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13 results for “acid mine drainage”
Fig. 10 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment
Fig. 10. Bar graphs showing the ratio of life stages and sexes in each sample. A- Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pseudolaeviconchus Moravec and van As, 2015. B- Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (Baylis, 1923). Prevalence of each group in each month is given in the line graphs. F = female, M = male, L = larvae, US = unknown sex.
Fig. 8 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment
Fig. 8. Lateral view of isolated buccal capsules of Paracamallanus specimens, morphotypes A and B. (i). Brightfield. (ii). Epifluorescence [Filter-set 09 (Ex. 470/40)]. (iii). SEM. 1 = anterior part of posterior capsule; 2 = posterior part of posterior capsule; t = trident; ellipse = elliptical shape of capsule; rectangle = rectangular shape of capsule.
Fig. 9 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment
Fig. 9. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) of Paracamallanus morphometry collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). A- PCA using morphometric ratios for both males and females. B- PCA using buccal capsule ratios for both males and females. Each parasite is indicated as a dot, with the fill, shape and colour corresponding to morphotype and lineage (refer to key). F = female; M = male.
Fig. 5 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment
Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of male Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (Baylis, 1923) from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). A-posterior end, ventrolateral view, arrows show precloacal papillae; Bposterior end, ventral view, solid arrow shows right spicule, dashed arrow shows pair of adcloacal papillae, double arrows show postcloacal papillae; Cisolated right spicule, ventrolateral view, arrow shows shaft; D-right spicule tip, dorsal view; E– right spicule tip, ventral view, arrow shows ventral barb; Fisolated left spicule.
Fig. 3 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment
Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pseudolaeviconchus Moravec and van As, 2015 from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). A-postequatorial region of female, vulva, ventral view; B- vulva, lateral view, arrows show lips; C- first-stage larva exiting vulva; D-posterior end of male, ventral view, solid arrows show pre-cloacal papillae, dashed arrows show post-cloacal papillae, circles show adcloacal papillae; D(i)- pedunculate papilla; E– isolated right spicule, lateral view, solid arrow shows shaft, dashed arrow shows spicule tip; E (i)- right spicule tip, arrow shows velum; F- posterior end of male, ventrolateral view, arrow shows right spicule; G-isolated left spicule, lateral view; G(i)- left spicule tip, arrow shows velum.
Fig. 2 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment
Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pseudolaeviconchus Moravec and van As, 2015 from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). A-anterior end, lateral view; B- anterior end, apical view, solid arrow shows smooth peribuccal flange, dashed arrow shows marginal elevation; Cisolated buccal capsule, lateral view, arrow shows oesophagus; D-isolated buccal capsule, apical view, solid arrows show marginal elevations; E– buccal capsule interior, apical view, dashed arrow shows narrow ring, solid arrow shows basal ring; F- microdissected buccal capsule, lateral view, dashed arrow shows narrow ring, solid arrow shows basal ring; Ganterior region, lateral view, arrow shows excretory pore; G(i)- excretory pore, lateral view; H- lateral deirid, lateral view; I- lateral deirid, apical view. a = amphid; s = submedian papilla.
Fig. 7 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment
Fig. 7. Phylogram of Camallanidae based on CO1 mtDNA, with Spirocerca lupi (Rudolphi, 1809) as the outgroup. Procamallanus data and Paracamallanus lineage one (LI1) and two (LI2) from the present study are indicated in purple, orange and green, respectively. Nodal support presented for Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood approaches (BI/ML), with support lower than 0.75/75% excluded and support above 0.9/90% indicated by an asterisk (*).
Fig. 6 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment
Fig. 6. Phylogram of Camallanidae based on 18S rDNA, with Spirocerca lupi (Rudolphi, 1809) as the outgroup. Procamallanus and Paracamallanus data from the present study are indicated in purple and orange, respectively. Nodal support presented for Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood approaches (BI/ML), with support lower than 0.75/75% excluded and support above 0.9/90% indicated by an asterisk (*).
Fig. 4 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment
Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (Baylis, 1923) from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). A-anterior end, apical view; B- anterior end, apical view, arrow shows oesophagus; C- isolated buccal capsule, lateral view, arrow shows oesophagus; C(i)- isolated buccal capsule, lateral view, double arrow shows isthmus; D-microdissected anterior buccal capsule, ventral view of longitudinal ridges. E- lateral view of deirid; F, G, G(i)- posterior end of female, apical view, digit-like processes. a = amphid; s = submedian papilla; sc = sclerotised plate; t = trident; 1 = anterior buccal capsule; 2 = anterior part of posterior buccal capsule; 3 = posterior part of buccal capsule.
Fig. 1. Maps indicating the sampling locality within South Africa. A in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment
Fig. 1. Maps indicating the sampling locality within South Africa. A- Map of Africa. B- Map of South Africa; red square highlighting area of interest. C- Map of Crocodile River flowing from Lake Heritage (sampling site) to Hartbeespoort Dam further downstream.
Changes in stream food web structure across a gradient of acid mine drainage increases local community stability
<p>Understanding what makes food webs stable has long been a goal of ecologists. Topological structure and the distribution and magnitude of interaction strengths in food webs have been shown to confer important stabilizing properties. However, our understanding of how variable species interactions affect food web structure and stability is still in its infancy. Anthropogenic stress, such as acid mine drainage, is likely to place severe limitations on the food web structures possible due to changes in community composition and body mass distributions. Here, we used mechanistic models to infer food web structure and quantify stability in streams across a gradient of acid mine drainage. Multiple food webs were iterated for each community based on species pairwise interaction probabilities, in order to incorporate the variability of realistic food web structure. We found that food web structure was altered systematically with a 32-fold decrease in the number of links and a 2-fold increase in connectance across the gradient. Stability generally increased 6-fold with increasing acid mine drainage stress, regardless of how interaction strengths were estimated. However, the distribution of the stability measure, s, for some impacted communities separated into clusters of higher and lower magnitude depending on how interaction strengths were estimated. Management and restoration of impacted sites needs to consider their increased stability, as this may have important implications for the re-colonization of desirable species. Furthermore, active species introductions may be required to overcome the internal ecological inertia of affected communities.</p>
Changes in stream food web structure across a gradient of acid mine drainage increases local community stability
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Microarray-based Characterization of Microbial Community Functional Structure and Heterogeneity Associated with Acid Mine Drainages
GEO Series GSE27542. unidentified microorganism. 9 samples. Type: Other.
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