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28 results for “Zygoceros”
FIGURES 153–156 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 153–156. Details of two species currently placed in Cerataulus but with characters associated with Trieres and Parodontella. Figs 153,155.Cerataulus strelnikovae P.A. Sims and D.M. Williams, sp. nov. (Vema Cruise 17, core 107, 175cm). Fig. 152. Valve exterior, broadly lanceolate valve with apical elevations lying in opposing directions, 5 stout subcentral spines, the openings of rimoportulae surrounding a central annulus; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 155. Detail of transapical rows of irregularly arranged fine poresr within annulus, linked spinules covering annulus (sternum); scale bar = 1 μm. Figs 154–156. Cerataulus granulata (Roper) P.A. Sims & D.M. Williams, comb. nov. ("Wunderluss", locality unknown, ex Brigger colln, BM). Fig. 154. Valve exterior, lanceolate valve with elevations in opposing directions, an ocellus on summit, 2 stout hollow spines, the openings of rimoportulae lying centrally in a subpolar position on opposing sides of a central sternum; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 155. Detail of valve exterior with transapical quadruple rows of fine pores meeting annulus (sternum) extending between rimoportulae; scale bar = 1 μm.
FIGURES 148–152 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 148–152. Ralfsiella smithii (=Cerataulus smithii Ralfs in Pritchard) (Beaufort, South Carolina, USA). Fig. 148. Circular valve face with opposing narrow submarginal elevations; positioned midway submarginal hollow spines, the exterior openings of rimoportulae; valve surface covered in a mostly radial pattern of false pseudoloculi, valve mantle slightly indented where it joins narrow hyaline valve margin; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 149. Summit of elevation with rimmed ocellus; scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 150. Frustule with attached girdle bands, flat valve face merging into rounded mantle, barely raised elevations; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 151. Irregular false pseudoloculi, basal layer with a single poroid areola occluded by a simple raised cribrum; scale bar = 1 μm.
FIGURES 139–143 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 139–143. Pseudictyota bicorne (Cleve) P.A. Sims & D.M. Williams (Thursday Island, Queensland, Australia). Fig. 139. Rhombic valve exterior with elevations at opposing narrow apices, valve margin expanded midway between elevations; valve covered in irregular pattern of false pseudoloculi, mantle incurved and attached to expanded hyaline valve margin by costae; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 140. Valve and attached valvocopula tilted showing interior with regular uninterrupted radial rows of poroid areolae; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 141. Mantle view with barely raised elevations, an ocellus on summit and raised valve centre; scale bar = 3 μm. Fig. 142. Detail of false pseudoloculi, basal layer with poroid areolae most occluded by cribra with a specialised pore (arrow) in most sectors; scale bar = 1 μm. Fig. 143. Interior, midway between elevations, opening from submarginal rimoportula (arrow) and expanded pars interior of valvocopula (typical of the genus); scale bar = 1 μm.
FIGURES 133–138 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 133–138. Pseudictyota dubium (Brightwell) P.A. Sims & D.M. Williams (Clarence River, New South Wales, Australia). Fig. 133. Hexagonal valve exterior with attached valvocopula, alternate apices with short elevations an ocellus at each summit, irregular pattern of false pseudoloculi covering valve, those at valve centre larger, valve margin expanded with costae linking valve mantle to mantle; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 134. Valve interior with uninterrupted radial rows of poroid areolae and openings from three submarginal rimoportulae positioned within apices alternating with elevations; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 135. Irregular false pseudoloculi, basal layer with poroid areolae most occluded by raised cribra with larger specialised pore (arrow) in most sectors; scale bar = 3 μm. Fig. 136.Elevation with ocellus facing outwards, costae with branched ends linking mantle to outer edge of expanded valve margin; scale bar = 5 μm. Fig. 137. Alternate angle with opening from rimoportula (arrow); scale bar = 5 μm. Fig.138. Internal view with uninterrupted rows of poroid areolae and opening from rimoportula (arrow); scale bar = 4 μm.
FIGURES 122–128 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 122–128. Pseudictyota plana (A. Schmidt) P.A. Sims & D.M. Williams (Port Shepstone, Natal, South Africa). Fig. 122. Exterior bipolar valve with barely raised elevations at apices and irregular network of false pseudoloculi covering valve face and mantle; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 123. Interior with attached valvocopula, transapically aligned uninterrupted rows of poroid areolae becoming radially aligned at apices meeting a short central sternum; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig.124.. Reproduction of pl. 121, fig. 7 for Biddulphia plana A.Schmidt (1888). Fig. 125. Ocellus at summit of elevation with buttressed opening of rimoportula at base; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 126. Irregular pattern of false pseudoloculi, basal poroid areolae mostly occluded by cribra with a specialised pore (arrow) in most sectors; scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 127. Tripolar valve exterior with irregular arrangement of false pseudoloculi and barely raised elevation with rimmed ocellus at apices; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig.128.False pseudoloculi with basal layer of poroid areolae mostly occluded by cribra with occasional specialised pore; scale bar = 1 μm.
FIGURES 129–132 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 129–132. Pseudictyota moreirae (Fernandes & Souza-Mosimann) P.A. Sims & D.M. Williams (Thursday Island, Queensland, Australia). Fig. 129. Triangular valve exterior with barely raised elevations capped by ocelli at apices, the opening from a rimoportula at each base and irregular network of false pseudoloculi covering valve; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 130. False pseudoloculi, papillae on outer wall, basal layer of poroid areolae most occluded by cribra, a specialised pore (arrow) in most sectors; scale bar = 1 μm. Fig. 131. Mantle view with attached girdle bands, rounded mantle incurved where it links to expanded valve margin by costae, surface ridged spinules; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 132. Ocellus with hyaline rim, irregular network of false pseudoloculi with surface papillae; scale bar = 2 μm.
FIGURES 117–121 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 117–121. Pseudictyota reticulata (Roper), P.A.Sims & D.M. Williams. nov. sp. Fig. 117. Reproduction of plate 2, figs 13–15 for Biddulphia reticulata from Roper (1859) (not to scale). Fig. 118. Thursday Island, Queensland. Bipolar valve with elevations at apices and irregular network of false pseudoloculi covering valve face and mantle; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig.119. Ambrin, New Hebrides [Ambrym, Vanuatu]. Ocellus at summit of elevation, note expanded hyaline valve margin with raised border and openings from two rimoportulae; scale bar = 1 μm. Fig. 120. Philippines. Mantle view with attached girdle bands; valve covered with ridged spinules; scale bar = 25 μm. Fig. 121. Hog Harbour, New Hebrides [Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu]. False pseudoloculi; basal layer of poroid areolae mostly occluded by raised cribra with a specialised pore (arrow) in most sectors; scale bar = 2 μm.
FIGURES 144–147 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 144–147. Hobaniella longicruris (Greville) P.A. Sims & D.M. Williams (Culture ECT 25v 112–11A, Hunting Island, South Carolina, USA. ex Matt Ashworth). Fig. 144. Circular valve exterior with opposing marginal elevations, two long hollow spines, the openings of rimoportulae lying off the raised valve centre, directed outwards midway between elevations; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 145. Detail rimmed ocellus at summit of long elevation, poroid areolae occluded by raised vela with central spinule; scale bar = 4 μm. Fig. 146. Mantle view with long central spine with forked opening, two substantial elevations and broad hyaline valve margin with raised border; note interior with uninterrupted radial rows of poroid areolae; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 147. Segment of elevation with occluded poroid areolae and opening from specialised pore (?) (arrow); scale bar = 2 μm.
FIGURES 111–116 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 111–116. Odontella rostrata (Hustedt) Simonsen (Redfish Bay, Aransas County, Texas, USA, ECT 3828 TX). Fig. 111. Valve exterior flat with elevations at apices, a rimmed ocellus on summit; valve face with raised circular valve centre and two opposing transapically aligned hollow spines off centre; spinules covering valve, some linking valve centre to foot of elevations and mantle; a broad hyaline expanded valve margin with a raised border surrounds the valve face; scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 112. Valve with radial rows of poroid areolae mostly occluded by raised cribra with occasional specialised pores (arrow); scale bar = 1 μm. Fig. 113. Valve interior with broad hyaline valve margin; scale bar = 1 μm. Fig. 114. Detail of valve interior with openings from two rimoportulae; scale bar = 1 μm. Fig. 115. Mantle view of valve with attached girdle bands showing indented valve mantle and an outwardly directed elevation at each pole; scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 116. Valve tilted with two long hollow spines off valve centre, the exterior openings of rimoportulae; scale bar = 1 μm.
FIGURES 105–110 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 105–110. Diommatetras grossa Komura (Atlantic City well, 406 ft, USA). Fig.105. Quadrangular valve tilted valve margins concave. Lying opposite are 2 elevations each with a rimmed ocellus at summit. Lying midway between elevations vale margin expands with a submarginal stout spine, the opening of a rimoportula present. Valve centre convex with a depressed central area.; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig.106. Valve interior with radial rows of discrete poroid areolae extending from small depressed central area; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 107. Anastomosing costae enclosing areolae occluded by cribra with the occasional specialised pore (arrow); scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 108. Interior opening of submarginal rimoportula, cribra and specialised pore (arrow); scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 109. Valve rotated showing valve mantle attached to expanded hyaline valve margin by costae; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 110. Valve flat with concave valve margins, long costae linking an oval valve centre to elevations, long stout hollow spine, a rimoportula, at opposing angles; scale bar = 10 μm.
FIGURES 101–104 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 101–104. Amphitetras elegans Greville (San Redondo, California, USA). Fig. 101. Quadrangular valve exterior with four slightly raised triangular elevations at apices, depressed valve centre and radial rows of poroid areolae; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 102. Elevation with opening of ocellus, remains of porelli on margin, extended hyaline valve margin with raised border; scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 103. Midway between apices, buttressed opening of rimoportula, remains of cribra occluding poroid areolae, occasional specialised pore (arrow) and surface ridged papillae; scale bar = 3 μm. Fig. 104. Valve interior with radial rows of poroid areolae; scale bar = 50 μm.
FIGURES 95–100 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 95–100. Amphitetras antediluviana Ehrenberg (Port Shepstone, Natal, South Africa). Fig. 95. Quadrangular valve exterior with broadly rounded apices and attached valvocopula; valve surface covered in anastomosing costae, valve centre depressed; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 96. Anastomosing costae with surface spinules enclosing poroid areolae mostly occluded by cribra with occasional specialised pores (arrow); scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 97. Mantle view of valve with barely raised elevations and attached girdle bands; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 98. Detail large rimmed ocellus, distally inclined, cribra and specialised pore; scale bar = 2 μm. Figs 99–100. Reproduction of Ehrenberg's original drawing of Amphitetras antediluviana (Ec 100, housed in Berlin: http://download.naturkundemuseum-berlin. de/Ehrenberg/Ec%20Drawings/Ec%20draw%20001-999/Ec%20draw%20100-199/Ec%20dr%200100.jpg), the published illustration appearing in Ehrenberg (1854: pl. 19, fig. 19).
FIGURES 91–94 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 91–94. Amphipentas juncta (A. Schmidt) De Toni (Port Shepstone, Natal, South Africa). Fig. 91. Valve exterior tilted with four slightly raised triangular elevations separated from valve face by short costae; valve covered in anastomosing costae, a row of costae linking valve mantle to expanded valve margin; scale bar = 60 μm. Fig. 92. Ocellus with hyaline rim, anastomosing costae enclosing groups of poroid areolae; scale bar = 15 μm. Fig. 93. Anastomosing costae enclosing poroid areolae occluded by cribra and occasional specialised pore (arrow), note openings from three rimoportulae; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 94. Interior with openings from two rimoportulae; scale bar = 5 μm.
FIGURES 87–90 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 87–90. Amphipentas pentacrinus Ehrenberg (Ambrin, New Hebrides [Ambrym, Vanuatu]). Fig. 87. Exterior pentagonal valve with elevations at each pole, an ocellus on summit; valve covered in anastomosing costae with long costae linking elevations to depressed valve centre; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 88. Elevation with distally inclined ocellus on summit, note hyaline valve margin extending beyond valve face, mantle attached by costae to its margin; scale bar = 1 μm. Fig. 89. Openings from rimoportulae situated submarginally equidistant between ocelli, anastomosing costae enclosing several poroid areolae, most occluded by cribra with an occasional specialised pore (arrow); scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 90. Interior with opening from rimoportula, interior openings of cribra and a specialised pore (arrow); scale bar = 1 μm.
FIGURES 81–86 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 81–86. Amphipentas boryana (Pantocsek) De Toni (Castel, Szurdokpüspöki, Hungary). Fig. 81. Reproduction of illustrations for Triceratium boryanum from Pantocsek (1892: pl. 33,fig. 476) (not to scale). Fig. 82. Exterior pentagonal valve with elevations at each angle, a depressed valve centre and regular network of anastomosing costae covering valve face and mantle; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 83. Valve interior with attached girdle band, note openings from rimoportulae positioned at base of valve centre midway between elevations; scale bar = 60 μm. Fig. 84. Ocellus with hyaline rim, mantle merging into expanded hyaline valve margin with raised border; scale bar = 6 μm. Fig. 85. Valve interior with radial rows of poroid areolae and openings from rimoportulae, a slit across a papillus; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 86. Anastomosing costae enclosing a single poroid areola, most occluded by cribra with an occasional specialised pore (arrow); scale bar = 4.3 μm.
FIGURES 72–75 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 72–75. Zygoceros ehrenbergii Sar (St. Petersburg, Virginia, USA). Fig. 72. Reproduction of Ehrenberg's original drawing of Denticella rhombus, the published illustration appearing in Ehrenberg (1839: pl. 4, fig. 11). Fig. 73. LM of holotype specimen (from Sar et al. 2007: fig. 4). Figs 74–75. BM Adams A. 486, strewn slide from St. Petersburg, type locality of Denticella rhombus. Fig. 74. Valve with very narrow apical annulus (sternum) at valve centre, valve length 107 μm, breadth 55 μm. Fig. 75. Valve with well-defined annulus (sternum) at valve centre; length 95 μm, breadth 48 μm.
FIGURES 60–64 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 60–64. Odontella aurita (Lyngbye) C.A. Agardh, (Breskens Creek, Netherlands). Fig. 60. Frustule with broad triangular elevations with ocelli at apices, raised valve centre and indented valve mantle; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 61. Valve face merging into rounded mantle indented at base meeting expanded hyaline valve margin with raised border; valve centre raised with 2 (1 fractured) transapically aligned spines, the openings of rimoportulae, on slopes of central area; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 62. Open girdle bands with hyaline abvalvar margins and vertical rows of poroid areolae; scale bar = 5 μm. Fig. 63. Detail of poroid areolae, mostly occluded by cribra with occasional specialised pore (arrow); scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 64. Valve interior with radial rows of poroid areolae and internal openings of two rimoportulae; scale bar = 10 μm.
FIGURES 76–80 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 76–80. Mastodiscus radiatus (Bailey) A.K.S. Prasad and Nienow (Pensacola, Florida, USA). Fig. 76. Tilted valve exterior with two large opposing rimmed ocelli, rows of poroid areolae radiating from the valve centre and valve mantle with sipho marginalis; scale bar = 38 μm. Fig. 77. Interior openings from rimoportulae lying midway between ocelli; scale bar = 43 μm. Fig. 78. Ocellus with radial rows of porelli within a broad raised hyaline rim; scale bar = 7.5 μm. Fig. 79. Exterior with opening from rimoportula, poroid areolae occluded by vela and an occasional specialised pore (arrow); scale bar = 5 μm. Fig. 80. Interior with opening of rimoportula; scale bar = 5 μm.
FIGURES 65–71 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 65–71. Zygoceros rhombus Ehrenberg (Tampa, Florida). Fig. 65. Valve exterior, short elevations with ocelli at apices and submarginal spines, which are the openings from rimoportulae; scale bar = 20 μm. Fig. 66. Valve interior with radial rows of foramina and submarginal openings of rimoportulae; scale bar = 20 μm. Fig. 67. Exterior with ridged opening from fractured rimoportula, continuous cribrum linked by passage pores and buttressed branched spines covering valve; scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 68. Rimmed ocellus at summit of elevation, narrow hyaline valve margin with raised border; scale bar = 5 μm. Fig. 69. Exterior with barely raised elevations, submarginal rimoportulae opening through spines; scale bar = 20 μm. Fig. 70. Interior with foramina and two openings from rimoportulae; scale bar = 5 μm. Fig. 71. Triangular valve with attached girdle bands, three short elevations with ocellus at summit; scale bar = 20 μm.
FIGURES 56–59 in Examination of type specimens for the genera Odontella and Zygoceros (Bacillariophyceae) with evidence for the new family Odontellaceae and a description of three new genera
FIGURES 56–59. Odontella aurita (Lyngbye) C.A. Agardh (Hofmansgave, Denmark). Fig. 56. Fractured frustule with full set of girdle bands; lower valve with indented valve mantle, broad short elevations at apices, raised valve centre with opposing long spines positioned near summit; scale bar = 20 μm. Fig. 57. Reproduction of plate 62, fig. D for Diatoma auritum from Lyngbye (1819) (not to scale). Fig. 58. Fractured valve with expanded hyaline valve margin with raised border, interior with indented hyaline area between mantle and margin, fracture across poroid areolae and rimmed ocellus at summit of elevation; scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 59. Poroid areolae with two types of occlusions, mostly cribra with an occasional specialised pore (a circle of pores surrounding a hyaline centre, arrow); scale bar = 1 μm.
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