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6 results for “acaulescent”
Acaulescence promotes speciation and shapes the distribution patterns of palms in Neotropical seasonally dry habitats
<p>Rainforests have been a source of lineages to open and seasonally dry habitats throughout Angiosperm evolution, especially in the Neotropics. However, the underlying mechanisms that allow such shifts remain poorly understood at large spatial scales. Here, we test whether acaulescence (an underground stem or a very short stem concealed in the ground) has affected the colonization and speciation in Neotropical seasonally dry habitats by <span>cocosoid palms</span> (Cocoseae). Acaulescent species maintain their growth underground, which increases their chances of survival from prolonged seasonal dry season and frequent fires. We use an integrative approach based on trait‐dependent diversification models, phylogenetic comparative methods, and ecological niche models. We found that shifts towards acaulescent growth form were accompanied by evolutionary transitions to seasonally dry habitats. Acaulescent lineages had higher speciation rates than non-acaulescent ones.<i> </i>However, the interaction between acaulescence and seasonally dry habitats had no significant effect on Cocoseae speciation rates. Acaulescent palms are primarily distributed in Neotropical seasonally dry habitats and non-acaulescent palms are concentrated in Amazonian rainforests. Our results suggest that an underground stem, with high carbohydrate and water storage capacity, is a preadaptation by which rainforest lineages were able to colonize and diversify in new fire-prone, increasingly seasonal and drier adaptive zones. The projected global expansion of dry seasonal habitats requires an understanding of how drought-avoidance functional traits evolve and how they are linked to seasonally dry habitats. Our results are, thus, a step forward in determining plant response mechanisms to drier and seasonal conditions.</p>
Acaulescence promotes speciation and shapes the distribution patterns of palms in Neotropical seasonally dry habitats
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FIGURE 2 in The acaulescent rosette species of Lupinus L. (Fabaceae) of Colombia and Ecuador including a new species from Colombia
FIGURE 2. Lupinus luisanae Contreras-Ortiz & Jara var. luisanae. A. Detail of inflorescence. B. Habit, Páramo de Pisba. C. Habit, Sierra Nevada del Cocuy. Lupinus luisanae var. ocentesis Contreras-Ortiz & Jara. D. Detail of inflorescence. E. Habit, Páramo de Ocetá. F. Detail of leaf, scale bar 3 cm. Photographs A and B, Astrid Caro; C–F, Natalia Contreras.
FIGURE 1 in The acaulescent rosette species of Lupinus L. (Fabaceae) of Colombia and Ecuador including a new species from Colombia
FIGURE 1. Map of the distribution of the acaulescent rosette species of Lupinus from Colombia and Ecuador. Data points are georeferenced herbarium specimen records.
FIGURE 4 in The acaulescent rosette species of Lupinus L. (Fabaceae) of Colombia and Ecuador including a new species from Colombia
FIGURE 4. Type illustrations, made by M. Joseph de Jussieu, of L. alopecuroides housed at the Muséum National d′Histoire Naturelle in Paris. Handwritten inscriptions in the bottom left corner in both illustrations: "Dessin de M. Joseph de Jussieu fait au Pérou" (Drawing of M. Joseph de Jussieu prepared in Peru); Note "Dict" refers to the Lamarck's Encyclopédie Méthodique (vol. 3 has the title Dictionnaire encyclopédique de botanique) where the protologue of L. alopecuroides was published in 1792, "DC. ps. 2. 409. h. 22" refers to the Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis by De Candolle, v.2, page 409, item 22, year 1825.
FIGURE 3 in The acaulescent rosette species of Lupinus L. (Fabaceae) of Colombia and Ecuador including a new species from Colombia
FIGURE 3. Lupinus luisanae Contreras-Ortiz & Jara. A. Habit. B. Leaf. C. Inflorescence. D. Pod. E. Calyx. F. Standard petal, inner surface. G. Wing petal. H. Staminal tube (note the dimorphic anthers) and gynoecium. I. Keel petal. A–I. Illustration by Omar Bernal based on N. Contreras-Ortiz, A. Ortiz & L. Contreras 59, A. M. Caro-Roa, Caro-Forero, J.H. & Torres G. 3064 and N. Contreras-Ortiz, A. Ortiz & L. Contreras 58.
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