >=10% of their lengths covered by hits with >90% ID to the respective reference genome (i.e., contigs with >10% coverage of hits with >90% ID to a given reference genome). The majority of contigs have >90% hit coverage however, to prevent removal of contigs with novel sequences (arising via HGT or other processes), I used a lenient threshold of 10%. The naming of the files indicate which sample the contigs are from and which of the two cyanidiophyceae species they are putatively from. NOTE: that there are very few predicted proteins in the `YNP_CreekBiofilm_*_Gsulp*` files. This is because this environment is completely dominated by the other algal species and so we recovered very few contigs from this species from these environments.</p>
Bison population surveys in Yellowstone National Park (USA): 1970-1997
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Grassland aboveground biomass, composition, and chemistry from multiple sites and years in Yellowstone National Park
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Herbivores override climate control of grassland production in Yellowstone National Park
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Data from: Harvest of transboundary gray wolves from Yellowstone National Park is largely additive
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Lemonade Creek, Yellowstone National Park, USA - Microbial Community Analysis - Genome and Transcriptome Data
<p>Genome and Transcriptome data used for analysis of microbial community function over a diurnal cycle in Lemonade Creek, Yellowstone National Park, USA.</p> <p> </p> <p><code>mags.tar</code> Non-redundant metagenome data (genome assemblies, predicted genes, and gene functional annotations).</p> <p> </p> <p>In each directory are the the following files:</p> <p>- <code>*.mRNA.faa</code> protein sequences of protein-coding genes</p> <p>- <code>*.mRNA.fna</code> nucleotide sequences of protein-coding genes</p> <p>- <code>*.mRNA.gff3</code> genomic location of protein-coding genes</p> <p>- <code>*.mRNA.emapper.tsv</code> eggNOG-mapper annotations for the protein-coding genes</p> <p>- <code>*.mRNA.interproscan.gff3</code> InterProScan annotations for the protein-coding genes</p> <p> </p> <p>In the <code>prokaryote</code> directory there are the following files:</p> <p>- <code>*.rRNA.fna</code> nucleotide sequences of rRNA genes</p> <p>- <code>*.rRNA.gff3</code> genomic location of rRNA genes</p> <p>- <code>*.tRNA.fna</code> nucleotide sequences of tRNA genes</p> <p>- <code>*.tRNA.gff3</code> genomic location of tRNA genes</p> <p>- <code>*.other.fna</code> nucleotide sequences of other genes (i.e., CRISPR, ncRNA, oriC, regulatory_region, repeat_region, tmRNA - if any were predicted)</p> <p>- <code>*.other.gff3</code> genomic location of other genes</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Eukaryotes</strong></p> <p>Five MAGs from other eukaryotes that were assembled from a coassembly of the Soil samples.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Prokaryotes</strong></p> <p>The final dereplicated prokaryote MAGs (at 95% ID). The two <code>*stats*</code> files list the taxonomic information (from <code>GTDB-Tk</code>), completeness (from <code>CheckM</code>), and assembly stats (from the <code>stats.sh</code> script from the <code>bbmap</code> package) for each of the prokaryotic MAGs + the number of predicted protein-coding and non-protein-coding genes predicted in each MAG.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Viruses</strong></p> <p>The final dereplicated viral MAGs and vOTUs.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><code>read_mapping.tar</code> Abundance results from metagenome and metatranscriptome read mapping analysis against the non-redundant metagenome data and predicted genes (respectively). This analysis includes the cyanidiophyceae reference nuclear and organelle genomes.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>mags</strong></p> <p>Results from <code>bbmaps</code> alignment of metagenome reads against a database of non-redudant metagenome MAGs + cyanidiophyceae reference nuclear and organelle genomes. <code>CoverM</code> was used to calculate MAG abundances.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>genes</strong></p> <p><code>Salmon</code> abundance quantification of PolyA and RiboMinus metatranscriptome reads mapped against the predicted genes in the non-redudant metagenome MAGs + cyanidiophyceae reference nuclear and organelle genomes.</p>
Data from: Interactions among herbivory, climate, topography, and plant age shape riparian willow dynamics in northern Yellowstone National Park, USA
Understanding how the environmental context modifies the strength of trophic interactions within food webs forms a central challenge in community ecology. Here, we demonstrate the necessity of considering the influence of climate, landscape heterogeneity and demographics for understanding trophic interactions in a well-studied food web in Yellowstone National Park, USA. We studied riparian willow (Salix spp.) establishment and stem growth reconstructed from tree rings on the northern range of Yellowstone over a 30-year period that included the reintroduction of a top-predator, the gray wolf (Canis lupus). We used climate variables (annual precipitation, stream flow, and growing season length), herbivore abundance, and landscape descriptors (elevation and topographic wetness index) to predict establishment and growth processes through time before and after the introduction of wolves. We fitted Bayesian hierarchical models to establishment data and time series of individual stem heights from 1980 to 2008. Explaining variability in establishment required models with stream flow, annual precipitation, and elk abundance. Climate, trophic, and landscape covariates interacted with stem age to determine stem height and growth rate through time. Growth rates of most stems ages (2+) declined after the reintroduction of wolves. However, stem growth rates naturally declined with age, and the decline we observed was coincident with faster growth rates for the youngest stems. Mean stem heights at age have remained relatively stable through time for most age classes. Estimated effects of landscape topography had approximately the same magnitude of effect on stem growth rate at age as elk abundance. Synthesis: We show that the effects of modification of a food web cannot be predicted by studying trophic dynamics in isolation. No single driver explained patterns of willow establishment and growth over the past three decades in Yellowstone. Instead, interactions among trophic forces, interannual climate variability and landscape topography together shaped how the ecosystem responded to perturbations. Top-down effects of ungulates on riparian woody vegetation must be considered in the context of plant age, and climate and landscape heterogeneity.
Geophysical data collected at Obsidian Pool Thermal Area, Yellowstone National Park, in 2015-2016
<p>Geophysical data (EMI, GTEM, Seismic, Resistivity) collected over Obsidian Pool Thermal Area, Yellowstone National Park, in 2015 and 2016.</p>
Data from: Interactions among herbivory, climate, topography, and plant age shape riparian willow dynamics in northern Yellowstone National Park, USA
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Fig. 1 in Correlates of parasites and pseudoparasites in wolves (Canis lupus) across continents: A comparison among Yellowstone (USA), Abruzzo (IT) and Mercantour (FR) national parks
Fig. 1. Canid endoparasites detected in faecal samples of three different wolf populations from PNALM (2006–2007), PNM (2006–2007), and YNP (2007–2009). The total number of analysed samples (N), the proportion (P) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) are specified. P and CI are expressed as percentages (%).
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