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8 results for “abrupt transitions”
Text-fig. 11. Acer Post Hammer species 1, UF 279-34456. a, b: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. c: Crowded alternate intervessel pits, TLS. d: Simple perforation plates, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. e: Rays 2–3-seriate, gum deposit in vessel element, TLS. Acer Post Hammer species 2. UF 279-34466. f: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. g: Alternate intervessel pits, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. h: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate, TLS. i: Crystalliferous strand, multiseriate ray, TLS. Trochodendron beckii, UF 279-24558. j, k: Distinct growth rings, abrupt transition from earlywood to latewood, vesselless, wide rays noded at growth ring boundaries, TS. l: Rays of two distinct sizes, uniseriate and multiseriates>10-seriate, TLS. m. Scalariform intertracheary pits. RLS. Scale bars: 500 µm in j; 200 µm in a, f, k, l; 100 µm in b, h; 50 µm in c, d, e, g, i, m. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 11. Acer Post Hammer species 1, UF 279-34456. a, b: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. c: Crowded alternate intervessel pits, TLS. d: Simple perforation plates, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. e: Rays 2–3-seriate, gum deposit in vessel element, TLS. Acer Post Hammer species 2. UF 279-34466. f: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. g: Alternate intervessel pits, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. h: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate, TLS. i: Crystalliferous strand, multiseriate ray, TLS. Trochodendron beckii, UF 279-24558. j, k: Distinct growth rings, abrupt transition from earlywood to latewood, vesselless, wide rays noded at growth ring boundaries, TS. l: Rays of two distinct sizes, uniseriate and multiseriates>10-seriate, TLS. m. Scalariform intertracheary pits. RLS. Scale bars: 500 µm in j; 200 µm in a, f, k, l; 100 µm in b, h; 50 µm in c, d, e, g, i, m.
Multigenerational backcrossing and introgression between two woodrat species at an abrupt ecological transition
<p>When organisms experience secondary contact after allopatric divergence, genomic regions can introgress differentially depending on their relationships with adaptation, reproductive isolation, recombination, and drift. Analyses of genome-wide patterns of divergence and introgression could provide insight into the outcomes of hybridization and the potential relationship between allopatric divergence and reproductive isolation. Here, we generate population genetic data (26,262 SNPs; 353 individuals) using a reduced-representation sequencing approach to quantify patterns of ancestry, differentiation, and introgression between a pair of ecologically distinct mammals – the desert woodrat (<i>N. lepida</i>) and Bryant's woodrat (<i>N. bryanti</i>) – that hybridize at a sharp ecotone in southern California. Individual ancestry estimates confirmed that hybrids were rare in this bimodal hybrid zone, and entirely consisted of a few F<sub>1</sub> individuals and a broad range of multigenerational backcrosses. Genomic cline analyses indicated more than half of loci had elevated introgression from one genomic background into the other. However, introgression was not associated with relative or absolute measures of divergence, and loci with extreme values for both were not typically found near detoxification enzymes previously implicated in dietary specialization for woodrats. The decoupling of differentiation and introgression suggests that processes other than adaptation, such as drift, may underlie the extreme clines at this contact zone.</p>
Critical transitions and evolutionary hysteresis in movement: Habitat fragmentation can cause abrupt shifts in dispersal that are difficult to revert
<p>Under habitat fragmentation, plant species' survival hinges on the ability of individuals to disperse from one habitat patch to another. While there is evidence that severe habitat fragmentation leads to evolution of reduced dispersal ability and that such decreased mobility is generally detrimental for species' survival, it is unknown whether species adapt via a gradual loss in dispersal ability or via a sudden shift from frequent to infrequent dispersal between patches (i.e., a critical transition). Using both a spatially explicit deterministic and individual-based stochastic model of hydrochorous seed dispersal, we show that a small increase in inter-patch distance can generate an abrupt shift in plant seed dispersal strategy from long to short distances. Most importantly, we found that a substantial increase in connectivity between habitat fragments is required to reverse this loss of long-distance dispersal, due to an evolutionary hysteresis effect. Our theory prompts for re-consideration of the eco-evolutionary consequences of habitat fragmentation as restoring habitat connectivity may require restoration of much higher connectivity levels than currently assumed.</p>
Multigenerational backcrossing and introgression between two woodrat species at an abrupt ecological transition
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Data from: Rising variability, not slowing down, as a leading indicator of a stochastically driven abrupt transition in a dryland ecosystem
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Critical transitions and evolutionary hysteresis in movement: Habitat fragmentation can cause abrupt shifts in dispersal that are difficult to revert
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Data for "Abrupt transitions in an atmospheric single-column model with weak temperature gradient approximation"
<p>These are the main output files for the experiment studied in the paper "Abrupt transitions in a single-column model with weak temperature gradient approximation". File names and descriptions are as follows:</p> <ol> <li>hysteresis.mat: A MATLAB file that contains WRF output from the hysteresis test used to create Figure 5 of the paper. The variable names should be straightforward to someone familiar with WRF. (Full WRF output was not saved for these runs.)</li> <li>input_soil: surface initial conditions for WRF SCM, same for all experiments</li> <li>input_sounding: initial sounding, same for all experiments</li> <li>main_fls1: a WTG SST-ramping experiment showing <span class="math-tex">\(f_{\rm LS}\to 1\)</span> as described in the paper.</li> <li>main_rce_ramp: a SST-ramping experiment without the weak temperature gradient approximation</li> <li>namelist.input.rce: the namelist input file for the "rce_run" experiment</li> <li>namelist.input.wtg: the namelist input files for the "wtg_ramp_run1" experiment</li> <li>rce_run: the main RCE experiment used to create the background WTG profile for the wtg_ramp_run1 experiment and the wtg_noramp experiment</li> <li>wtg_noramp: a 180-day experiment with WTG but no ramping, for comparison</li> <li>wtg_ramp_run1: the main WTG ramping experiment showing the abrupt transitions</li> </ol> <p> </p>
Data for "Abrupt transitions in an atmospheric single-column model with weak temperature gradient approximation"
<p>These are the main output files for the experiment studied in the paper "Abrupt transitions in a single-column model with weak temperature gradient approximation". File names and descriptions are as follows:</p> <ol> <li>hysteresis.mat: A MATLAB file that contains WRF output from the hysteresis test used to create Figure 5 of the paper. The variable names should be straightforward to someone familiar with WRF. (Full WRF output was not saved for these runs.)</li> <li>input_soil: surface initial conditions for WRF SCM, same for all experiments</li> <li>input_sounding: initial sounding, same for all experiments</li> <li>main_fls1: a WTG SST-ramping experiment showing fLS→1 as described in the paper.</li> <li>main_rce_ramp: a SST-ramping experiment without the weak temperature gradient approximation</li> <li>namelist.input.rce: the namelist input file for the "rce_run" experiment</li> <li>namelist.input.wtg: the namelist input files for the "wtg_ramp_run1" experiment</li> <li>rce_run: the main RCE experiment used to create the background WTG profile for the wtg_ramp_run1 experiment and the wtg_noramp experiment</li> <li>wtg_noramp: a 180-day experiment with WTG but no ramping, for comparison</li> <li>wtg_ramp_run1: the main WTG ramping experiment showing the abrupt transitions</li> </ol>
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