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Figures 1–5. Chileporter huemeri n. gen. and n in New genus and species of Yponomeutidae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea) associated with Maytenus boaria Molina (Celastraceae) from Chile, with descriptions of immature stages and natural history observations

Figures 1–5. Chileporter huemeri n. gen. and n. sp., adult. 1) Wings, dorsal view. 2) Head, side view. 3) Wing veins. Scale bar: 1 mm (1, 2, 3). 4). Sternum 2. Scale bar: 0.5 mm. 5). Tergum spiny setae. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.

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Figures 12–20. Chileporter huemeri n. gen. and n in New genus and species of Yponomeutidae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea) associated with Maytenus boaria Molina (Celastraceae) from Chile, with descriptions of immature stages and natural history observations

Figures 12–20. Chileporter huemeri n. gen. and n. sp. 12–15. Adult female. Scale bar: 0.25 mm. 12) Female genitalia. 13) Ductus bursae. 14) Corpus bursae. 15) Signum. 16) Larva, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. 17–20. Larval structures. Scale bar: 0.20 mm. 17) Mandible. 18) Crochets. 19) Microprocesses on integument. 20) Antennae.

Fig. 17 in Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

Fig. 17. SEMs of pupa of Bedellia somnulentella Zeller, 1847 (OPU-IN-LE2018IV0038–0039). A. Head, ventral view. B. Lateral view. C. Dorsal view. D. Frontal process, ventral view. E. Same, lateral view. F. Face, ventral view. G. Seta and spiracle of abdomen, lateral view. H. Spiracle. I. A7, dorsal view. J. A7–A10, dorsal view. K. Same, lateral view. L. Dorsal view. M. Setae of A10, ventral view. N. Same, lateral view. O. Dorsal view.

Fig. 13 in Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

Fig. 13. Maximum Likelihood tree of 23 yponomeutoid/gracillarioid species based on the DNA barcoding region. Numbers on nodes indicate bootstrap support values. Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 is indicated in bold.

Fig. 14 in Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

Fig. 14. Adult head of Yponomeutoidea moths. A–C. Plutella xylostella Linnaeus, 1758 (OPU-IN-LE2018IV0037), Plutellidae, from Japan. D–F. Atteva sp. [OPU-IN-LE2018IV0036], Attevidae, from Thailand. A–B, E. Head, lateral view. C. Ocellus. D, F. Chaetosema. Abbreviations: ch = chaetosema; lp = labial palpus; mp = maxillary palpus; oc = ocellus; pr = proboscis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 12 in Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

Fig. 12. SEMs of pupal abdominal segments A9–A10 of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (OPU-IN- LE2018IV0018 -0020). A. Ventral view. B. Lateral view. C. Dorsal view. D. Middle portion of A10. E. Ventral setae of A9. F. Lateral seta of A10. G. Dorsal setae of A10. H. Apical setae of right process of cremaster, ventral view. I. Same, left process. J. Left process of cremaster, lateral view. K–L. Apical setae of right process of cremaster, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ds = dorsal seta; ls = lateral seta; sds = subdorsal seta; svs = subventral seta; vs = ventral seta.

Fig. 10 in Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

Fig. 10. SEMs of the pupal head and abdomen of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (OPU-IN-LE2018IV0018–0020). A. Frontal process, ventral view. B. Head, lateral view. C. Frontal process, dorsal view. D. Same, lateral view. E. Face, ventral view. F. A5, ventral view. G. Setae of abdominal tergum 6. H. Same, A7. I. A5–A7, dorsal view.

Fig. 6 in Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

Fig. 6. Mature larval thorax and abdominal segment of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (OPU-IN- LE2018IV0031|SK600, 0025|SK603, 0026|SK604). A. Thorax segment 1–3. B. Thoracic leg on thorax segment 1. C. A 1–4. D. A5–9. E. A9–10. F. Anal shield. Abbreviations: ans = anal shield; apl = anal proleg; Ba = claw, lateral view; Bb = same, frontal view; D1, D2 = dorsal setae; L1, L2, L3 = lateral setae; MD1 = microdorsal seta; MV3 = microventral seta; SD1, SD2 = subdorsal setae; sp = spiracle; SV1, SV2, SV3 = subventral setae; V1 = ventral seta; XD1, XD2 = XD group, dorsal setae on the anterior margin of the T1.

Fig. 9 in Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

Fig. 9. SEMs of the mature larval structure of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (OPU-IN- LE2018IV0035|SK543). A. Mandible and maxillary palpus. B. Jugular gland-like structure. C. Prothoracic legs. D. Meso- and metathoracic legs. E. Right mesothoracic leg. F. Left mesothoracic leg. G. Same, base of claw. H. Right metathoracic leg. I. Same, base of claw. J. Left metathoracic leg. K. Same, claw and tarsus. L–M. Crochets of proleg on A3. N. Same on A4. O. Crochets of anal prolegs.

Fig. 8 in Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of the adult of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (A, C = OPU-IN-LE2018IV0033, unsexed; B, E–I = 0034, male). A–D. Head. E–I. Cilia. A. Right side, lateral view. B. Left side, lateral view. C–D. Vertex and eye. E. Apical cilia on forewing. F–G. Cilia of dorsum on hindwing. H–I. Apical cilia on hindwing.

Fig. 5 in Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

Fig. 5. Mature larval head of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (OPU-IN-LE2018IV0031|SK600, 0025|SK603, 0026|SK604). A. Head capsule, frontal view. B. Same, rear view. C. Same, lateral view. D. Labrum, frontal view. E. Same, rear view. F. Mandible, inner view. Abbreviations: A1, A2, A3 = anterior setae; Af1, Af2 = adfrontal setae; Afa = pore between setae Af1 and Af2; at = antenna; C1, C2 = clypeal setae; F1 = frontal seta; Fa: pore on the frons; L1 = lateral seta; lb = labium; lp = labial palpus; M1, M2 = mandibular setae; MD1, MD2 = microdorsal setae; MG1 = microgenal seta; mp = maxillary palpus; P1, P2 = posteriodorsal setae; S1, S2, S3 = stemmatal setae; spr = spinneret; SS1, SS2, SS3 = substemmatal setae; stm = stemma.

Fig. 4 in Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

Fig. 4. Mature larva of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (OPU-IN-LE2018IV0031|SK600). A. Gene- ral, lateral view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Head and prothorax, dorsal view. D. Same, ventral view. E. Same, lateral view. F. Jugular glands, lateral view. G. A3, 4. H. Proleg on abdominal segment 3. I. Same, on abdominal segment 4. J. Spiracle on abdominal segment 8. K. Anal proleg, ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 2. A in Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

Fig. 2. A tree estimated by neighbor-joining analysis under Kimura's two-parameter distance model using DNA barcode sequence, retrieved from BOLD identification system (IDS). Branch lengths are proportional to distances. Sequence with ID started from "SK-" is obtained from the present study, and the others are from the BOLD database. The letters within square brackets refer to the collection site of specimens as follows: Au = Australia; Ca = Canada; Cr = Costa Rica; Ec = Ecuador; Eu = Europe; Gh = Ghana; Ja = Japan; Ma = Macedonia; Pa = Pakistan; Pg = Papua New Guinea; Sk = South Korea; Ta = Taiwan; Un = Unknown; Us = United States; Ve = Venezuela. Asterisks show the superfamily Yponomeutoidea.

Fig. 3 in Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

Fig. 3. Larvae and pupae of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 on Putranjiva matsumurae Koidz. A. Tree of hostplant and larval webs. B. Later larva forming web on young leaves. C. Later larva, lateral view. D. Mature larva, dorsal view. E. Same, ventral view. F. Pupa, ventral view. G. Same, lateral view. H. Pupa at the joint of some cross silken threads, lateral view.

Fig. 1 in Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

Fig. 1. Female adult of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 (OPU-IN-LE 2018IV0005), host: Putranjiva matsumurae Koidz., from Yonaguni Is., Okinawa Pref., Japan. A. Adult specimen. B. Resting posture of adult, dorso-lateral view. Scale bar: 2 mm.

Fig. 2 in Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree of DNA barcode haplotypes of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. and other genera of Heliodinidae. Sequences of Bedellia somnulentella (Zeller, 1847) (Bedelliidae Meyrick, 1880) and Scythropia crataegella (Linnaeus, 1767) (Scythropiidae Friese, 1966) were included as outgroups. Numbers indicate bootstrap percentages (1000 replicates).

Fig. 6 in Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

Fig. 6. Female genitalia of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov., ♀, paratype (IDEA-LEPI-2020-024) A. Female genitalia, ventral view. B. Papillae analis. C. Ornamentation of the proximal part of the signum. D. Ornamentation of the distal part of the signum. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 8 in Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

Fig. 8. Geographic distribution of three Neotropical Heliodinidae. Red rectangle on left indicates the location in South America of the area enlarged on right. Circle = type locality of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. in northern Chile. Triangles = distribution of Aetole demarcha (Meyrick, 1917), the geographically nearest heliodinid species to H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov. on the western slopes of the Andes, in Peru. Square = type locality of Lithariapteryx loriculata (Meyrick, 1932) on the eastern slopes of the Andes of Bolivia, the morphologically nearest species to H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov.

Fig. 7 in Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

Fig. 7. Habitat and host plant of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. A. The type locality near Zapahuira Village at about 3400 m elevation on the western slopes of the Andes of the Parinacota Province, northern Chile. B. The host plant Mirabilis acuta (Reiche) Heimerl (Nyctaginaceae). C. Detail of the damage pattern on a leaf of the host. D. Flower of M. acuta.

Fig. 1 in Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

Fig. 1. Strict consensus (85 steps, consistency index 52, retention index 75) of the four most parsimonious trees, showing the phylogenetic relationships of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (rectangle) based on the data matrix provided by Hsu & Powell (2004). Only unambiguous changes are shown. Outgroups not shown.