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10 results for “Yosemite”
Pleistocene glacial cycles drove lineage diversification and fusion in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus)
Pleistocene glacial cycles drove lineage diversification and fusion in the Yosemite toad (<em>Anaxyrus canorus</em>) <p>Species endemic to alpine environments can evolve via steep ecological selection gradients between lowland and upland environments. Additionally, many alpine environments have faced repeated glacial episodes over the past two million years, fracturing these endemics into isolated populations. In this "glacial pulse" model of alpine diversification, cycles of allopatry and ecologically divergent glacial refugia play a role in generating biodiversity, including novel admixed ("fused") lineages. We tested for patterns of glacial pulse lineage diversification in the Yosemite toad (<em>Anaxyrus</em> [<em>Bufo</em>] <em>canorus</em>), an alpine endemic tied to glacially influenced meadow environments. Using double-digest RADseq on populations densely sampled from a portion of the species range, we identified nine distinct lineages with divergence times ranging from 18–724 ka, coinciding with multiple Sierra Nevada glacial events. Three lineages have admixed origins, and demographic models suggest these fused lineages have persisted throughout past glacial cycles. Directionality indices supported the hypothesis that some lineages recolonized Yosemite from east of the ice sheet, whereas other lineages remained in western refugia. Finally, refugial niche reconstructions suggest that low- and high-elevation lineages have convergently adapted to similar climatic niches. Our results suggest glacial cycles and refugia may be important crucibles of adaptive diversity across deep evolutionary time.</p> <p> </p> Gene pool boundaries for the Yosemite toad (<em>Anaxyrus canorus</em>) reveal asymmetrical migration within meadow neighborhoods <p>The Yosemite toad (<em>Anaxyrus</em> [<em>Bufo</em>] <em>canorus</em>) is a federally threatened species of meadow-specializing amphibian endemic to the high-elevation Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. The species is one of the first amphibians to undergo a large demographic collapse that was well documented, and is reputed to remain in low abundance throughout its range. Recent phylogeographic work has demonstrated that Pleistocene toad lineages diverged and then admixed to differing extents across an elevational gradient. Although lineage divisions may have significant effects on evolutionary trajectories over large spatial and temporal scales, present-day population dynamics must be delineated in order to manage and conserve the species effectively. In this study, we used a double-digest RADseq dataset to address three primary questions: (1) Are single meadows or neighborhoods of nearby meadows most correlated with population boundaries? (2) Does asymmetrical migration occur among neighborhoods of nearby meadows? (3) What topographic or hydrological variables predict such asymmetrical migration in these meadow neighborhoods? Hierarchical STRUCTURE and AMOVA analyses suggested that populations are typically circumscribed by a single meadow, although 84% of meadows exist in neighborhoods of at least two meadows connected by low levels of migration, and over half (53%) of neighborhoods examined display strong asymmetrical migration. Meadow neighborhoods often contain one or more large and flat "hub" meadows that experience net immigration, surrounded by smaller and topographically rugged "satellite" meadows with net emigration. Hubs tend to contain more genetic diversity and could be prioritized for conservation and habitat management and as potential sources for reestablishment efforts.</p> <p> </p> Landscape genetics of a sub-alpine toad: Climate change predicted to induce upward range shifts via asymmetrical migration corridors <p>Climate change is expected to have a major hydrological impact on the core breeding habitat and migration corridors of many amphibians in the 21st century. The Yosemite toad (<em>Anaxyrus canorus</em>) is a species of meadow-specializing amphibian endemic to the high-elevation Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Despite living entirely on federal lands, it has recently faced severe extirpations, yet our understanding of climatic influences on population connectivity is limited. In this study, we used a previously published double-digest RADseq dataset along with numerous remotely sensed habitat features in a landscape genetics framework to answer two primary questions in Yosemite National Park: (1) Which fine-scale climate, topographic, soil, and vegetation features most facilitate meadow connectivity? (2) How is climate change predicted to influence both the magnitude and net asymmetry of genetic migration? We developed an approach for simultaneously modeling multiple toad migration paths, akin to circuit theory, except raw environmental features can be separately considered. Our workflow identified the most likely migration corridors between meadows and used the unique cubist machine learning approach to fit and forecast environmental models of connectivity. We identified the permuted modeling importance of numerous snowpack-related features, such as runoff and groundwater recharge. Our results highlight the importance of considering phylogeographic structure, and asymmetrical migration in landscape genetics. We predict an upward elevational shift for this already high elevation species, as measured by the net vector of anticipated genetic movement, and a north-eastward shift in species distribution via the network of genetic migration corridors across the park.</p> <p> </p> <p>** Note: Multiple articles are associated with this dataset</p>
Using landscape genomics to delineate future adaptive potential for climate change in the Yosemite Toad (Anaxyrus canorus)
<p>An essential goal in conservation biology is delineating population units that maximize the probability of species persisting into the future and adapting to future environmental change. However, future-facing conservation concerns are often addressed using retrospective patterns that could be irrelevant. We recommend a novel landscape genomics framework for delineating future "Geminate Evolutionary Units" (GEUs) in a focal species: (1) identify loci under environmental selection, (2) model and map adaptive conservation units that may spawn future lineages, (3) forecast relative selection pressures on each future lineage, and (4) estimate their fitness and likelihood of persistence using geo-genomic simulations. Using this process, we delineated conservation units for the Yosemite toad (<em>Anaxyrus</em> <em>canorus</em>), a U.S. federally threatened species that is highly vulnerable to climate change. We used a genome-wide dataset, redundancy analysis, and Bayesian association methods to identify 24 candidate loci responding to climatic selection (R<sup>2</sup> ranging from 0.09–0.52), after controlling for demographic structure. Candidate loci included genes such as MAP3K5, involved in cellular response to environmental change. We then forecasted future genomic response to climate change using the multivariate machine learning algorithm Gradient Forests. Based on all available evidence, we found three GEUs in Yosemite National Park, reflecting contrasting adaptive optima: YF-North (high winter snowpack with moderate summer rainfall), YF-East (low to moderate snowpack with high summer rainfall), and YF-Low-Elevation (low snowpack and rainfall). Simulations under the RCP 8.5 climate change scenario suggest that the species will decline by 29% over 90 years, but the highly diverse YF-East lineage will be least impacted for two reasons: (1) geographically it will be sheltered from the largest climatic selection pressures, (2) its standing genetic diversity will promote a faster adaptive response. Our approach provides a comprehensive strategy for protecting imperiled non-model species with genomic data alone and has wide applicability to other declining species.</p>
A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Faricimab (RO6867461) in Participants With Diabetic Macular Edema (YOSEMITE)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03622580. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 16. Publications: 7.
Using landscape genomics to delineate future adaptive potential for climate change in the Yosemite Toad (Anaxyrus canorus)
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Yosemite Toad (Anaxyrus canorus) transcriptome reveals interplay between speciation genes and adaptive introgression
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Pleistocene glacial cycles drove lineage diversification and fusion in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus)
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FIGURE 12 in Preliminary Report on the Late Pleistocene and Holocene Diatoms of Swamp Lake, Yosemite National Park, California, USA
FIGURE 12: Relative abundances of species of Asterionella, Synedra, and Tabellaria in Livingstone core 02–05 with abundances of greater than 1% of the assemblage in at least one sample.
FIGURE 17 in Preliminary Report on the Late Pleistocene and Holocene Diatoms of Swamp Lake, Yosemite National Park, California, USA
FIGURE 17: Relative abundances of species of Eunotia and Frustulia in Livingstone core 02–05 with abundances of greater than 1% of the assemblage in at least one sample.
FIGURE 10 in Preliminary Report on the Late Pleistocene and Holocene Diatoms of Swamp Lake, Yosemite National Park, California, USA
FIGURE 10: Relative abundances of species of Fragilaria and Pseudostaurosira in freeze core FZ02–05 with abundances of greater than 1% of the assemblage in at least one sample. The freeze core record represents the last 1000 years.
A Phase 3 Study of Zodasiran in Adolescent and Adult Subjects With Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (YOSEMITE)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07037771. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 4. Publications: 0.
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OpenNeuro
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