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182 results for “Zea mays”
Size-dependent effects of oxo-degradable plastic contamination on soil quality and Zea mays L. performance
<p><span>Agricultural plastic mulch films represent a significant source of microplastic contamination in soils, raising concerns about soil health and food security. Oxo-degradable plastics (ODPs) have emerged as a potentially more eco-friendly alternative to conventional plastic mulch films, however, uncertainty remains around the degradation rate of ODPs in soil and their impacts on soil quality and crop health. Using a controlled mesocosm experiment, we evaluated the behaviour and impact of different concentrations of oxo-biodegradable macro- (>10 mm) or micro-plastic (<5 mm) (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10% w/w) on the performance of <em>Zea mays</em> L. grown in an agricultural soil over a 6-week period. Contrary to expectation, no major fragmentation or degradation of ODP was observed during the experimental period, however, FTIR revealed the formation of carbonyl groups indicative of oxidation. Overall, our results showed that typical levels of plastic contamination (0.01% w/w) had very little effect on soil physicochemical properties, microbial activity or plant performance. However, higher levels of plastic contamination resulted in significant changes in soil pH, EC, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, bulk density, and soil moisture. At extreme plastic loading rates (10% Can you write w/w), both micro- and macro-sized ODPs caused significant reductions in plant height and foliar chlorophyll content, with microplastic treatments showing consistently greater effects than macroplastics. None of the plastic loading rates had an effect on shoot and root biomass or soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and P concentrations or microbial community structure in comparison to the unamended controls. Our findings indicate that at realistic field concentrations, ODPs are likely to have little effect on agroecosystem functioning but that they may persist in soil for long periods of time leading to their progressive accumulation in agricultural soils if used over repeated cropping cycles. Further research is needed to evaluate the longer-term impacts of ODPs on soil quality and crop health under field conditions.</span></p>
Figure 6 in Molecular and morphological characterization of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Corn (Zea mays) in South Carolina
Figure 6: Phylogenetic relationships of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. with other select Tylenchidae, as inferred from a 418 bp alignment of mitochondrial COI sequences, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MrBayes (MB) as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches, with Bursaphelenchus cOnicaudatus as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Figure 4 in Molecular and morphological characterization of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Corn (Zea mays) in South Carolina
Figure 4: Phylogenetic relationships of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. with other select Tylenchidae, as inferred from a 1585 bp alignment of 18S rRNA sequences, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MrBayes (MB) as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches, with AphelenchOides besseyi as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Figure 3 in Molecular and morphological characterization of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Corn (Zea mays) in South Carolina
Figure 3: Line drawings of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. A: Female pharyngeal region; B: Female lip region showing stylet; C: Areolated lateral field; D: Male spicule, gubernaculum, and bursa. E: Vulval region showing vulva, uterus, and spermatheca; F–G: female tails.
Figure 2 in Molecular and morphological characterization of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Corn (Zea mays) in South Carolina
Figure 2: Photomicrographs of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. males and females. A–B: Anterior end with arrows pointing toward the excretory pore; C: Excretory pore; D: Areolated lateral field; E: Entire female body; F: Female basal bulb; G: Female gonad; H–I: female posterior end with arrow pointing the anal area (H); J: Female vulva region with arrow pointing toward the spermatheca; K: Male spicule.
Figure 5 in Molecular and morphological characterization of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Corn (Zea mays) in South Carolina
Figure 5: Phylogenetic relationships of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. with other select Tylenchidae, as inferred from an 822 bp alignment of 28S rRNA sequences, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MrBayes (MB) as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches, with Bursaphelenchus mucrOnatus as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Figure 1 in Molecular and morphological characterization of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Corn (Zea mays) in South Carolina
Figure 1: Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. A: Female specimen, anterior end, arrow pointing toward the excretory pore; B: Female specimen, head; C: Female specimen, face view; D: Lateral field (midbody); E: Female specimen, anal opening; F: Female specimen, vulval opening; G: Male specimen, spicule; H: Female specimen, arrow showing the anal opening; I: Female specimen, tail; J: Male specimen, posterior end.
Figure 2 in Influence of Mycorrhizae and Irrigation on Growth and Mineral Uptake by Corn (Zea mays L.) Seedlings in a Calcareous Soil
Figure 2. Average of macronutrients N, P, K, Mg, and Ca uptake (mg/plant) by shoots of corn seedlings grown in Guam cobbly clay soil, either inoculated (■) or not inoculated (♦) with Glomus aggregatum and provided one of four volumes of water: W1=7200 mL, W2=3600 mL, W3=1800 mL, and W4=900 mL during the 3-week experiment. Crossbars represent standard deviations of means of four replications.
Figure 3 in Influence of Mycorrhizae and Irrigation on Growth and Mineral Uptake by Corn (Zea mays L.) Seedlings in a Calcareous Soil
Figure 3. Average of micronutrients Fe, Mn, B, Cu, and Zn uptake (mg/plant) by shoots of corn seedlings grown in Guam cobbly clay soil, either inoculated (■) or not inoculated (♦) with Glomus aggregatum and provided one of four volumes of water: W1=7200 mL, W2=3600 mL, W3=1800 mL, and W4=900 mL during the 3-week experiment. Crossbars represent standard deviations of means of four replications.
Zea mays L. (BR0000012571406)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Zea mays L. (BR0000010881576)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Zea mays L. (BR0000011626053)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Zea mays L. (BR0000011626657)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Zea mays L. (BR0000011625308)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Zea mays L. (BR0000009921351)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Zea mays L. (BR0000011625636)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Zea mays L. (BR0000011625698)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Zea mays L. (BR0000011625278)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Zea mays L. (BR0000011626022)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Zea mays L. (BR0000011626268)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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