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1,922 results for “acute effects”
Dataset used for: Effectiveness of Acute Malnutrition Treatment at Health Center and Community Level with a Simplified, Combined Protocol in Mali: An Observational Cohort Study
<p>This dataset contains the variables used in the analysis of the body composition and outcomes of the Acute Malnutrition Treatment at Health Center and Community Level with a Simplified, Combined Protocol in Mali pilot study, from December 2018 to December 2021</p>
The effect of Israeli acute paralysis infection on honey bee brood care behavior
<p>To protect themselves from communicable diseases, social insects utilize social immunity—behavioral, phsyiological, and organizational means to combat disease transmission and severity. Within a honey bee colony, larvae are visited thousands of times by nurse bees, representing a prime environment for pathogen transmission. We investigated a potential social immune response to Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) infection in brood care, testing the hypotheses that bees will respond with behaviors that result in reduced brood care, or that infection results in elevated brood care as a virus-driven mechanism to increase transmission. We tested for group-level effects by comparing three different social environments in which 0%, 50%, or 100% of bees were experimentally infected with IAPV. We investigated individual-level effects by comparing exposed bees to unexposed bees within the mixed-exposure treatment group. We found no evidence for a social immune response at the group level; however, individually, exposed bees interacted with the larva more frequently than their unexposed nestmates. While this could increase virus transmission from adults to larvae, it could also represent a hygienic response to increase grooming when an infection is detected. Together, our findings underline the complexity of disease dynamics in complex social animal systems.</p>
Annexes to the external scientific report on the cumulative dietary exposure assessment of pesticides that have acute effects on the nervous system using MCRA software - Input and output data sets
<p>Retrospective dietary exposure assessments were conducted for two groups of pesticides that have acute effects on the nervous system: </p> <ol> <li>brain and/or erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibition (CAG-NAN);</li> <li>functional alterations of the motor division (CAG-NAM).</li> </ol> <p>The pesticides considered in this assessment were identified and characterised in the scientific report on the establishment of cumulative assessment groups of pesticides for their effects on the nervous system (<a href="https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5800">here</a>).</p> <p>The exposure calculations used monitoring data collected by Member States under their official pesticide monitoring programmes in 2014, 2015 and 2016 and individual food consumption data from ten populations of consumers from different countries and from different age groups. Regarding the selection of relevant food commodities, the assessment included water, foods for infants and young children and 30 raw primary commodities of plant origin that are widely consumed within Europe.</p> <p>Exposure estimates were obtained with Monte Carlo Risk Assessment (MCRA) software using a 2-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation, which is composed of an inner-loop execution and an outer-loop execution. Variability within the population is modelled through the inner-loop execution and is expressed as a percentile of the exposure distribution. The outer-loop execution is used to derive 95% confidence intervals around those percentiles (reflecting the sampling uncertainty of the input data).</p> <p>Furthermore, calculations were carried out according to a tiered approach. While the first-tier calculations (Tier I) use very conservative assumptions for an efficient screening of the exposure with low risk for underestimation, the second-tier assessment (Tier II) includes assumptions that are more refined but still conservative. For each scenario, exposure estimates were obtained for different percentiles of the exposure distribution and the total margin of exposure (MOET, i.e. the ratio of the toxicological reference dose to the estimated exposure) was calculated at each percentile.</p> <p>The input and output data for the exposure assessment are reported in the following annexes:</p> <ul> <li>Annex A.1 – Input data for the exposure assessment of CAG-NAN</li> <li>Annex A.2 – Input data for the exposure assessment of CAG-NAM</li> <li>Annex B.1 – Output data from the Tier II exposure assessment of CAG-NAN</li> <li>Annex B.2 – Output data from the Tier II exposure assessment of CAG-NAM</li> </ul> <p>Further information on the data, methodologies and interpretation of the results are provided in the external scientific report on the cumulative dietary exposure assessment of pesticides that have acute effects on the nervous system using MCRA software (<a href="https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.en-1708">here</a>).</p> <p>The results reported in this assessment only refer to the exposure and are not an estimation of the actual risks. These exposure estimates should therefore be considered as documentation for the final scientific report on the cumulative risk assessment of dietary exposure to pesticides for their effects on the nervous system (<a href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/consultations/call/public-consultation-scientific-report-cumulative">here</a>). The latter combines the hazard assessment and exposure assessment into a consolidated risk characterisation, including all related uncertainties.</p>
Annexes to the scientific report on the cumulative dietary exposure assessment of pesticides that have acute effects on the nervous system using SAS® software - Input and output data sets
<p>Retrospective dietary exposure assessments were conducted for two groups of pesticides that have acute effects on the nervous system: </p> <ol> <li>brain and/or erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibition (CAG-NAN);</li> <li>functional alterations of the motor division (CAG-NAM).</li> </ol> <p>The pesticides considered in this assessment were identified and characterised in the scientific report on the establishment of cumulative assessment groups of pesticides for their effects on the nervous system (<a href="https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5800">here</a>).</p> <p>The exposure calculations used monitoring data collected by Member States under their official pesticide monitoring programmes in 2014, 2015 and 2016 and individual food consumption data from ten populations of consumers from different countries and from different age groups. Regarding the selection of relevant food commodities, the assessment included water, foods for infants and young children and 30 raw primary commodities of plant origin that are widely consumed within Europe.</p> <p>Exposure estimates were obtained with SAS<sup>®</sup> software using a 2-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation, which is composed of an inner-loop execution and an outer-loop execution. Variability within the population is modelled through the inner-loop execution and is expressed as a percentile of the exposure distribution. The outer-loop execution is used to derive 95% confidence intervals around those percentiles (reflecting the sampling uncertainty of the input data).</p> <p>Furthermore, calculations were carried out according to a tiered approach. While the first-tier calculations (Tier I) use very conservative assumptions for an efficient screening of the exposure with low risk for underestimation, the second-tier assessment (Tier II) includes assumptions that are more refined but still conservative. For each scenario, exposure estimates were obtained for different percentiles of the exposure distribution and the total margin of exposure (MOET, i.e. the ratio of the toxicological reference dose to the estimated exposure) was calculated at each percentile.</p> <p>The input and output data for the exposure assessment are reported in the following annexes:</p> <ul> <li>Annex A.1 – Input data for the exposure assessment of CAG-NAN</li> <li>Annex A.2 – Input data for the exposure assessment of CAG-NAM</li> <li>Annex B.1 – Output data from the Tier I exposure assessment of CAG-NAN</li> <li>Annex B.2 – Output data from the Tier I exposure assessment of CAG-NAM</li> <li>Annex C.1 – Output data from the Tier II exposure assessment of CAG-NAN</li> <li>Annex C.2 – Output data from the Tier II exposure assessment of CAG-NAM</li> </ul> <p>Further information on the data, methodologies and interpretation of the results are provided in the scientific report on the cumulative dietary exposure assessment of pesticides that have acute effects on the nervous system using SAS<sup>®</sup> software (<a href="https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5764">here</a>).</p> <p>The results reported in this assessment only refer to the exposure and are not an estimation of the actual risks. These exposure estimates should therefore be considered as documentation for the final scientific report on the cumulative risk assessment of dietary exposure to pesticides for their effects on the nervous system (<a href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/consultations/call/public-consultation-scientific-report-cumulative">here</a>). The latter combines the hazard assessment and exposure assessment into a consolidated risk characterisation, including all related uncertainties.</p>
Figure 5 in Investigation of protective effects of lithium borate on spermatogenesis and testes histopathology against cadmium-induced acute toxicity in rats
Figure 5. Testes tissue, control and LTB groups, negative COX-2 expression (AC), Cd group, severe COX-2 expressions in damaged tubules and intertubular intervals (B), LTB + Cd group, mild COX-2 expression in interstitial tissue (arrowheads) (D), IHC - P, Bar: 20µm.
Figure 4 in Investigation of protective effects of lithium borate on spermatogenesis and testes histopathology against cadmium-induced acute toxicity in rats
Figure 4. Testes tissue, Control and LTB groups, negative 8-OHdG expression (AC), Cd group, severe cytoplasmic 8-OHdG expressions in spermatocytes and spermatogonium in damaged tubules (arrowheads) (B), LTB + Cd group, mild cytoplasmic 8-OHdG expression in spermatocytes (arrowheads) (D), IHC - P, Bar: 20 µm.
Figure 3. Negative Caspase-3 in Investigation of protective effects of lithium borate on spermatogenesis and testes histopathology against cadmium-induced acute toxicity in rats
Figure 3. Negative Caspase-3 expressions in testes tissues of control and LTB groups (A and C), severe Caspase-3 expression in spermatocytes of Cd group (arrowheads) (B), mild Caspase- 3 expression in spermatocytes (arrowheads) of LTB + Cd group (D), IHC - P, Bar: 20 µm.
Figure 1 in Investigation of protective effects of lithium borate on spermatogenesis and testes histopathology against cadmium-induced acute toxicity in rats
Figure 1. Testicular tissue, normal anatomical appearance (A), oedema, hyperaemia, congestion and haemorrhage (B), normal anatomical appearance (C), moderate oedematous and mild hyperaemic (D).
Data of 14 participants in the RCT titled Acute effects of virtual reality exercise bike games on psychophysiological outcomes in college North-African adolescents with cerebral palsy: A randomized clinical trial
<p>It is an Excel file including the numerical data of the 14 participants included in the study titled: <a name="_Hlk151119211"></a><span>Acute effects of virtual reality exercise bike games on psychophysiological outcomes in college North-African adolescents with cerebral palsy: A randomized clinical trial</span></p>
Behavioural hydroregulation protects against acute effects of drought in a dry-skin ectotherm
<p>This dataset contains raw data and associated metadata as well as R scripts to analyze the data of our paper "Behavioural hydroregulation protects against acute effects of drought in a dry-skinned ectotherm" published in Oecologia.</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>During extreme climate events, behavioural thermoregulation may buffer ectotherms from thermal stress and overheating. However, heatwaves are also combined with dry spells and limited water availability, and how much individuals can behaviourally mitigate dehydration risks through microclimate selection remains largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the behavioural and physiological responses to changes in air and microhabitat humidity in a terrestrial ectotherm, the asp viper (<em>Vipera aspis</em>). We exposed individuals to a simulated heatwave together with water deprivation for 3 weeks, and manipulated air water vapour density (wet air vs. dry air) and microclimate (wet shelter vs. dry shelter) in a two-by-two factorial design. Dry air conditions led to substantial physiological dehydration and muscle wasting. Vipers exposed to dry air more often used a shelter that provided a moist micro-climate, which reduced dehydration and muscle wasting at the individual level. These results provide the first experimental evidence that active behavioural hydroregulation can mitigate specific physiological stress responses caused by a dry spell in an ectotherm. Future studies investigating organismal responses to climate change should consider moisture gradient in the habitat and integrate both hydroregulation and thermoregulation behaviours.</p>
Dataset for: Effects of acute ischemic stroke on binaural perception, Dietze et al., Frontiers in Neurosciences, 2022
<p>This dataset contains the MNI-registered lesion masks of patients with strokes at different locations and the psychoacoustic results (tone in noise detection and lateralization) of stroke and control groups.<br> The dataset is described in Dietze A, Sörös P, Bröer M, Methner A, Pöntynen H, Sundermann B, Witt K and Dietz M (2022) Effects of acute ischemic stroke on binaural perception. Front. Neurosci. 16:1022354. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1022354</p>
Datasets and R code associated with: Acute Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke Exposure During a Compound Event: A Case-Crossover Study of the 2016 Great Smoky Mountain Wildfires
<p>The attached code and csv files accompany the manuscript titled: Acute Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke Exposure During a Compound Event: A Case-Crossover Study of the 2016 Great Smoky Mountain Wildfires by Duncan et al. accepted for publication in the journal GeoHealth in September 2023. </p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/8e030710-b091-48a9-aec4-f9b3de6a0325/Project%20wildfire%20data.csv">Project wildfire data.csv</a> contains a subset wildfire data obtained from:</p> <p>Short, Karen C. 2022. Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2020 [FPA_FOD_20221014]. 6th Edition. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2013-0009.6</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/8e030710-b091-48a9-aec4-f9b3de6a0325/Modeled%20PM2.5%20data_clean.csv">Modeled PM2.5 data_clean.csv</a> includes modeled PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations used to make Figure 2. Model results can be obtained from <a href="https://www.epa.gov/hesc/rsig-related-downloadable-data-files">EPA's Fused Air Quality Surfaces Using Downscaling Tool</a>. <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/8e030710-b091-48a9-aec4-f9b3de6a0325/plot_Modeled.R">plot_Modeled.R</a> contains the R code to generate this figure. </p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/8e030710-b091-48a9-aec4-f9b3de6a0325/ORs%20all%20Counties.csv">ORs all Counties.csv</a> contains the odds ratios, confidence intervals, and p-values used to make Figures 3, 4, and 5.<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/8e030710-b091-48a9-aec4-f9b3de6a0325/PM2.5%2035ug-m3%20ORs.csv">PM2.5 35ug-m3 ORs.csv</a> contains the odds ratios, confidence intervals, and p-values used to make Figure S1. <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/8e030710-b091-48a9-aec4-f9b3de6a0325/Wildfire_Forest.R">Wildfire_Forest.R</a> contains the R code to generate these figures. </p>
Short-term Atorvastatin's Effect on Acute Kidney Injury Following Cardiac Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00791648. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Comparison of Sacubitril/Valsartan Versus Enalapril on Effect on NT-proBNP in Patients Stabilized From an Acute Heart Failure Episode.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02554890. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
The effect of Israeli acute paralysis infection on honey bee brood care behavior
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
BIDS Data for "Effects of Acute and Chronic Reuptake Inhibitionon on Optogenetically Induced Serotonergic Activity"
<p>Base data package for the “Effects of Acute and Chronic Reuptake Inhibitionon Optogenetically Induced Serotonergic Activity” article, formatted corresponding to the Brain Imaging Data Structure.</p>
Cellular and whole‐organism effects of prolonged versus acute heat stress in a montane, desert lizard
<p>Global climate change involves both prolonged periods of higher-than-normal temperatures, and short but extreme heat waves. Both types of temperature increases are likely to be detrimental to ectotherms, and even if such temperature increases do not cause mortality directly, compensating for such temperature increases will likely entail costs to organisms. We tested the effects of prolonged periods of higher-than-average temperatures and short-term, acute heat stress in wild populations of greater short-horned lizards (<i>Phrynosoma hernandesi</i>), a temperate, montane lizard of the Colorado Plateau, U.S.A. We transplanted one group of lizards from a high- to a low-elevation site, exposing them to a prolonged period of warmer temperatures. These lizards, exposed to prolonged periods of higher-than-average temperatures, experienced no change in sprint speed, endurance, or heat shock protein production after treatment compared to baseline levels; however, they had lower water content after the transplant to a warmer climate compared to before the transplant. We exposed a second group of lizards to acute heat stress by exposing them to thermally stressful temperatures for four hours. These lizards, exposed to a short period of acute heat stress, had no change in endurance, water content, or heat shock protein production following acute heat stress; however, lizards exposed to acute heat stress had slower sprint speeds than control lizards. Our results demonstrate that both prolonged temperature increases and acute heat stress, each of which are predicted to occur with climate change, had different cellular and/or whole organismal-level effects on lizards.</p>
Low oxygen levels can help to prevent the detrimental effect of acute warming on mitochondrial efficiency in fish
<p>Aerobic metabolism of aquatic ectotherms is highly sensitive to fluctuating climates. Many mitochondrial traits exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to acute variations in temperature and oxygen availability. These responses are critical for understanding the effects of environmental variations on aquatic ectotherms performance. Using the European seabass, <i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>, we determined the effects of acute warming and deoxygenation <i>in vitro </i>on mitochondrial respiratory capacities and mitochondrial efficiency to produce ATP (ATP/O ratio). We show that acute warming reduced ATP/O ratio but deoxygenation marginally raised ATP/O ratio, leading to compensatory effect of low oxygen availability on mitochondrial ATP/O ratio at high temperature. The acute effect of warming and deoxygenation on mitochondrial efficiency might be related to the leak of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, as the mitochondrial respiration required to counteract the proton leak increased with warming and decreased with deoxygenation. Our study underlines the importance of integrating the combined effects of temperature and oxygen availability on mitochondrial metabolism. Predictions on decline in performance of aquatic ectotherms due to climate change may not be accurate, since these predictions typically look at respiratory capacity and ignore efficiency of ATP production.</p>
Data from: Are acute and acclimated thermal effects on metabolic rate modulated by cell size? A comparison between diploid and triploid zebrafish larvae
Being composed of small cells may carry energetic costs related to maintaining ionic gradients across cell membranes as well as benefits related to diffusive oxygen uptake. Here we test the hypothesis that these costs and benefits of cell size in ectotherms are temperature dependent. To study the consequences of cell size for whole-organism metabolic rate we compared diploid and triploid zebrafish larvae differing in cell size. A fully factorial design was applied combining three different rearing and test temperatures that allowed us to distinguish acute from acclimated thermal effects. Individual oxygen consumption rates of diploid and triploid larvae across declining levels of oxygen availability were measured. We found that both acute and acclimated thermal effects affected the metabolic response. In comparison to triploids, diploids responded more strongly to acute temperatures, especially when reared at the highest temperature. These observations support the hypothesis that animals composed of smaller cells (i.e. diploids) are less vulnerable to oxygen limitation in warm aquatic habitats. Furthermore, we found slightly improved hypoxia tolerance in diploids. By contrast, warm-reared triploids had higher metabolic rates when they were tested at acute cold temperature, suggesting that being composed of larger cells may provide metabolic advantages in the cold. We offer two mechanisms as a potential explanation of this result, related to homeoviscous adaptation of membrane function and the mitigation of developmental noise. Our results suggest that being composed of larger cells provides metabolic advantages in cold water, while being composed of smaller cells provides metabolic advantages in warm water.
Effects of chronic and acute predation risk on sexual ornamentation and mating preferences
<p>Phenotypic plasticity is wide-spread in animals, but how plastic responses to predation threat affect traits under sexual selection and influence mating preferences is not well understood. Here, we examined how chronic predation risk during development and acute predation risk during mate choice affect the expression of male secondary sexual traits and female mating preference in the three-spined stickleback, <em>Gasterosteus</em> <em>aculeatus</em>. Males reared under chronic predation risk developed less intense red breeding colouration but showed higher courtship activity than males that grew up in a predator-free environment. Acute predation risk during mate choice did not influence male behaviour or ornamentation. Predation risk experienced during development did not affect female mating preferences, while acute predator presence induced a switch in preferences for male courtship activity. Male body size and eye colouration influenced the intensity of female mating preferences, while the trait changing most in response to predation risk during development (red colouration) had no significant impact. The observed interplay between developmental plasticity in male ornamental traits and environment-dependent female mating preferences may lead to dynamic processes altering the strength and direction of sexual selection depending on both the chronic and acute risk of predation. These processes may contribute to the maintenance of within- and among-population variation in secondary sexual traits, and may, ultimately, facilitate speciation.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.