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Fig. 2 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

Fig. 2 - WP 199, N 25 44. 760 E 66 37.190 with Zootecus shells emerging from sediments (photo by P. Biagi, R. Nisbet, A. Girod).

Fig. 5 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

Fig. 5 - Rohri Hills, site 59. Section through the deposits: a) Zootecus sp. shells (modified from Biagi & Pessina. 1994).

Fig. 1 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

Fig. 1 - Left: map of Pakistan with the areas of the studied sites. A) Balochistan, sites WP16, WP 31, Uthal. B) Upper Sindh, Rohri Hills, site 59, site 480. Right: satellite view of the area of Balochistan, South of Uthal with location of the Lake Siranda and the lagoon of Miani Hor.

Fig. 11 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

Fig. 11 - Comparison between the linear regression of the five samples and the shapes described in the past literature. 1) Z. pullus. 2) Z. chion gracilor minor. 3) Z. insularis chion. 4) Z. polygyratus. 5) Z. chion. 6) Z. chion from Hyderabad. 7) Z. agrensis. 8) Z. estellus. 9) Z. pertica.

Fig. 4 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

Fig. 4 - Left: view of shell heaps. WP 16, Zootecus sp. with fresh-water malacofauna. Right: WP 31, shells of Zootecus sp. only (photo by A. Girod).

Fig. 9 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

Fig. 9 - Linear regression analyses of the height - diameter relationships in the samples; x-axis = diameter in mm; y-axis = height in mm.

Fig. 3 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

Fig. 3 - Hills around the River Windar and some living specimens of Zootecus cfr. insularis (photo by A. Girod).

Fig. 10 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

Fig. 10 - Zootecus sp.: Examples of different shell shapes. A) Siranda WP 16. B) Siranda WP 31. C) old collection from Uthal with some juvenile individuals. D) Rohri Hills site 59. E) Rohri Hills site 480 (photo A. Girod).

Tab. 1 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

<p>Tab. 1 - Historical names, dimensions and whorl numbers of the Z <i>ootecus</i> described from Afghanistan and Pakistan. AMNH, American Museum of Natural History; NHMUK, National History Museum, London; PZS, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Local taxa</b></th><th><b>Collecting areas</b></th><th><b>H mm</b></th><th><b>D mm</b></th><th><b>H/D</b></th><th><b>Whorls</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1) <i>Zootecus pullus</i> Gray, 1834 - P.Z.S., 2: 66</th><td>Balochistan, Quetta; Kutch; Bank of Ganges; Delhi; Uttar Pradesh</td><td>10</td><td>4</td><td>2.5</td><td>9-10</td></tr><tr><th>2) <i>Zootecus chion</i> (smaller form) <i>gracilior minor</i> (Pfeiffer, 1856)</th><td>Not specified</td><td>11</td><td>4</td><td>2.75</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>3) <i>Zootecus insularis chion</i> (Solem, 1979, tab. IV: 30)</th><td>Afghanistan</td><td>11.8±0.15 (9.8-14.3)</td><td>5.66±0.071 (4.3-6.4)</td><td>2.279 2.234</td><td>7 3/4 + (7 1/8-9)</td></tr><tr><th>4) <i>Zootecus polygyratus</i> Reeve, 1849</th><td>Sindh (Rohri Hills); Baluchistan (Gwadar)</td><td>12</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><th>5) <i>Zootecus chion</i>, Pfeiffer, 1856</th><td>Afghanistan; Punjab; Sindh</td><td>12</td><td>0.5</td><td>2.4</td><td>7-8</td></tr><tr><th>6) <i>Zootecus chion</i> (#2), Pfeiffer, 1856</th><td>Samples from Hyderabad</td><td>14</td><td>6</td><td>2.333</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>7) <i>Zootecus agrensis</i> Kur. r 1856 - Malakozoologische Blätter, 2: 107</th><td>India: Agra</td><td>16</td><td>6</td><td>2.666</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><th>8) <i>Zootecus estellus</i> Benson, 1857 - A.M.N.H. ser. 2, 19: 327</th><td>Punjab; Sindh; Rajasthan; Andhra Pradesh</td><td>18</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><th>9) <i>Zootecus pertica</i> Benson, 1857 - A.M.N.H. ser. 2, 19: 328</th><td>Sindh</td><td>20</td><td>5</td><td>4</td><td>10</td></tr></tbody></table>

Fig. 8 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

Fig. 8 - Shells index of roundness H/D of the five samples.

Fig. 6 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

Fig. 6 - Shell measurements (drawn by Dael Sassoon).

Tab. 4 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

<p>Tab. 4 - Values of <i>q</i> based on Tukey test. The pairs pointed out with asterisks (*) are significantly different.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Comparison of samples</th><th><b>q</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>RH59 - RH480</th><td>0.5853</td></tr><tr><th>RH59 - WP31 *</th><td>4.8001</td></tr><tr><th>RH59 -WP16 *</th><td>5.9384</td></tr><tr><th>RH59 - UTHAL *</th><td>6.402</td></tr><tr><th>RH480 - WP31</th><td>1.3343</td></tr><tr><th>RH480 - WP16</th><td>1.5047</td></tr><tr><th>RH480 - UTHAL</th><td>2.8947</td></tr><tr><th>WP31 - WP16</th><td>3.4168</td></tr><tr><th>WP31 - UTHAL *</th><td>5.4741</td></tr><tr><th>WP16 - UTHAL</th><td>2.2843</td></tr></tbody></table>

Tab. 3 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

<p>Tab. 3 - Results of ANOVA test. DF, degree of freedom; S 2, variance; F, variance ratio; P, significance level.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Source of variation</b></th><th><b>Deviance</b></th><th><b>DF</b></th><th><b>S</b> <b>2</b></th><th><b>F</b></th><th><b>P</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Within groups variance</th><td>107.8805</td><td>986</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Common regression slope</th><td>0.226133</td><td>1</td><td>0.226133</td><td>2.075882</td><td><0.01</td></tr><tr><th>Between regression slopes</th><td>0.8000667</td><td>4</td><td>0.200017</td><td>1.836137</td><td><0.05</td></tr><tr><th>Error for coefficient</th><td>106.8637</td><td>981</td><td>0.108933</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Tab. 2 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

<p>Tab. 2 - Number of individuals, heights (H), diameters (D), means, roundness indices (H/D), whorl numbers and linear regression coefficient for <i>Zootecus</i> sp. of the five sites.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><b>WP 16</b></th><th><b>WP 31</b></th><th><b>UTHAL</b></th><th><b>RH 59</b></th><th><b>RH 480</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Numbers of individuals</th><td>240</td><td>162</td><td>217</td><td>197</td><td>167</td></tr><tr><th>Mean H mm</th><td>10.75</td><td>11.40</td><td>11.57</td><td>11.97</td><td>10.70</td></tr><tr><th>Max H mm</th><td>13.50</td><td>13.30</td><td>14.85</td><td>17.00</td><td>12.90</td></tr><tr><th>Min H mm</th><td>8.00</td><td>9.50</td><td>8.30</td><td>10.00</td><td>8.50</td></tr><tr><th>Delta H mm</th><td>5.50</td><td>3.800</td><td>6.55</td><td>7.00</td><td>4.40</td></tr><tr><th>Mean D mm</th><td>4.69</td><td>4.85</td><td>4.80</td><td>4.19</td><td>4.87</td></tr><tr><th>Max D mm</th><td>6.00</td><td>5.60</td><td>5.50</td><td>4.85</td><td>5.60</td></tr><tr><th>Min D mm</th><td>3.80</td><td>3.90</td><td>4.10</td><td>3.70</td><td>3.50</td></tr><tr><th>Delta D mm</th><td>2.20</td><td>0.95</td><td>1.40</td><td>1.15</td><td>2.10</td></tr><tr><th>Mean roundness H/D</th><td>2.30</td><td>2.30</td><td>2.41</td><td>2.85</td><td>2.19</td></tr><tr><th>Whorl numbers</th><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>8 and 9</td><td>8 and 10</td><td>7 and 8</td></tr><tr><th>Linear regression equation</th><td>y = 0.2493x + 1.9771</td><td>y = 0.1606x + 3.0419</td><td>y = 0.302x + 1.1788</td><td>y = 0.10278x + 2.9634</td><td>y = 0.2122x + 2.5862</td></tr></tbody></table>

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Fig. 7 in The local forms of Zootecus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) of Pakistan: an archaeomalacological case study

Fig. 7 - Distribution of 0.1 mm dimension classes of individuals from the five sites. On the left the shell height; on the right the shell diameter: x-axis = number of individuals, y-axis = dimension classes.