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47 results for “aerobic performance”
From performance curves to performance surfaces: Interactive effects of temperature and oxygen availability on aerobic and anaerobic performance in the common wall lizard
<p>1. Accurately predicting the responses of organisms to novel or changing environments requires the development of ecologically-appropriate experimental methodology and process-based models.</p> <p>2. For ectotherms, thermal performance curves (TPCs) have provided a useful framework to describe how organismal performance is dependent on temperature. However, this approach often lacks a mechanistic underpinning, which limits our ability to use thermal performance curves predictively. Further, thermal dependence varies across traits, and performance is also limited by additional abiotic factors, such as oxygen availability.</p> <p>3. We test a central prediction of our recent Hierarchical Mechanisms of Thermal Limitation (HMTL) Hypothesis which proposes that natural hypoxia exposure will reduce maximal performance and cause the thermal performance curve for whole-organism performance to become more symmetrical.</p> <p>4. We quantified thermal performance curves for two traits often used as fitness proxies, sprint speed and aerobic scope, in lizards under conditions of normoxia and high-elevation hypoxia.</p> <p>5. In line with the predictions of HMTL, anaerobically-fueled sprint speed was unaffected by acute hypoxia while the TPC for aerobic scope became shorter and more symmetrical. This change in TPC shape resulted from both the maximum aerobic scope and the optimal temperature for aerobic scope being reduced in hypoxia as predicted.</p> <p>6. Following these results, we present a mathematical framework, which we call Temperature-Oxygen Performance Surfaces (TOPS), to quantify the interactive effects of temperature and oxygen on whole-organism performance in line with the HMTL hypothesis. This framework is transferrable across traits and levels of organization to allow predictions for how ectotherms will respond to novel combinations of temperature and other abiotic factors, providing a useful tool in a time of rapidly changing environmental conditions.</p>
The thermal performance curve for aerobic metabolism of a flying endotherm
<p>Performance benefits of stable, warm muscles are believed to be important for the evolution of endothermy in mammals, birds, and flying insects. However, thermal performance curves have never been measured for a free-flying endotherm, as it is challenging to vary body temperatures of these animals, and maximal flight performance is difficult to elicit. We varied air temperatures and gas densities to manipulate thoracic temperatures of flying honey bees from 29-44°C, with low air densities used to increase flight metabolic rates to maximal values. Honey bees showed a clear thermal performance curve with an optimal temperature of 39°C. Maximal flight metabolic rates increased by ~2% per 1°C increase in thoracic temperature at suboptimal thoracic temperatures, but decreased ~5% per 1°C increase as the bees continued to heat up. This study provides the first quantification of the maximal metabolic performance benefit of thermoregulation in an endotherm. These data directly support aerobic capacity models for benefits of thermoregulation in honey bees, and suggest that improved aerobic capacity likely contributes to the multiple origins of endothermic heterothermy in bees and other insects.</p>
Coronary Circulation Enhances the Aerobic Performance of Pacific Salmon, Particularly for Females
<p>Female Pacific salmon often experience higher mortality than males during their once-in-a-lifetime up-river spawning migration, particularly when exposed to secondary stressors (e.g. high temperatures). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. One hypothesis is that female Pacific salmon hearts are more oxygen-limited than males and are less able to supply oxygen to the body's tissues during this demanding migration. Such oxygen limitations can develop from naturally occurring coronary blockages (<em>i.e.</em>, coronary arteriosclerosis) found in mature salmon hearts. To test this hypothesis, we measured resting (RMR) and maximum metabolic rate (MMR), aerobic scope (AS) and acute upper thermal tolerance in coho salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus kisutch</em>) with an intact or artificially blocked coronary oxygen supply. We also assessed venous blood oxygen and chemistry (cortisol, ions, and metabolite concentrations) at different time intervals during recovery from exhaustive exercise. We found that coronary blockage impaired MMR, but to a greater extent in females than males. Thus, coronary oxygen supply is more important in females than males to support peak metabolism, which is essential during upriver swimming. Furthermore, the coronary blockage reduced AS and PvO<sub>2</sub> during exercise recovery but did not differ between sexes. Coronary ligation lowered acute upper thermal tolerance by 1.1°C. Our findings highlight the importance of coronary blood supply for mature salmon and show evidence that elevated female mortality may be linked to cardiac limitation, particularly during warm water conditions.</p>
Coronary Circulation Enhances the Aerobic Performance of Wild Pacific Salmon
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From performance curves to performance surfaces: Interactive effects of temperature and oxygen availability on aerobic and anaerobic performance in the common wall lizard
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The thermal performance curve for aerobic metabolism of a flying endotherm
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Data from: Cardiac plasticity influences aerobic performance and thermal tolerance in a tropical, freshwater fish at elevated temperatures
Fishes faced with novel thermal conditions often modify physiological functioning to compensate for elevated temperatures. This physiological plasticity (thermal acclimation) has been shown to improve metabolic performance and extend thermal limits in many species. Adjustments in cardiorespiratory function are often invoked as mechanisms underlying thermal plasticity because limitations in oxygen supply have been predicted to define thermal optima in fishes, however few studies have explicitly linked cardiorespiratory plasticity to metabolic compensation. Here we quantify thermal acclimation capacity in the commercially harvested Nile perch (Lates niloticus) of East Africa, and investigate mechanisms underlying observed changes. We reared juvenile Nile perch for 3 months under two temperature regimes, and then measured a series of metabolic traits (e.g., aerobic scope, AS) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) upon acute exposure to a range of experimental temperatures. We also measured morphological traits of heart ventricles, gills, and brains to identify potential mechanisms for compensation. We found that long-term (3-months) exposure to elevated temperature induced compensation in upper thermal tolerance (CTmax) and metabolic performance (SMR, MMR and AS), and induced cardiac remodeling in Nile perch. Furthermore, variation in heart morphology influenced variations in metabolic function and thermal tolerance. These results indicate that plastic changes enacted over longer exposures lead to differences in metabolic flexibility when acutely exposed to temperature variation. Furthermore, we established functional links between cardiac plasticity, metabolic performance, and thermal tolerance, providing evidence that plasticity in cardiac capacity may be one mechanism for coping with climate change.
Data from: Botfly infections impair the aerobic performance and survival of montane populations of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus rufinus
1. Elevations >2000 m represent consistently harsh environments for small endotherms because of abiotic stressors such as cold temperatures and hypoxia. 2. These environmental stressors may limit the ability of populations living at these elevations to respond to biotic selection pressures — such as parasites or pathogens — that in other environmental contexts would impose only minimal energetic- and fitness-related costs. 3. We studied deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus rufinus) living along two elevational transects (2300 – 4400 m) in the Colorado Rockies and found that infection prevalence by botfly larvae (Cuterebridae) declined at higher elevations. We found no evidence of infections at elevations > 2400 m, but that 33.6% of all deer mice, and 52.2% of adults, were infected at elevations < 2400 m. 4. Botfly infections were associated with reductions in hematocrit levels of 23%, hemoglobin concentrations of 27%, and cold-induced VO2max measures of 19% compared to uninfected individuals. In turn, these reductions in aerobic performance appeared to influence fitness, as infected individuals suffered 19-34% higher overwinter mortality. 5. In contrast to studies at lower elevations, we found evidence indicating that botfly infections influence the aerobic capabilities and fitness of deer mice living at elevations between 2000 – 2400 m. Our results therefore suggest that the interaction between botflies and small rodents is likely highly context-dependent and that, more generally, high-elevation populations may be susceptible to additional biotic selection pressures.
Data from: Stress coping and evolution of aerobic exercise performance: corticosterone levels in voles from a selection experiment
The locomotor performance achieved in a challenging situation depends not only on physiological limitations, such as the aerobic exercise capacity, but also on behavioral characteristics, such as adequate stress coping. The stress response is mediated largely by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, through modulated release of glucocorticoids. We used a unique experimental evolution model system to test a hypothesis that evolution of an increased aerobic exercise performance can be facilitated by modification of the glucocorticoid-related stress coping mechanisms. Bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from "aerobic" (A) lines, selected for 22 generations for high maximum swim-induced rate of oxygen consumption (VO2swim), achieved a 64% higher VO2swim than those from unselected, control (C) lines. The temporal pattern of exercise during the swimming trial also evolved, and the A-line voles achieved VO2swim later in the course of the trial, which indicates a modification in the stress response characteristics. Both VO2swim and the average metabolic rate measured during the trial tended to increase with baseline corticosterone level, and decreased with the post-exercise level. Thus, increased baseline corticosterone level promotes high metabolic performance, but a high corticosterone response to swimming acts as an inhibitor rather than stimulator of intense activity. However, neither of the corticosterone traits differed between the A-selected and control lines. Thus, the experiment did not provide evidence that evolution of increased aerobic performance is facilitated by modification of the glucocorticoid levels. The results, however, do not exclude a possibility that other aspects of the HPA axis function evolved in response to the selection.
Raw data supporting: Augmenting the Performance of Hydrogenase for Aerobic Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution via Solvent Tuning
<p>Raw experimental data supporting the article "Augmenting the Performance of Hydrogenase for Aerobic Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution <em>via</em> Solvent Tuning"</p>
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise and Gaming on Cognitive Performance
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02437097. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Defining the Functional Role of Iron in Aerobic Training and Physical Performance
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03002090. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Effect Of Tele-Yoga On Aerobic Capacity, Respiratory Muscle Strength, And Cognitive Performance In Patients With OSAS
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05517252. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Effect of Oxygen Supplementation in Training in Heart Failure Patients on Aerobic Performance and Quality of Life
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06481657. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 15.
Effect of EPA on Aerobic Performance, Muscle, and Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Surgery Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01320319. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Aerobic Training Effects on Motor and Cognitive Performances in MS: an Exploratory Study With Structural and Functional MRI
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04097418. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
Chronic Effects of Two Aerobic-training Models Performed in Water and on Dry Land in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01956357. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Influence of the Phases of the Menstrual Cycle on Glycemic Control When Performing Aerobic Exercise in Women With T1D
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06086067. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Acute Supplementation With Beta-Alanine Improves Performance in Aerobic-anaerobic Transition Zones in Endurance Athletes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05096793. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 28.
Effects of Aerobic Exercises on Dual-task Performance and Motor Skills in Children With Mild Cognitive Impairment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06867692. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.