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86 results for “affect dynamics”
Transitions between colour mechanisms affect speciation dynamics and range distributions of birds
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Data from: When beggars are choosers-How nesting of a solitary bee is affected by temporal dynamics of pollen plants in the landscape
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Data from: Inbreeding and competitor’s genetic relatedness affect dynamic male color-ornament expression in a cichlid fish
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Data from: Climate change and functional traits affect population dynamics of a long-lived seabird
1. Recent studies unravelled the effect of climate changes on populations through their impact on functional traits and demographic rates in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, but such understanding in marine ecosystems remains incomplete. 2. Here, we evaluate the impact of the combined effects of climate and functional traits on population dynamics of a long-lived migratory seabird breeding in the southern ocean: the black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris, BBA). We address the following prospective question: ''Of all the changes in the climate and functional traits, which would produce the biggest impact on the BBA population growth rate?'' 3. We develop a structured matrix population model that includes the effect of climate and functional traits on the complete BBA life cycle. A detailed sensitivity analysis is conducted to understand the main pathway by which climate and functional trait changes affect the population growth rate. 4. The population growth rate of BBA is driven by the combined effects of climate over various seasons and multiple functional traits with carry-over effects across seasons on demographic processes. Changes in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) during late winter cause the biggest changes in the population growth rate, through their effect on juvenile survival. Adults appeared to respond to changes in winter climate conditions by adapting their migratory schedule rather than by modifying their at-sea foraging activity. However, the sensitivity of the population growth rate to SST affecting BBA migratory schedule is small. BBA foraging activity during the pre-breeding period has the biggest impact on population growth rate among functional traits. Finally, changes in SST during the breeding season have little effect on the population growth rate. 5. These results highlight the importance of early life histories and carry-over effects of climate and functional traits on demographic rates across multiple seasons in population response to climate change. Robust conclusions about the roles of various phases of the life cycle and functional traits in population response to climate change rely on an understanding of the relationships of traits to demographic rates across the complete life cycle.
Data from "Bending the course of evolution: how mutualistic interactions affect macroevolutionary dynamics of diversification in mimetic Ithomiini butterflies"
<p>Data and codes for the analyses from Chazot et al. "Bending the course of evolution: how mutualistic interactions affect macroevolutionary dynamics of diversification in mimetic Ithomiini butterflies". Check README for more information about the files. </p>
Reproductive strategies affect telomere dynamics across the life course
<p>Because parental care has a heritable basis, the benefits of receiving increased parental provisioning early in life are genetically linked to the costs of providing increased parental provisioning at adulthood. Reproductive strategies thus result in distinct cost-benefit syndromes across the life course that may shape individual health and ageing trajectories. Here we used an artificial selection approach in Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix japonica</em>) to test how reproductive strategies affect telomere length, a biomarker of somatic state, at different life stages. We show that males, but not females, from lines selected for low maternal investment (i.e. developing in a relatively small egg) had shorter telomeres at birth. These patterns were still weakly present at the end of the juvenile growth period. In contrast, significantly shorter telomeres were found in reproductively active adult birds from the high investment lines, suggesting that telomere attrition was accelerated in these individuals once they had become reproductively active. Our study shows that reproductive strategies differentially affect telomere dynamics across the life course, highlighting the role of cross-generational constraints in shaping individual ageing trajectories. </p>
Autophagosomal/autolysosomal/lysosomal dynamics of FaDu and HGFb cells affected by autophagy modulators (dataset of dual labeling of autophagosomes and labeling lysosomes, confocal microscopy)
<p>In this dataset, the impact of autophagy modulators on the auophagosomes and lysosomes in FaDu and HGF cells was investigated. Experimental details are described in the accompanying paper. This dataset contains total 702 CZI confocal image Z-stacks.</p> <p><strong>Relevant paper</strong>: HANELOVA, Klara, RAUDENSKA, Martina, KRATOCHVILOVA, Monika, NAVRATIL, Jiri, VICAR, Tomas, BUGAJOVA, Maria, GUMULEC, Jaromir, MASARIK, Michal and BALVAN, Jan. Autophagy modulators influence the content of important signalling molecules in PS-positive extracellular vesicles. <em>Cell Communication and Signaling</em>. 24 May 2023. Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 120. DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01126-z">10.1186/s12964-023-01126-z</a>.</p> <div> <div> <div> </div> </div> </div> <p><strong>Model cell lines</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>The cell line FaDu (HTB-43TM), derived from a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the hypopharynx, and the human gingival fibroblast cell line HGF (derived from the histologically normal gingival biopsy) were used in this study. The authenticated cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, Virginia, USA) within the last five years. </p> <p><strong>Autophagy modulation</strong></p> <p>For autophagy modulation, FaDu cells were treated for 24 h with 5nM bafilomycin A1 (Sigma-Aldrich, B1793), 50 µM of hydroxychloroquine sulphate (Sigma-Aldrich, H0915), 100 µM of Cpd18 (Calbiochem), 50 nM of autophinib (Sigma, SML2632), 10 µM of EACC (MedChemExpress), 200 nM of rapamycin (Sigma-Aldrich, R0395), 3 nM of Torin-1 (MedChemExpress), or 30 nM of NVP-BEZ235 (MedChemExpress). To induce starvation, cells were cultured in DMEM F12 without glutamine and without FBS (Biosera). Modulation of autophagy did not reduce the viability of FaDu cells.</p> <p><strong>Conditioned media preparation</strong></p> <p>see details in the accompanying paper</p> <p><strong>Fluorescence Microscopy</strong><br>The autophagosomal/autolysosomal/lysosomal dynamics of affected cells were observed using the combination of PremoTM Autophagy Tandem Sensor (P36239, Invitrogen) with the far-red emitting LysoTracker® Deep Red (L12492, Invitrogen) (Ex 647 nm/Em 668 nm). By combining acid-sensitive Emerald GFP (Ex 488 nm/Em 509 nm) with acid-insensitive TagRFP (Ex 555 nm/Em 584 nm) in the PremoTM kit, autophagosomes and autolysosomes labelling (yellow and red, respectively) is possible.<br>Immediately after transduction with 12 µl PremoTM Autophagy Tandem Sensor/2ml cell suspension, cells were seeded at 5 × 10<sup>5</sup> into 35-mm glass-bottomed gelatin-coated dishes (Ibidi, μ-Dish 35 mm, high Glass Bottom) and cultured for 48 h to equilibrate expression levels. Subsequently, cells were exposed to the selected agents for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours before imaging. LysoTracker® Deep Red staining was performed 1 h before imaging. <br>To monitor the uptake of isolated PS-EVs by fibroblasts, we stained EVs with PKH67 (Sigma, PKH67GL) and then removed the remaining dye using Exosome Spin Columns (MW 3000) (Thermo Scientific, #4484449). The stained EVs were then suspended in 400 ul of cultivation medium and added to HGFB cells growing for 24 h in Ibidi µ-Slide I Luer (Ibidi, 80176). Image acquisition was performed 24 hours after EVs addition. 1 µl of 1 µg/ml of Hoechst 33342 (Enzo) (Ex 350 nm/ Em 461 nm) nuclear stain was added 1 hour before imaging.<br>To determine the viability of the cell population prior to isolation of EVs, cells were left in a culture dish with 1 ml of culture medium to which propidium iodide (Sigma-Aldrich) and Hoechst 33342 were added 45 minutes before capturing. <br>To maximize the possibility of comparison between samples, all samples (from a single cell line) were captured on the same day in a single run using the same microscope settings. For each time and each treatment, 10–12 fields of view were captured from randomized sites of the culture dish. Epifluorescent microscopy images and confocal microscopy images were acquired using Laser scanning confocal microscope Zeiss LSM 880 with AiryscanFast module (Carl Zeiss Inc.) using a C-apochromat 40x/1.20 W and C-Apochromat 63 /1.20 W. LysoTracker® Deep Red was excited HeNe 633 nm solid-state laser and emitted light was detected at 638–759 nm. Emerald GFP was excited 488 nm ArgonRemote laser, and emitted light was detected at 493–576 nm. TagRFP was excited DPSS 561 nm laser, and emitted light was detected at 570–650 nm. Hoechst 33342 was excited with a 405 nm solid-state laser, and emitted light was detected at 410–508 nm. Fluorescence images were acquired by the transmitted light detector. <br>Images were analyzed using ImageJ software and custom MATLAB software developed in our laboratory. The analysis process consists of the segmentation of cells from the background and extraction of the intensity of fluorescence channels (TagRFP, GFP, LysoTracker) inside cells. For segmentation, a thresholding-based method was used, where a manually selected threshold was applied. Segmentation was applied to the image created as the sum of all fluorescence channels to achieve segmentation independent of the intensity of individual channels. To achieve better segmentation without noisy pixels, fluorescence images were preprocessed with median filter (7x7) and Gaussian filter (standard deviation 1); additionally, binary segmentation was post-processed with morphological closing and removal of small binary connected components (<5000px). For intensity extraction, the mean value of segmented cell pixels was used for each field of view. Besides individual fluorescence channels, the mean colocalization of TagRFP and GFP was calculated with a pixel-wise multiplication of TagRFP and GFP channels.</p> <p><strong>File Naming</strong></p> <p>CZI images are organised in folders according to cell line, treatment time, and treatment. Names include magnification, cell line measured, treatment, and time of treatment,</p> <blockquote> <p>40x_FADU_BAF_12h_BF_4.czi</p> </blockquote> <p>The abbreviations used for treatments are as follows: BAF, bafilomycin A1; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine sulphate; Cpd18; APB, autophinib; EACC; RAPA, rapamycin; TOR1, Torin-1; BEZ, NVP-BEZ235; starv, starvation; </p>
Death and population dynamics affect mutation rate estimates and evolvability under stress in bacteria
<p>Code and data for Frenoy & Bonhoeffer 2018 (Death and population dynamics affect mutation rate estimates and evolvability under stress in bacteria, in PLoS Biology)</p> <p>See README for details and steps to reproduce the full analysis from the raw data</p>
Data from: Linking beaver dam affected flow dynamics to upstream passage of Arctic grayling
Beaver reintroductions and beaver dam structures are an increasingly utilized ecological tool for rehabilitating degraded streams, yet beaver dams can potentially impact upstream fish migrations. We collected two years of data on Arctic grayling movement through a series of beaver dams in a low gradient mountain stream, utilizing radio-telemetry techniques, to determine how hydrology, dam characteristics, and fish attributes impeded passage and movement rates of spawning grayling. We compared fish movement between a "normal" flow year and a "low" flow year, determined grayling passage probabilities over dams in relation to a suite of factors, and predicted daily movement rates in relation to the number of dams each fish passed and distance between dams during upstream migration to spawning areas. We found that the average passage probability over unbreached beaver dams was 88%, though we found that it fell below 50% at specific dams. Upstream passage of grayling was affected by three main characteristics: 1) temperature 2) breach status and 3) hydrologic linkages that connect sections of stream above and below the dam. Other variables influence passage, but to a lesser degree. Cumulative passage varied with distance upstream and total number of dams passed in low versus normal flow years, while movement rates upstream slowed as fish swam closer to dams. Our findings demonstrate that upstream passage of fish over beaver dams is strongly correlated with hydrologic conditions with moderate controls by dam- and fish-level characteristics. Our results provide a framework that can be applied to reduce barrier effects when and where beaver dams pose a significant threat to the upstream migration of fish populations while maintaining the diverse ecological benefits of beaver activity when dams are not a threat to fish passage.
Data for: Ectoparasite population dynamics affected by host body size but not host density or water temperature in a 32-year long time series
<p>Host density, host body size, and ambient temperature have all been positively associated with increases in parasite infection. However, the relative importance of these factors in shaping long-term parasite population dynamics in wild host populations is unknown due to the absence of long-term studies. Here, we examine long-term drivers of gill lice (Copepoda) infections in Arctic charr (Salmonidae) over 32 years. We predicted that host density and body size and water temperature would all positively affect parasite population size and population growth rate. Our results show that fish size was the main driver of gill lice infections in Arctic charr. In addition, Arctic charr became infected at smaller sizes and with more parasites in years of higher brown trout population size. Negative intraguild interactions between brown trout and Arctic charr appear to drive smaller Arctic charr to seek refuge in deeper areas of the lake, thus increasing infection risk. There was no effect of host density on the force of infection, and the relationship between Arctic charr density and parasite mean abundance was negative, possibly due to an encounter-dilution effect. The population densities of host and parasite fluctuated independently of one another. Water temperature had negligible effects on the temporal dynamics of the gill lice population. Understanding long-term drivers of parasite population dynamics is key for research and management. In fish farms, artificially high densities of hosts lead to vast increases in the transmission of parasitic copepods. However, in wild fish populations fluctuating at natural densities, the surface area available for copepodid attachment might be more important than the density of available hosts.</p>
Does pre-spawning catch and release angling affect offspring telomere dynamics in Atlantic salmon
<div> <p>The practice of 'catch and release' (C&R) angling confers a balance between animal welfare, conservation efforts and preserving the socio-economic interests of recreational angling. However, C&R angling can still cause exhaustion and physical injury, and often exposes the captured fish to the stress of air exposure. Therefore, the true conservation success of C&R angling depends on whether the angled individuals then survive to reproduction and whether there are any persisting effects on subsequent generations. Here we tested the hypothesis that the stress of C&R angling is then passed on to offspring. We experimentally manipulated the C&R experience of wild adult salmon prior to the spawning season. These parental fish either underwent a C&R simulation (which involved exercise with/without air exposure) or were left as control individuals. We then measured the telomere length of the arising offspring (at the larval stage of development) since previous studies have linked a shorter telomere length with reduced fitness/longevity and the rate of telomere loss is thought to be influenced by stress. Family-level telomere length was positively related to rate of growth. However, the telomere lengths of the salmon offspring were unrelated to the C&R experience of their parents. This may be due to there being no intergenerational effect of parental stress exposure on offspring telomeres, or to any potential effects being buffered by the significant telomere elongation mechanisms that are thought to occur during the embryonic and larval stages of development. While this may suggest that C&R angling has a minimal intergenerational effect on offspring fitness, there have been numerous other reports of negative C&R effects, therefore we should still be aiming to mitigate and refine such practices, in order to minimise their impacts on fish populations.</p> </div>
How does increasing mast seeding frequency affect population dynamics of seed consumers? Wild boar as a case study
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Data from: Non-native species affect the long-term dynamics of native stream fish assemblages
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Data from: How Hurricanes Irma and Maria affected population dynamics and nutrient content of <em>Aedes aegypti</em> in San Juan, PR, USA: socioeconomic and temporal factors
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Data from: Linking beaver dam affected flow dynamics to upstream passage of Arctic grayling
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Does pre-spawning catch and release angling affect offspring telomere dynamics in Atlantic salmon
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Data for: Ectoparasite population dynamics affected by host body size but not host density or water temperature in a 32-year long time series
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Reproductive strategies affect telomere dynamics across the life course
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Data from: Climate change and functional traits affect population dynamics of a long-lived seabird
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Data from: Microbial transfer through fecal strings on eggs affect leaf beetle microbiome dynamics
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.