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63 results for “adaptive capacity”
List of capacity building resources for climate change adaptation created by EU-funded projects
<p>This dataset is the result of collaborative work for Deliverable 1.3 (WP1; T1.3) of the AGORA project. It compiles resources from projects funded by the European Commission under the last two Framework Programmes (Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe) and focused on climate change adaptation. The resources identified and analysed include training materials, guidelines and interactive digital platforms designed for various target groups.</p>
Japanese Small-scale fishers adaptive capacity and furthest response to climate change
<p>The database contains data collected from 25 communities along the western coast of Shikoku, Japan, between January and March 2023. It includes values of adaptive capacity indicators aligned with the adaptive capacity domains outlined by Cinner and Barnes (2019). Additionally, the dataset captures fishers' responses to climate change, following the adaptation pathways proposed by Fedele et al. (2019) and Ojea et al. (2020).<br><br>References: </p> <p>Fedele, G., Donatti, C. I., Harvey, C. A., Hannah, L. & Hole, D. G. Transformative adaptation to climate change for sustainable social-ecological systems. <em>Environmental Science & Policy</em> <strong>101</strong>, 116–125 (2019).</p> <p>Cinner, J. E. & Barnes, M. L. Social Dimensions of Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems. <em>One Earth</em> <strong>1</strong>, 51–56 (2019).</p> <p>Ojea, E., Lester, S. E. & Salgueiro-Otero, D. Adaptation of Fishing Communities to Climate-Driven Shifts in Target Species. One Earth 2, 544–556 (2020).</p>
Model fields supporting the publication "Integrated Assessment of the Risks to Ocean Acidification in the Northern High Latitudes: Regional Comparison of Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity of Pelagic Calcifiers"
<p>These are the model outputs supporting the described manuscript. They include monthly averaged output of aragonite saturation state for each year during the 10-year hindcast. Also included is the particle tracking output, for both the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska, as described in the manuscript.</p>
Comparing adaptive capacity index across scales: The case of Italy
<p>Measuring adaptive capacity as a key component of vulnerability assessments has become one of the mostchallenging topics in the climate change adaptation context. Numerous approaches, methodologies and con-ceptualizations have been proposed for analyzing adaptive capacity at different scales. Indicator-based assess-ments are usually applied to assess and quantify the adaptive capacity for the use of policy makers. Nevertheless,they encompass various implications regarding scale specificity and the robustness issues embedded in thechoice of indicators selection, normalization and aggregation methods. We describe an adaptive capacity indexdeveloped for Italy's regional and sub-regional administrative levels, as a part of the National Climate ChangeAdaptation Plan, and that is further elaborated in this article. The index is built around four dimensions and tenindicators, analysed and processed by means of a principal component analysis and fuzzy logic techniques. As aninnovative feature of our analysis, the sub-regional variability of the index feeds back into the regional levelassessment. The results show that composite indices estimated at higher administrative or statistical levels ne-glect the inherent variability of performance at lower levels which may lead to suboptimal adaptation policies.By considering the intra-regional variability, different patterns of adaptive capacity can be observed at regionallevel as a result of the aggregation choices. Trade-offs should be made explicit for choosing aggregators thatreflect the intended degree of compensation. Multiple scale assessments using a range of aggregators with dif-ferent compensability are preferable. Our results show that within-region variability can be better demonstratedby bottom-up aggregation methods.</p>
The capacity for adaptation to climate warming in a naturalized annual plant (<i>Brassica rapa</i>)
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Predation risk constrains herbivores' adaptive capacity to warming
<p>Global warming compels larger endothermic animals to adapt either physiologically or behaviourally to avoid thermal stress, especially in tropical ecosystems. Their adaptive responses may however be compromised by other constraints, such as predation risk or starvation. Using an exceptional camera trap dataset spanning 32 protected areas across Southern Africa, we find that intermediate-sized herbivores (100-550kg) switch activity to hotter times of the day when exposed to predation by lions. These herbivores thus face a tight window for foraging activity being exposed to nocturnal predation and to heat during the day, suggesting a trade-off between predation risk and thermoregulation mediated by body size. These findings stress the importance of incorporating trophic interactions into climate change predictions.</p>
Habitat use as an indicator of adaptive capacity to climate change
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Predation risk constrains herbivores’ adaptive capacity to warming
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The code used to simulate range expansion in "The effect of the recombination rate between adaptive loci on the capacity of a population to expand its range"
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The diel niche of brown bears: constraints on adaptive capacity in human-modified landscapes
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Coordinated changes across the O2 transport pathway underlie adaptive increases in thermogenic capacity in high-altitude deer mice
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Data and R Markdown files for: Estimating the capacity of Chamaecrista fasciculata for adaptation to change in precipitation
<p>Adaptation through natural selection may be the only means by which small and fragmented plant populations will persist through present day environmental change. A population's additive genetic variance for fitness (V<sub>A</sub>(W)) represents its immediate capacity to adapt to the environment in which it exists. We evaluated this property for a population of the annual legume <i>Chamaecrista fasciculata</i> through a quantitative genetic experiment in the tallgrass prairie region of the Midwest USA, where changing climate is predicted to include more variability in rainfall. To reduce incident rainfall, relative to controls receiving ambient rain, we deployed rain exclusion shelters. We found significant V<sub>A</sub>(W) in both treatments. We also detected a significant genotype-by-treatment interaction for fitness which suggests that the genetic basis of the response to natural selection will differ depending on precipitation. For the trait specific leaf area, we detected maladaptive phenotypic plasticity and an interaction between genotype and environment. Selection for thicker leaves was detected with increased precipitation. These results indicate capacity of this population of <i>C. fasciculata</i> to adapt <i>in situ</i> to environmental change.</p>
Data from: The adaptive capacity of lake food webs: from individuals to ecosystems
Aquatic ecosystems support size structured food webs, wherein predator-prey body sizes span orders of magnitude. As such, these food webs are replete with extremely generalized feeding strategies, especially among the larger bodied, higher trophic position taxa. The movement scale of aquatic organisms also generally increases with body size and trophic position. Together, these body size, mobility, and foraging relationships suggest that organisms lower in the food web generate relatively distinct energetic pathways by feeding over smaller spatial areas. Concurrently, the potential capacity for generalist foraging and spatial coupling of these pathways often increases, on average, moving up the food web toward higher trophic levels. We argue that these attributes make for a food web architecture that is inherently 'adaptive' in its response to environmental conditions. This is because variation in lower trophic level dynamics is dampened by the capacity of predators to flexibly alter their foraging behavior. We argue that empirical, theoretical, and applied research needs to embrace this inherently adaptive architecture if we are to understand the relationship between structure and function in the face of ongoing environmental change. Toward this goal, we discuss empirical patterns in the structure of lake food webs to suggest that ecosystems change consistently, from individual traits to the structure of whole food webs, under changing environmental conditions. We then explore an empirical example to reveal that explicitly unfolding the mechanisms that drive these adaptive responses offers insight into how human-driven impacts, such as climate change, invasive species, and fisheries harvest, ought to influence ecosystem structure and function (e.g., stability, secondary productivity, maintenance of major energy pathways). We end by arguing that such a directed food web research program promises a powerful across-scale framework for more effective ecosystem monitoring and management.
Data from: Egg size and the adaptive capacity of early life history traits in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Offspring traits are greatly influenced by maternal effects and these maternal effects may provide an important pathway through which populations can adapt to changing thermal environments. We investigated the effect of egg size on the among and within population variation in early life history traits among introduced Great Lakes Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations under varying thermal conditions. We reared Chinook salmon from three populations in a common garden hatchery study at 6.5°C, 9.4°C, and 15.2°C, and measured a variety of fitness-related traits during development. We found that most of the among population variation in early life history traits was explained by egg size. However, the contribution of egg size to the among population variation decreased with an increase in temperature suggesting that other effects, such as genetic, contribute at high temperature. Within populations, egg size explained much of the dam variance and maternal effect for traits in every temperature, whereas egg size generally had little to no influence on the sire variance and heritability. Overall, our results demonstrate the significant contribution egg size makes to shaping early life history phenotypes among and within populations, and suggests that egg size is an important pathway through which offspring phenotypes can evolve on contemporary timescales.
Data from: Standing genomic variation within coding and regulatory regions contributes to the adaptive capacity to climate in a foundation tree species
Global climate is rapidly changing and the ability for tree species to adapt is dependent on standing genomic variation; however the distribution and abundance of functional and adaptive variants are poorly understood in natural systems. We test key hypotheses regarding the genetics of adaptive variation in a foundation tree: genomic variation is associated with climate and genomic variation is more likely to be associated with temperature than precipitation or aridity. To test these hypotheses, we used 9,593 independent, genomic single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 270 individuals sampled from Corymbia calophylla's entire distribution in southwestern Western Australia, spanning orthogonal temperature and precipitation gradients. Environmental association analyses returned 537 unique SNPs putatively adaptive to climate. We identified SNPs associated with climatic variation (i.e. temperature (458), precipitation (75) and aridity (78)) across the landscape. Of these, 78 SNPs were non-synonymous (NS), while 26 SNPs were found within gene regulatory regions. The NS and regulatory candidate SNPs associated with temperature explained more deviance (27.35%) then precipitation (5.93%) and aridity (4.77%), suggesting that temperature provides stronger adaptive signals than precipitation. Genes associated with adaptive variants include functions important in stress responses to temperature and precipitation. Patterns of allelic turnover of NS and regulatory SNPs show small patterns of change through climate space with the exception of an aldehyde dehydrogenase gene variant with 80% allelic-turnover with temperature. Together, these findings provide evidence for the presence of adaptive variation to climate in a foundation species and provide critical information to guide adaptive management practices.
Data from: Functional capacity of kangaroo rat hindlimbs: adaptations for locomotor performance
Many cursorial and large hopping species are extremely efficient locomotors with various morphological adaptations believed to reduce mechanical demand and improve movement efficiency, including elongated distal limb segments. However, despite having elongated limbs, small hoppers such as desert kangaroo rats (Dipodomys deserti) are less efficient locomotors than their larger counterparts, which may be in part due to avoiding predators through explosive jumping movements. Despite potentially conflicting mechanical demands between the two movements, kangaroo rats are both excellent jumpers and attain high hopping speeds, likely due to a specialized hindlimb musculoskeletal morphology. This study combined experimental dissection data with a static analysis of muscle moment generating capacities using a newly developed musculoskeletal model to characterize kangaroo rat hindlimb musculoskeletal architecture and investigate how morphology has evolved to meet hopping and jumping mechanical demands. Hindlimb morphology appears biased towards generating constant moment arms over large joint ranges of motion in this species, which may balance competing requirements by reducing the need for posture and movement specific excitation patterns. The ankle extensors are a major exception to the strong positive relationship exhibited by most muscles between muscle architecture parameters (e.g. Lfibre) and joint moment arms. These muscles appear suited to meeting the high moments required for jumping: the biarticular nature of the ankle extensors is leveraged to reduce MTU strain and create a four-bar linkage that facilitates proximal force transfer. The kangaroo rat hindlimb provides an interesting case study for understanding how morphology balances the sometimes competing demands of hopping and jumping.
Data from: Host-adapted aphid populations differ in their migratory patterns and capacity to colonize crops
Although phytophagous insects can vary genetically in host use and exhibit long-range movements, the combined implications of these phenomena for pest management have received limited attention. To address this, we surveyed the genetic diversity of pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum using twelve microsatellite loci and assessed host association patterns and annual movement from a putative source region (Columbia River Basin) to the Palouse region of northern Idaho and western Washington, where the aphid is a pest of pea Pisum sativum. A total of 320 identified unique genotypes clustered into four genetic groups, with two host plant associations: alfalfa Medicago sativa (three genetic groups), and pea Pisum sativum and vetch Vicia villosa (one genetic group). All four genetic groups occurred in the Columbia River Basin and in migrant aphids collected in pan traps during spring colonization in the Palouse during 2 years of this study. Patterns of group arrival on the Palouse were spatially structured early in the season, consistent with differing migration patterns. Despite genetic diversity of migrants, a single genetic group became predominant in pea crops each year. Clonal laboratory colonies of pea aphids established from field-collected specimens and representing two predominant genetic groups exhibited reciprocal performance trade-offs, with alfalfa being a poor host for a pea-associated aphid genotype and vice versa. Synthesis and applications. Annual spring migrants of pea aphids in the pea production region of the Palouse are genetically diverse, with different host plant affinities consistent with origination from source populations in the Columbia River Basin. As the season progresses, a single genetic group adapted to pea becomes predominant in the crop. Management of pea aphid in the Palouse will be improved by monitoring the temporal and spatial variation of specific genetic groups of the aphid arriving as immigrants during each crop season, providing this information to producers and adjusting estimates of risk of crop damage accordingly. The principle could apply to other pest species with host-adapted populations that colonize crops on an annual basis.
Data from: The planet's stressed river basins: too much pressure or too little adaptive capacity?
Freshwater is one of the most critical elements for sustainable development of ecosystems and societies. River basins, concomitant with administrative zones, form a common unit for freshwater management. So far, no comprehensive, global analysis exists that would link the ecological challenges of the planet's river basins to the capacity of the societies to cope with them. We address this gap by performing a geospatial resilience analysis for a global set of 541 river basins. We use the social‐ecological systems (SES) approach by relating three ecological vulnerability factors (human footprint, natural hazards, water scarcity) with three adaptive capacity factors (governance, economy, human development), based on temporal trajectories from 1990 to 2015. Additionally, we examine resilience by subtracting ecological vulnerability from adaptive capacity. The most striking result is the fundamentally different patterns of controlling factors of the resilience in different developing regions, particularly those of Africa and Asia. Their root causes are particularly low adaptive capacity in Africa, and high ecological vulnerability in Asia. Alarmingly, the difference between those continents grew within the study period. Finally, this study highlights the rapid dynamics of adaptive capacity in comparison to ecological vulnerability, the latter having more inertia. Their fragile balance is of our interest; they can either support or counteract each other depending on the geographic location.
Independent variation of avian sensitivity to climate change and trait-based adaptive capacity along a tropical elevational gradient
<p>Aim: How species respond to climate change is influenced by their sensitivity to climatic conditions (i.e., their climatic niche) and aspects of their adaptive capacity (e.g., their dispersal ability, ecological niche). To date, it is largely unknown whether and how species' sensitivity to climate change and their adaptive capacity covary. However, understanding this relationship is important to predict the potential consequences of a changing climate for species assemblages. Here, we test how species' sensitivity to climate change and trait-based measures of their ecological adaptive capacity (i) vary along a broad elevational gradient and (ii) covary across a large number of bird species.</p> <p>Location: A Neotropical elevational gradient (300 - 3600 m.a.s.l.) in the Manú biosphere reserve, south‐east Peru.</p> <p>Methods: We focus on 215 frugivorous bird species along a Neotropical elevational gradient. We approximate species' sensitivity to climate change by their climatic niche breadth, based on species occurrences across South America and bioclimatic variables. In addition, we use a trait-based approach to estimate the dispersal ability of species (approximated by their wing pointedness), their dietary niche breadth (approximated by bill width), and their habitat niche breadth (the number of used habitat classes).</p> <p>Results: We found that (i) species' climatic niche breadth increased with elevation, while their trait-based dispersal ability and dietary niche breadth decreased with elevation, and (ii) sensitivity to climate change and trait-based adaptive capacity were not related across species.</p> <p>Main conclusions: These results suggest different mechanisms of how species in lowland and highland assemblages might respond to climate change. The independent variation of species' sensitivity to climate change and their trait-based adaptive capacity suggests that accounting for both dimensions will improve assessments of species' susceptibility to climate change and potential impacts of climate change on diverse species assemblages.</p>
Socio-demographic, institutional and governance factors influencing adaptive capacity of smallholder irrigation schemes
<p>Socio-demographic, institutional and governance factors influencing adaptive capacity of smallholder irrigation schemes</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.