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11 results for “abiotic filtering”
Biotic filtering by species' interactions constrains food-web variability across spatial and abiotic gradients
<p>Despite intensive research on species dissimilarity patterns across communities (i.e. beta-diversity), we still know little about their implications for variation in food-web structures. Our analyses of 50 lake and 48 forest soil communities show that, while species dissimilarity depends on environmental and spatial gradients, these effects are only weakly propagated to the networks. Moreover, our results show that species and food-web dissimilarities are consistently correlated, but that much of the variation in food-web structure across spatial, environmental, and species gradients remains unexplained. Novel food-web assembly models demonstrate the importance of biotic filtering during community assembly by (1) the availability of resources, and (2) limiting similarity in species' interactions to avoid strong niche overlap and thus competitive exclusion. This reveals a strong signature of biotic filtering processes during local community assembly, which constrains the variability in structural food-web patterns across local communities despite substantial turnover in species composition.</p>
Biotic filtering by species’ interactions constrains food-web variability across spatial and abiotic gradients
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Data from: Experimental assessment of biotic and abiotic filters driving community composition
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Data from: Trait-mediated community assembly: distinguishing the signatures of biotic and abiotic filters
Conflicting hypotheses predict how traits mediate species establishment and community assembly. Traits of newly establishing individuals are predicted to converge, or be more similar to the resident, preexisting community, when the biotic or abiotic environment favors a single best phenotype, but are predicted to diverge when trait differences reduce competitive interactions. We tested these competing hypotheses using transplant seedlings in an old-field environment, and assessed the contribution of inter- and intra-specific transplant trait variation to community-level patterns. Using a soil moisture gradient and resident plant removals, we determined when traits of newly-establishing plants converge or diverge from the resident community by calculating community weighted mean traits for transplant and resident communities. We saw evidence of environmentally- and competitively-driven trait shifts that resulted in both trait convergence and divergence from the resident community, whose traits reflect the combined effects of both drivers. Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) of transplants diverged in the presence of competition, whereas plant height and stem-specific density (SSD) showed the opposite pattern, converging with the resident community in their presence. Specific leaf area (SLA) shifted with competition but did not reflect resident community SLA. All transplant traits were influenced by soil moisture, often in an interaction with competition, indicating that the strength of convergence or divergence is contingent on the abiotic environment. Intraspecific differences in transplant traits among treatments were evident in three of four traits; intraspecific height and SLA trends mirrored transplant community-level trends, whereas intraspecific shifts in SSD were distinct from community-level trends. Our study shows competition between plant species may cause traits of newly establishing plants to converge with the resident community, as frequently as it selects for trait divergence. These opposing effects of competition suggest that it plays a pervasive role in both intraspecific and species-level trait differences among communities.
Data from: Spatial variation in the biotic and abiotic filters of oyster recruitment: Implications for restoration
<p>Attempts to restore marine ecosystems are increasing, but the success of projects remains variable. For marine invertebrates, the establishment of self-sustaining populations requires a larval supply as well as conditions that permit recruitment.</p> <p>Abiotic and biotic conditions that determine recruitment can vary across environmental gradients and have opposing or reinforcing effects. We assessed how predation and tidal inundation influence recruitment of the reef-forming oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, at 15 sites, 5 estuaries and 8 degrees of latitude in eastern Australia.</p> <p>Oysters recruited to all 15 sites, but their density displayed spatially variable effects of tidal inundation and caging. Effects of tidal inundation and caging were weakest at the two lower-latitude estuaries where recruitment was low overall, average temperature and turbidity were high and dissolved oxygen low.</p> <p>At higher-latitude estuaries, where abiotic conditions were more favourable for recruitment, recruit density displayed tidal elevation gradients that were dependent on caging and time. Initially, recruit density decreased with tidal inundation (and exposure to finfish predators), in the uncaged but not the caged treatment. However, over time the elevation gradient disappeared, and recruitment and survival of oysters was greater in caged than uncaged treatments irrespective of elevation.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our results suggest that both abiotic (i.e. temperature, turbidity and dissolved oxygen) and biotic (i.e. predation) factors can negatively influence oyster recruitment and, hence, restoration success. Consequently, oyster reef restoration projects should be planned to prioritise sites with low turbidity, high dissolved oxygen and low predation unless these stressors can be mitigated. Restoration projects that are designed with knowledge of local stressors are more likely to be successful.</p>
Data from: Spatial variation in the biotic and abiotic filters of oyster recruitment: Implications for restoration
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Data from: Trait-mediated community assembly: distinguishing the signatures of biotic and abiotic filters
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Mammals on mountainsides revisited: trait-based tests of assembly reveal the importance of abiotic filters
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Tipping the balance: the role of seed density, abiotic filters, and priority effects in seed-based wetland restoration
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_Hlk98319335"></a>Sowing native seeds is a common approach to reintroduce native plants to degraded systems. However, this method is often overlooked in wetland restoration despite the immense global loss of diverse native wetland vegetation. Developing guiding principles for seed-based wetland restoration is critical to maximize native plant recovery, particularly in previously invaded wetlands. Doing so requires a comprehensive understanding of how restoration manipulations, and their interactions, influence wetland plant community assembly. With a focus on the invader <em>Phragmites australis, </em>we established a series of mesocosm experiments to assess how native sowing density, invader propagule pressure, abiotic filters (water and nutrients), and native sowing timing (i.e., priority effects) interact to influence plant community cover and biomass in wetland habitats. Increasing the density of native seeds yielded higher native cover and biomass, but <em>P. australis</em> suppression with increasing sowing densities was minimal. Rather, community outcomes were largely driven by invader propagule pressure—<em>Phragmites australis</em> densities of <span><span>≤ 500 seeds/m<sup>2</sup> maintained high native cover and biomass. Low-water conditions increased the susceptibility of <em>P. australis</em> to native competition. </span>Early sowing of native seeds showed a large and significant benefit to native cover and biomass, regardless of native sowing density, suggesting that priority effects can be an effective restoration manipulation to enhance native plant establishment.<em> </em></span><span><span>Given the urgent wetland restoration need combined with the limited studies on seed-based wetland restoration, these findings provide guidance on restoration manipulations that are grounded in ecological theory to improve seed-based wetland restoration outcomes.</span></span></p>
Tipping the balance: the role of seed density, abiotic filters, and priority effects in seed-based wetland restoration
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Data used in the paper: Topography imposes an abiotic filter on tree growth in a restored area
<p>This repository contains original values of relative growth rates, leaf traits, UTM coordinates, and topography features used in the article " Topography imposes an abiotic filter on tree growth in a restored area ". <em>Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology</em></p> <p>Description of files:</p> <p>(1) "Data_five_individuals.csv": Original values of relative growth rates, leaf traits, and topography features measured for each species in each slope aspect (north and south) in the studied hill. Relative Growth Rates: H.RGR, height; SLD.RGR, soil-level diameter; CS.RGR, canopy size. Leaf traits: SLA, specific leaf area; Car, total carotenoids; Chlab, total chlorophyll; Chlab<em>.</em>Car, total chlorophyll/total carotenoids; Fv.Fm, the maximum quantum yield of PSII; Fv.F0, variable fluorescence to minimum fluorescence; qP, photochemical quenching; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching.</p> <p>(2) "Data_ten_individuals.csv": Original values of relative growth rates, UTM coordinates, and topography features measured for each species in each slope aspect (north and south) in the studied hill. Relative Growth Rates: H.RGR, height; SLD.RGR, soil-level diameter; CS.RGR, canopy size.</p>
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