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9 results for “airgun”
Data: Effects of seismic airgun playbacks on swimming patterns and behavioural states of Atlantic cod in a net pen
<p>Data abstract:</p> <p>We tracked individual fish using acoustic telemetry and exposed them to sound. Here, we provide (1) the raw acoustic tag detections, (2) the filtered/processed tag detections which served as an input for YAPS (Yet Another Positioning Solver), (3) the positions of the hydrophones (acoustic tag receivers), and (4) the positions of the fish (output of YAPS) and other relevant covariates (sun elevation, tide and treatment period).</p> <p> </p> <p>Paper abstract:</p> <p>Anthropogenic sound can affect fish behaviour and physiology which may affect their well-being. However, it remains a major challenge to translate such effects to consequences for fitness at an individual and population level. For this, energy budget models have been developed, but suitable data to parametrize these models are lacking. A first step towards such parametrization concerns the objective quantification of behavioural states at high resolution. We experimentally exposed individual Atlantic cod (<em>Gadus morhua</em>) in a net pen to the playback of seismic airgun sounds. We demonstrated that individual cod in the net pen did not change their swimming patterns immediately at the onset of the sound exposure. However, several individuals changed their time expenditure in three different behavioural states during the 1 h exposure. This may be suitable input for energy budget models that allow predictions about fitness consequences of acoustic disturbance.</p> <p> </p> <p>Paper reference:</p> <p>Hubert, J., Campbell, J. A., Slabbekoorn, H. (2020). Effects of seismic airgun playbacks on swimming patterns and behavioural states of Atlantic cod in a net pen. <em>Mar. Pollut. Bull.</em> <strong>160</strong>, 111680. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111680</p>
Data from: Fine-scale movement responses of free-ranging harbour porpoises to capture, tagging, and short-term noise pulses from a single airgun
Knowledge about the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on the behavioural responses of cetaceans is constrained by lack of data on fine-scale movements of individuals. We equipped five free-ranging harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) with high-resolution location and dive loggers and exposed them to a single 10 in3 underwater airgun producing high-intensity noise pulses (2−3 second intervals) for one minute. All five porpoises responded to capture and tagging with longer, faster and more directed movements as well as with shorter, shallower, less wiggly dives immediately after release, with natural behaviour resumed in ≤24 hours. When we exposed porpoises to airgun pulses at ranges of 420−690 m with noise level estimates of 135−147 dB re 1µPa2s (SEL), one individual displayed rapid and directed movements away from the exposure site and two individuals used shorter and shallower dives compared to natural behaviour immediately after exposure. Noise-induced movement typically lasted for ≤8 hours with an additional 24-hour recovery period until natural behaviour was resumed. The remaining individuals did not show any quantifiable responses to the noise exposure. Changes in natural behaviour following anthropogenic disturbances may reduce feeding opportunities and evaluating potential population-level consequences should be a priority research area.
Physiological responses of narwhals to anthropogenic noise: a case study with seismic airguns and vessel traffic in the Arctic
<p>Limited polar geographical range, narrowly defined migratory routes, and deep-diving behaviors make narwhals exceptionally vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances including oceanic noise. Although behavioral studies indicate marked responses of cetaceans to disturbance, the link between fear reactions and possible injury from noise exposure is limited for most species.</p> <p>To address this, we deployed custom-made heart rate-accelerometer-depth recorders on 13 adult narwhals in Scoresby Sound, East Greenland across a five-year period (2014-2018). Physiological responses of the cetaceans were monitored in the absence (n = 13 animals) or presence (n = 2 animals across 3 acoustic events) of experimentally directed, seismic airgun pulses and associated vessels (full volume source level = 241 dB re 1 μPa-m).</p> <p>We found that anthropogenic noise resulted in marked cardiovascular, respiratory and locomotor reactions by two narwhals exposed to seismic pulses across three acoustic events. The general behavioral response to seismic and vessel noise included an 80% reduction in the duration of gliding during dive descents by seismic-exposed narwhals compared to controls, and the prolongation of high-intensity activity (ODBA > 0.20 g) with elevated stroke frequencies exceeding 40 strokes per minute. Noise exposure also resulted intense (< 10 bpm) bradycardia that was decoupled from stroking frequency. This decoupling instigated increased variability in heart rate, with the heart switching rapidly between bradycardia and exercise tachycardia during noise exposure. Maximum respiratory frequency following seismic exposure, 12 breaths.min<sup>-1</sup>, was 1.5 times control levels.</p> <p>Overall, the effect of seismic/ship noise exposure on wild narwhals was a 2.0 – 2.2-fold increase in the energetic cost of diving, which paradoxically occurred during suppression of the cardiac exercise response. This unusual relationship between diving heart rate and exercise intensity represents a new metric for characterizing the level of fear reactions of wild marine mammals exposed to different environmental stressors. Together, the multi-level reactions to anthropogenic noise by this deep-diving cetacean demonstrated how a cascade of effects along the entire oxygen pathway could challenge physiological homeostasis especially if disturbance is prolonged.</p>
Narwhals react to ship noise and airgun pulses embedded in background noise
<p>Anthropogenic activities are increasing in the Arctic posing a threat to species with high seasonal site-fidelity, such as the narwhal Monodon monoceros. In this controlled sound exposure study, six narwhals were live-captured and instrumented with animal-borne tags providing movement and behavioural data, and exposed to concurrent ship noise and airgun pulses. All narwhals reacted to sound exposure by reduced buzzing rates, where the response was dependent on the magnitude of exposure defined as 1/distance to ship. Halving of buzzing rate, compared with undisturbed behaviour, and cessation of foraging occurred at 12 and ~7-8 km from the ship, respectively. The effect of exposure could be detected > 40 km from the ship. At distances > 5 km, the received high-frequency cetacean weighted sound exposure levels were below background noise indicating sensitivity of narwhals towards sound disturbance and demonstrating their ability to detect signals embedded in noise. Further studies are needed to evaluate the energetic costs of disrupted foraging due to sustained disturbance but the observed sensitivity should be considered in the management of anthropogenic activities in the Arctic. The results of this study emphasize the importance of controlled sound exposure studies in the wild to explore the auditory capabilities of odontocetes.</p>
Narwhals react to ship noise and airgun pulses embedded in background noise
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Data from: Fine-scale movement responses of free-ranging harbour porpoises to capture, tagging, and short-term noise pulses from a single airgun
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Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) reaction to a 3D seismic airgun survey in the North Sea
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Physiological responses of narwhals to anthropogenic noise: a case study with seismic airguns and vessel traffic in the Arctic
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Airgun-ocean bottom seismometer survey dataset
<p>These data are the seismic waveform recordsections and the P-wave velocity model obtained by Azuma et al. (JGR, 2018), collected through an airgun-ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) survey.</p> <p>The recordsections of 29 OBS are 'RAW data' with no waveform procedure and are formatted in SEG-Y. Length of each trace is 60 seconds. Offset ranges, distances along the survey line, position of each shot and OBS, are included in header.</p> <p>The final velocity data is written in netCDF.</p>
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OpenNeuro
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