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247 results for “adaptive immunity”
Dataset of 'HIV infection is associated with compromised tumor microenvironment adaptive immune reactivity in Hodgkin Lymphoma'
<p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><strong><span>:</span></strong><span>The data were generated using the i) GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) platform developed by Nanostring Technologies. GeoMx analysis utilizes <em>in situ </em>RNA hybridization with Whole Atlas Transcriptome probe (Nanostring) and ii) HTG platform (Immune Response kit) Our dataset comprises samples from donors categorized as HLposHIVnegEBVneg, HLposHIVposEBVpos, or HLposHIVnegEBVpos (HL: Hodgkin Lymphoma). Regions of interest (ROI) were spatially profiled to capture distinct molecular signatures associated with these donor categories.</span></p>
Data and code for: No evidence of metabolic costs following adaptive immune activation or reactivation in house sparrows
<p>We examined the energetic costs of immune activation by measuring both basal (BMR) and exercise-induced maximal metabolic rates (MMR) in house sparrows before and after being injected with either saline (sham) or two novel antigens (keyhole limpet haemocyanin and sheep red blood cells; KLH and SRBC, respectively) after the primary and two subsequent vaccinations. We also examined the effect of experimentally-induced breeding levels of testosterone (T) on immune responses and their metabolic costs in both males and females. </p>
Adaptive immune response selects for postponed maturation and increased body size
<ol> <li>The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes encode proteins that initiate the adaptive immune response by presenting pathogen-derived antigenic peptides to T lymphocytes. Host-pathogen coevolution drives MHC polymorphism, introducing intraspecific variation in host life expectancy. This variation interacts with optimal growth strategy, as growth increases reproductive potential. While mortality rate and body size-dependent fecundity are major factors shaping life histories, the effect of intraspecific variation in MHC-based immunity on the evolution of growth strategies and host body size remains unknown.</li> <li>Here, we model how host MHC–pathogen coevolution—and its concomitant impact on host mortality—can affect the evolution of host life-histories, as represented by age at maturation and body size. Life histories were compared in scenarios with and without adaptive immune response under equal population-level mortality rates.</li> <li>We show that host-pathogen coevolutionary dynamics select for postponed maturation and increased body size. Although MHC genes and genes that determine body size were physically unlinked, selection imposed by the Red Queen process generated linkage disequilibrium between immunocompetent MHC alleles and the maturation-postponing alleles that prolong growth phase and increase body size. Particularly large body size was attained when pathogens mutated slowly, thus allowing the advantage of resistant MHC alleles to persist over multiple generations.</li> <li>The emergence of adaptive immunity, which is pathogen-specific and enables immunological memory, is considered a major evolutionary innovation of vertebrates. Our work suggests that the adaptive immune response, mediated by polymorphic MHC genes, may drive the evolution of host body size. This form of adaptive immunity may have thus predisposed vertebrates to evolve large body sizes and exhibit the macroevolutionary patterns of increasing body size over time that have been detected in comparative studies. </li> </ol>
Data and code for: No evidence of metabolic costs following adaptive immune activation or reactivation in house sparrows
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Adaptive immune response selects for postponed maturation and increased body size
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Data from: Innate and adaptive immune proteins in the preen gland secretions of male house sparrows
<p>Recent studies have demonstrated that preen oil acts to reduce or eliminate feather-associated bacteria. The mechanisms underlying this antibacterial activity, however, are incompletely understood. In addition to the activity of alcohols (i.e. 3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol), recent research has suggested that antimicrobial peptides may underlie the antibacterial activity of preen oil. Here, we document the presence of innate and adaptive immune proteins, lysozyme and immunoglobulin Y (IgY), in the preen oil of house sparrows (<i>Passer domesticus</i>). We suggest lysozyme functions as an antimicrobial agent, with potentially important impacts against Gram-positive feather degrading bacteria. Furthermore, both lysozyme and IgY likely act in local immune defence of the preen gland, and may also play a role in regulating the local microbiome, with potentially important consequences for chemical communication and signalling. Our findings suggest that the preen gland and its secretions should be considered an integral part of the body's first line of defence against invading infections.</p>
Gene expression remodelling and immune response during adaptive divergence in an African cichlid fish
<p><span>Variation in gene expression contributes to ecological speciation by facilitating population persistence in novel environments. Likewise, immune response can be a relevant factor in speciation driven by adaptation to different environments. Previous studies examining gene expression differences between recently diverged ecotypes often relied on only one pair of populations, targeted the expression of only a subset of genes, or used wild caught-individuals. Here, we investigated the contribution of habitat-specific parasites and symbionts and the underlying immunological capabilities of ecotype hosts to adaptive divergence in lake-river population pairs of the cichlid fish <i>Astatotilapia burtoni</i>. To shed light on the role of phenotypic plasticity in adaptive divergence, we compared parasite and microbiota communities, immune response, and gene expression patterns of fish from natural habitats and a lake-like pond setup. In all investigated population pairs, lake fish were more heavily parasitized than river fish, both in terms of parasite taxa composition and infection abundance. Innate immune response in the wild was higher in lake than in river populations and elevated in a river population exposed to lake parasites in the pond setup. Environmental differences between lake and river habitat and their distinct parasite communities shaped differential gene expression, involving genes functioning in osmoregulation and immune response. Most changes in gene expression between lake and river samples in the wild and in the pond setup were based on a plastic response. Finally, gene expression and bacterial communities of wild-caught individuals and individuals acclimated to lake-like pond conditions showed shifts underlying adaptive phenotypic plasticity.</span></p>
Comparing raccoon MHC diversity in native and introduced ranges: evidence for the importance of functional immune diversity for adaptation and survival in novel environments.
<p>The adaptive potential of invasive species is related to the genetic <span class="il">diversity</span> of the invader, which is influenced by genetic drift and natural selection. Typically, the genetic <span class="il">diversity</span> of invaders is studied with neutral genetic markers, however, the expectation of reduced <span class="il">diversity</span> has not been consistently supported by empirical studies. Here, we describe and interpret genetic <span class="il">diversity</span> at both neutral microsatellite loci and the immune related <span class="il">MHC</span>-DRB locus of <span class="il">native</span> and invasive populations of <span class="il">raccoon</span> to better understand of how drift and selection impact patterns of genetic <span class="il">diversity</span> during the invasion process. We found that despite the loss of many <span class="il">MHC</span> alleles in comparison with <span class="il">native</span> populations, functional <span class="il">MHC</span> supertypes are preserved in the invasive region. In the <span class="il">native</span> <span class="il">raccoon</span> population the number of supertypes within individuals was higher than expected under a neutral model. The high level of individual functional divergence may facilitate the adaptation to local conditions in the invasive range. These results suggest that selection is driving divergent allele combinations despite drift causing allelic loss. In the invasive populations, we also detected increased population structure at microsatellites compared to the <span class="il">MHC</span> locus, further suggesting that balancing selection is acting on adaptively important regions of the <span class="il">raccoon</span> genome. Finally, we found that alleles known to exhibit resistance to rabies in the <span class="il">native</span> range, Prlo-DRB*4, Prlo-DRB*16 and Prlo-DRB*102, were the most common alleles in the European populations, suggesting directional selection is acting on this locus. Our research shows empirical support for the importance of functional immune <span class="il">diversity</span> for adaptation and survival in novel environments.</p>
Multi-omics analysis of innate and adaptive responses to BCG vaccination reveals epigenetic cell states that predict trained immunity
<p>This repository contains personal immune profiles of 323 healthy individuals (300BCG) subjected to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) with blood samples collected immediately before (day 0), and 14 and 90 days after the vaccination. The personal immune profiles comprise:</p> <ul> <li>immune cell concentrations measured with flow cytometry and a hematology analyzer</li> <li>plasma concentrations of 73 circulating inflammatory markers</li> <li>30 measurements of cytokine and lactate production capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to four microbial stimuli (Candida albicans, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide [LPS], Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis).</li> </ul> <p>Visit <a href="http://300BCG.bocklab.org/">http://300BCG.bocklab.org/</a> to learn more.</p>
Adaptive immune response selects for increased body size - dataset
<p>The dataset for the manuscript " Adaptive immune response selects for increased body size ". The dataset is packed in ZIP archive 'Dataset_Ejsmond_etal_2022.zip' with variables and description of variables saved in Matlab workspaces.</p>
A type 2 immune circuit in the stomach controls mammalian adaptation to dietary chitin
<p>Dietary fiber improves metabolic health, but host-encoded mechanisms for digesting fibrous polysaccharides are unclear. Here, we describe a mammalian adaptation to dietary chitin that is coordinated by gastric innate immune activation and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase). Chitin consumption causes gastric distension and cytokine production by stomach tuft cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), driving expansion of AMCase-expressing zymogenic chief cells that facilitate chitin digestion. Although chitin influences microbial composition, ILC2-mediated tissue adaptation and gastrointestinal responses are preserved in germ-free mice. In the absence of AMCase, sustained chitin intake leads to heightened basal type 2 immunity, reduced adiposity, and resistance to obesity. These data define an endogenous metabolic circuit that enables nutrient extraction from an insoluble dietary constituent by enhancing digestive function.</p>
Immune Function and Muscle Adaptations to Resistance Exercise in Older Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02261961. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
The Impact of Age on Adaptive Immunity in Adults Infected With Respiratory Syncytial Virus
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03728413. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Evaluation of the Immune Responses of GSK Biologicals' HPV Vaccine Following Manufacturing Process Adaptation.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00250276. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 3. Publications: 1.
The Impact of Imprinting and Repeated Influenza Vaccination on Adaptive Immunity, Transcriptomics, and Metabolomics
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03686514. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A type 2 immune circuit in the stomach controls mammalian adaptation to dietary chitin
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Bigger is faster in the scalable adaptive immune response
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Data from: Adaptive immunity modulation linked to migratory behaviour in two partially migratory hoopoe populations (Upupa epops)
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Gene expression remodelling and immune response during adaptive divergence in an African cichlid fish
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Data from: Innate and adaptive immune proteins in the preen gland secretions of male house sparrows
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.