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782 results for “abyss”
Data from: Coastal upwelling drives ecosystem temporal variability from the surface to the abyssal seafloor.
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Long-term biological time series that monitor ecosystems across the ocean’s full water column are extremely rare. As a result, classic paradigms have yet to be tested. One such paradigm is that variations in coastal upwelling drive changes in marine ecosystems throughout the water column. We examine this hypothesis by using data from three multi-decadal time series spanning surface (0 m), midwater (200-1000 m), and benthic (~ 4000 m) habitats in the central California Current Upwelling System. Data include microscopic counts of surface plankton, video quantification of midwater animals, and imaging of benthic seafloor invertebrates. Taxon-specific plankton biomass and midwater and benthic animal densities were separately analyzed with principal component analysis. Within each community, the first mode of variability corresponds to most taxa increasing and decreasing over time, capturing seasonal surface blooms and lower-frequency midwater and benthic variability. When compared to local wind-driven upwelling variability, each community correlates to changes in upwelling damped over distinct timescales. This suggests that periods of high upwelling favor increases in organism biomass or density from the surface ocean through the midwater down to the abyssal seafloor. These connections most likely occur directly via changes in primary production and vertical carbon flux, and to a lesser extent indirectly via other oceanic changes. The timescales over which species respond to upwelling are taxon-specific and are likely linked to the longevity of phytoplankton blooms (surface) and of animal life (midwater and benthos), that dictate how long upwelling-driven changes persist within each community.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data set description</strong></p> <p>This data set includes 3 files, one for each community. The files contain plankton biomass (for the surface community) or animal density (for midwater and benthos communities) as a function of sampling time and taxonomic group. </p> <ul> <li>surface.csv: autotrophic and heterotrophic surface plankton sampled in Monterey Bay by CTD-rosette and analyzed by epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry</li> <li>midwater.csv: midwater animals observed by ROV in the Monterey Bay mesopelagic zone from 200-1000m</li> <li>benthos.csv: benthic animals observed by ROV in a ~ 4000 m abyssal seafloor habitat at the base of the Monterey deep-sea fan</li> </ul> <p><strong>Detailed description </strong>(see additional details and references in <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2214567120">Messié et al., 2023</a>):</p> <p><strong>Surface time series:</strong> Plankton biomass was estimated from surface plankton counts collected using ship-based CTD-rosette at station M1 in Monterey Bay (122.022°W, 36.747°N). This station is part of a 3-station time series program operating in Monterey Bay since 1989 at 3-4 week intervals. Epifluorescence microscopy was used to enumerate and size auto- and heterotrophic plankton. Starting in 1998, flow cytometry samples provided more precise numbers for <em>Synechococcus</em> and eukaryotic picoplankton (<em>Prochlorococcus</em> was not included as no information is available prior to 1998). Standard geometric equations (e.g., ellipsoid, sphere, cylinder, pennate diatom shape) were used to calculate biovolumes of individual cells, and biomass of each plankton group was assessed using biovolume-based carbon conversions. For picoplankton an average value per cell was used: 82 fgC cell<sup>-1</sup> for <em>Synechococcus</em> and 530 fgC cell<sup>-1</sup> for eukaryotic picophytoplankton (red fluorescing picoplankton). Diatom biovolumes were converted to biomass using log<sub>10</sub>(Biomass) = 0.76 log<sub>10</sub>(Volume) - 0.29 where Biomass is in gC and Volume is in 𝜇m<sup>3</sup>. The ciliate conversion was Biomass = 0.08 * Volume. For all other plankton we used log<sub>10</sub>(Biomass) = 0.94 log<sub>10</sub>(Volume) - 0.6.</p> <p><strong>Midwater time series: </strong>Quantitative mesopelagic video transects were conducted at a single station in Monterey Bay (Midwater 1, 36°42′N, 122°02′W). The station is located over the axis of the Monterey Submarine Canyon, where the water column is approximately 1600 m deep. Data were collected using remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). Estimates of animal densities using ROV imaging underestimate some groups (notably fishes), but provide a more complete view of life in the ocean than traditional methods such as nets and acoustics, particularly for gelatinous animals. The ROVs conducted horizontal video transects while moving at about 0.5 m s<sup>-1</sup> for 10 min. Data for this paper come from approximately monthly transects made at 100 m intervals between 200 - 1000 m from 1997-2017. These years were chosen because the entire mesopelagic water column was more evenly surveyed than in the years prior. In each transect, the community of animals was annotated by professional annotators using the open-source Video Annotation and Referencing System (VARS) software. Annotators identified organisms in transect video to the lowest taxon possible; in many cases to species. We selected 63 taxonomic groups defined at the highest possible taxonomic resolution; annotations not included represent 31% of the total (84% of which are euphausiids, chaetognaths, and unidentified appendicularians). Calibrated cameras on MBARI ROVs and accurate measurement of ROV speed through water, allow for the calculation of volume for each transect. Animal density was calculated for each taxonomic group and each depth-specific transect as the number of individuals divided by the corresponding transect volume, further averaged over the water column from 200 - 1000 m. Midwater transecting methods and their efficacy are well-documented.</p> <p><strong>Benthic time series: </strong>Two comparable methods were used to assess benthic communities at Station M (34°50′N, 123°00′W). From 1989-2005, the identification to the lowest possible taxon, and quantity of benthic animals were recorded from images taken by a camera-sled towed along a horizontal transect above the sea floor at a speed of approximately 1 m s<sup>-1</sup>, taking a film image every 4-5 seconds (water depth ~ 4,100 m). The developed film was projected by a Beseler model 23C-II enlarger for annotation of identifiable animals in images. From 2006-2018, benthic communities were assessed using ROV video transects recorded from approximately 1.3 m above the sea floor, with a view of approximately 1 m wide, and length typically approximately 1 km. Water depth for these transects was approximately 4,000 m, the lower depth limit of the ROV. Animals visible in the video were identified and annotated using VARS. The 2006 change in sampling method and in time series location and depth was found to have little impact on the megafauna time series. </p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group M3.3 Abyssal plains
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>M3.3 Abyssal plains</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Sampled and simulated benthic invertebrate body-mass data from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (4850 m, 48.83° N 16.50 °W, NE Atlantic)
<p>A dataset of sampled and simulated benthic invertebrate body-mass data from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (4850 m, 48.83° N 16.50 °W, NE Atlantic) has been produced. It includes data on macro- and megabenthos derived from a randomly sampled power law distribution, seabed core samples, large-scale seabed photography, and seabed trawls.</p>
SWIR abyssal peridotites EBSD and microprobe datasets
<p>The crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of olivine, pyroxenes, spinel, and amphibole was measured in 17 selected samples using a JEOL JSM 5600 at the Geosciences Montpellier EBSD facility, with 17 kV acceleration voltage and 24 mm working distance. For each thin section, CPO maps covered areas of 4 to 13 cm<sup>2</sup> with a grid step of 15 or 35 µm, depending on olivine minimum grain size. Because of the large size of olivine porphyroclasts in most samples, CPO were measured on several thin sections and then combined. Higher-resolution CPO maps (grid step 0.5 to 10 µm depending on the dominant grain size) of fine-grained zones were also obtained for 7 samples using the CamScan Crystal Probe X500-FEG SEM, also at the Geosciences Montpellier EBSD facility. Post-acquisition treatment consisted in deleting wild spikes and filling non-indexed pixels with ≥ 6 neighbors with coherent orientations with their average orientation. </p> <p>In situ major element concentrations of amphiboles were measured using a Cameca SX-100 electron microprobe (CAMPARIS service, Paris). The accelerating voltage was fixed at 15 kV and beam current at 10 nA. The spot size was 1μm. Counting times were 10 s. Compositions are presented in TableS3.</p>
Multi-channel seismic reflection profiles SALTFLU (Salt deformation and sub-salt fluid circulation in the Algero-Balearic abyssal plain) - Pre-Stack Kirchhoff Time & Depth Migration 2022
<p>This archive contains sections of reprocessed multi-channel seismic reflection profiles SALTFLU, acquired south of Ibiza (Spain) in 2012 with the OGS Explora (pre-stack Kirchhoff time and depth stacks, and migration velocities in SEG-Y format). It also contains the cruise report describing the survey acquisition in 2012. Connected articles describe the processing flow applied to this dataset and interpretations led by the first author. </p> <p>Field File Identification and Shot Numbers (FFID, SHOTNO) are linearly interpolated by matching the CMP numbers before and after migration. Bytes 73-76 and 77-80 are identical to bytes 181-184 and 185-188 and contain the CMP coordinates.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Supporting Data for "Identifying the Origins of Nanoplastics in the Abyssal South Atlantic Using Backtracking Lagrangian Simulations with Fragmentation"
<p>Supporting Data for "Identifying the Origins of Nanoplastics in the Abyssal South Atlantic Using Backtracking Lagrangian Simulations with Fragmentation", published in the Ocean and Coastal Research Journal. The repository consists of the code used for the simulations and analysis, and the supplementary information document associated with the main manuscript, the Lagrangian simulation outputs and aditional data used for the analysis.</p>
Abyssal NE Pacific Seafloor Megafauna Dataset
<p>Benthic megafauna invertebrate (animals > 10 mm) observations from seabed imagery data collected across the Clarion Clipperton Zone, in the NE Pacific abyss: 53512 specimens classified in 400+ morphotypes (13 Phyla) based on the APSMA catalogue (see <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7765164">https://zenodo.org/record/7765164</a>).</p> <p>Dataset used to develop (please cite as): Simon-Lledó, et al. (2023). Carbonate compensation depth drives abyssal biogeography in the northeast Pacific. <em>Nature Ecology & Evolution</em>; doi:10.1038/s41559-023-02122-9</p>
Fig. 7 in Thoridae (Crustacea: Decapoda) can penetrate the Abyss: a new species of Lebbeus from the Sea of Okhotsk, representing the deepest record of the family
Fig. 7. Phylogenetic relationships within Thoridae (Hippolyte Leach, 1814 as outgroup) based on COI mtDNA gene markers. Bootstrap support (> 50%) is shown by the numbers along the branches (BA/ML analysis). Line thickness is also correlated with support values.
Fig. 4 in Thoridae (Crustacea: Decapoda) can penetrate the Abyss: a new species of Lebbeus from the Sea of Okhotsk, representing the deepest record of the family
Fig. 4. Lebbeus sokhobio sp. nov., ♀ from st. 4-3 (paratype, ZMMU Ma6097) (A–H, J–K, M) and ♂ from st. 4-9 (paratype, SMF 51579) (I, L). A. Basal segments of pereiopods I–III. B. Maxilliped III. C. Antepenultimate segment of maxilliped III. D. Pereiopod I. E. Chela of pereiopod I. F. Proximal segments of pereiopod I. G. Pereiopod II. H. Pereiopod III. I. Merus of pereiopod III. J. Dactylus of pereiopod III. K. Pereiopod IV. L. Merus of pereiopod IV. M. Pereiopod V.
Fig. 2 in Thoridae (Crustacea: Decapoda) can penetrate the Abyss: a new species of Lebbeus from the Sea of Okhotsk, representing the deepest record of the family
Fig. 2. Lebbeus sokhobio sp. nov., general view, ♀ from st. 4-3 (paratype, ZMMU Ma6097) and ♂ from st. 4-9 (paratype, SMF 51579).
Fig. 3 in Thoridae (Crustacea: Decapoda) can penetrate the Abyss: a new species of Lebbeus from the Sea of Okhotsk, representing the deepest record of the family
Fig. 3. Lebbeus sokhobio sp. nov., ♀ from st. 4-3 (paratype, ZMMU Ma6097) (A–I) and ♂ from st. 4-10 (paratype, MIMB 39426) (J–K). A–B. Anterior part of carapace. C. Abdominal pleonites IV–V, lateral view. D–E. Antennula. F. Antenna. G. Telson and uropods. H. Distal margin of telson. I. Distolateral margin of exopod. J. Endopod of pleopod I. K. Endopod of pleopod II.
Bacterial and archaeal communities in the abyssal Clarion-Clipperton Zone: spatial synthesis results
<p>Datasets associated with a manuscript synthesizing previously published results and a new dataset on bacterial and archaeal community composition from the abyssal Clarion-Clipperton Zone, including communities from deep seawater, sediments, and polymetallic nodules.</p>
FIG. 5 in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)
FIG. 5. — Incurrent siphonal opening of Xylophaga alexisi n. sp., SEM. Note absence of cirri. Scale bar: 30 µm.
FIG. 4 in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)
FIG. 4. — Excurrent siphonal opening of Xylophaga alexisi n. sp., SEM: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 10 µm; B, 100 µm.
FIG. 2. — A in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)
FIG. 2. — A, lateral view of an intact specimen of Xylophaga alexisi n. sp.; B, dorsal view of intact, larger specimen of X. alexisi n. sp. (note anteriorly directed mesoplax); C, dorsal view of smaller specimen of X. alexisi n. sp., mesoplax in erect stage, not readily seen from dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIG. 1. — A in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)
FIG. 1. — A, collection locality of Xylophaga alexisi n. sp. at 21°N, 30°W; R, collection locality of Xylophaga ricei Harvey, 1996 at 31°N, 20°W. (From Ryan et al. 2009, modified by Y. Lagabrielle.)
FIG. 6. — A, Xylophaga alexisi n in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)
FIG. 6. — A, Xylophaga alexisi n. sp., lateral view to define "incomplete siphon" in which the excurrent siphon is considerably shorter than the incurrent siphon; B, Xylophaga pacifica Voight, 2009, lateral view to define "complete siphon", in which both siphonal openings are roughly equal in length. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 10 in Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Figure 10. Maximum-likelihood tree of Weddell Sea gromiids (shaded boxes), Arabian Sea gromiids (Aranda da Silva et al., 2006), and Gromia oviformis from shallow-water localities (Burki et al., 2002), based on partial small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences. The numbers at the nodes represent the percentage of bootstrap support,> 50%. Weddell Sea gromiids are grouped into three distinct clades (A, B, and C).
Figure 3 in Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Figure 3. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. A, B, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of wall consisting of multiple layers. C, transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of 'honeycomb membrane' layer. D, detail of (C).
Figure 4 in Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Figure 4. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. A, oral capsule (the arrow indicates the direction of the photograph sequence shown in panels Ci–Civ). B, perforations of the test surface. Ci–Civ, sequence of photographs over a distance of 250 Mm showing test pores (each pore is highlighted by a white circle), with the number of pores increasing with increasing distance from the aperture (from left to right); 4000¥ magnification. D, E, interior of broken specimen showing stercomata and other structures.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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