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13 results for “alien birds”
Trait-habitat associations explain novel bird assemblages mixing native and alien species across New-Zealand landscapes
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Species introductions have reshaped island faunas for the last 200 years, often threatening native biodiversity. Approximately equal numbers of native and alien species currently co-occur in the New Zealand avifauna, but they show distinct habitat use. Antagonistic interactions, habitat affinities and legacies of introduction history may concur to explain their segregation along habitat gradients. To investigate these processes, we explored how habitat, ecological traits and introduction history relate with the current composition of bird assemblages.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: New Zealand</p> <p><strong>Taxon</strong>: Birds</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We analysed 917 bird point counts spread along habitat and elevation gradients in the Canterbury region, South Island, and related 10 ecological traits to landscape composition using a three-table ordination method known as 'RLQ analysis', accounting for spatial autocorrelation and phylogeny. We tested whether alien species' positions in the RLQ were related to proxies of introduction history.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Eighteen endemic, 11 native and 19 alien species were distributed along a gradient from forest to open-habitat assemblages, in relation to foraging mode, nesting site and body size. A second gradient segregated species between native and exotic forests according to territoriality, sedentarity and diet. Traits accounted for the separation of native and alien bird species in forests, but not in open habitats. Phylogenetic signals emerged from the separation of native and alien species by forest type, and spatial structures suggested a landscape-level, rather than regional or local determinism. These correlations were independent of introduction history, although open-habitat assemblages tended to host alien species introduced later in time. </p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Habitat type and resource availability explain the spatial partitioning of New Zealand bird assemblages between native and alien species more consistently than competitive exclusion. We conclude that trait-mediated ecological differences among species have likely played a predominant role in species' segregation among landscapes, while maintaining endemic bird assemblages in native forests. </p>
Data from: Identifying links between the biodiversity impacts and monetary costs of alien birds
<p>This dataset accompanies a published paper (Evans et al. 2023) which aims to identify links between the biodiversity impacts and monetary costs of alien bird species. In this paper we used mixed-effects models to test: (1) whether alien bird species with severe biodiversity impacts also had high monetary costs; (2) whether specific types of biodiversity impacts were associated with high monetary costs; and (3) whether certain factors caused alien bird species to have both severe biodiversity impacts and high monetary costs. This dataset includes all data used for the analysis, including biodiversity impact scores and monetary costs for each alien bird species, and the variables tested for their influence on these biodiversity impacts and costs. Please refer to Evans et al. (2023) for details on the methods used. The abstract to the published paper follows.</p> <ol> <li>Alien species can be damaging to native biodiversity, human well-being and the economy. Identifying the complete range of impacts they cause, and the ways that these impacts are connected, may inform the prioritisation of management actions to mitigate impacts.</li> <li>Using datasets on the biodiversity impacts and monetary costs (damage and management costs) of alien birds, we aimed to establish whether species with the most severe biodiversity impacts also had the highest costs; whether types of biodiversity impact were associated with high costs; and whether specific factors associated with alien species are linked to both damaging biodiversity impacts and high costs.</li> <li>We identified a positive relationship between a specific type of biodiversity impact (predation) and costs, possibly because predation by alien birds can be severely damaging to native species and therefore attracts management actions. However, predation impacts are likely to occur more frequently and to be easier to identify than some other impact mechanisms such as hybridisation and transmission of diseases, and they are therefore likely to be more frequently managed, and hence to have costs.</li> <li>We identified a specific species characteristic (generalism) to be associated with severe biodiversity impacts and high costs, probably because generalist species have greater opportunity to cause impacts, whether they be on biodiversity or the economy, or both. We also found widely distributed alien birds to be associated with high costs, probably also because these species have greater opportunity to cause impacts.</li> <li>Management interventions that prevent the introduction of both predatory and generalist alien bird species, or that reduce their geographic distribution at early stages of invasions, may have significant biodiversity and economic benefits.</li> </ol>
Testing the links between bird diversity, alien species and disturbance within a human-modified landscape
<p>Introduced alien species are associated with lower taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of native communities and negative impacts on ecosystem functioning. This is particularly evident in habitats where human disturbance may favour alien species, posing an additional stressor on native communities. Following the community resistance hypothesis (higher diversity promotes higher resistance to invasion), we predicted: i) higher taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity (TD, FD and PD respectively) in non-invaded bird communities (i.e. no alien bird species); and, ii) higher diversity and resistance to invasion in less human-disturbed areas. We surveyed bird communities in a modified Mediterranean landscape subject to varying levels of human disturbance. We tested whether TD, FD and PD were significantly different between non-invaded and invaded bird communities, and assessed the effect of land classes (forest, agriculture, urban), landscape composition and heterogeneity on these metrics. We found that non-invaded communities retained higher TD and FD, but not PD, than invaded communities. Alien birds occupied marginal niches in invaded communities, and did not fully compensate for the taxonomic and functional diversity loss caused by the absence of native species. These results were consistent across different land classes, suggesting weak environmental filtering of communities. Generally, less human-modified and more heterogeneous areas supported higher TD regardless of the presence of alien species. FD and PD of invaded communities decreased with increases in human-modified areas, whereas non-invaded communities were not affected. Our results suggest that even within a human-modified landscape, invaded community diversity is more affected by, and thus has a lower resilience to, disturbance. Restoring and protecting natural habitats within human-modified landscapes is likely to increase the resilience of native species.</p>
Testing the links between bird diversity, alien species and disturbance within a human-modified landscape
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Data from: Identifying links between the biodiversity impacts and monetary costs of alien birds
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Trait-habitat associations explain novel bird assemblages mixing native and alien species across New-Zealand landscapes
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Data from: What factors increase the vulnerability of native birds to the impacts of alien birds?
<p>This dataset accompanies a published paper (Evans et al. 2021) which aims to identify the factors that influence the vulnerability of native bird species to the impacts of alien bird species. In this paper we used mixed-effects models to test 14 variables that we hypothesised to influence vulnerability: this is a dataset of the 14 varaibles. We carried out our analyses using ten sets of these 14 variables: we provide all ten sets of these variables here. Please refer to Evans at al. (2021) for details on the methods used. An abstract to the published paper follows.</p> <p>Biodiversity impacts caused by alien species can be severe, including those caused by alien birds. In order to protect native birds, we aimed to identify factors that influence their vulnerability to the impacts of alien birds. We first reviewed the literature to identify native bird species sustaining such impacts. We then assigned impact severity scores to each native bird species, depending on the severity of the impacts sustained, and performed two types of analyses. First, we used contingency table tests to examine the distribution of impacts across their severity, type and location, and across native bird orders. Second, we used mixed-effects models to test factors hypothesised to influence the vulnerability of native birds to the impacts of alien birds.</p> <p>Ground-nesting shorebirds and seabirds were more prone to impacts through predation, while cavity-nesting woodpeckers and parrots were more prone to impacts through competition. Native bird species were more vulnerable when they occupied islands, warm regions, regions with climatic conditions similar to those in the native range of the invading alien species, and when they were physically smaller than the invading alien species. To a lesser extent, they were also vulnerable when they shared habitat preferences with the invading alien species.</p> <p>By considering the number and type of native bird species affected by alien birds, we demonstrate predation impacts to be more widespread than previously indicated, but also that damaging predation impacts may be underreported. We identify vulnerable orders of native birds, which may require conservation interventions; characteristics of native birds that increase their vulnerability, which may be used to inform risk assessments; and regions where native birds are most vulnerable, which may direct management interventions. The impacts sustained by native birds may be going unnoticed in many regions of the world: there is a clear need to identify and manage them.</p>
Changing bird migration patterns have potential to enhance dispersal of alien plants from urban centres
<p>In this version I have uploaded the revised code and a list of plant species following reviewer comments in the revision process for the MS.</p>
Data from: What factors increase the vulnerability of native birds to the impacts of alien birds?
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Supplementary material 3 from: Evans T, Blackburn TM, Jeschke JM, Probert AF, Bacher S (2020) Application of the Socio-Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT) to a global assessment of alien bird impacts. In: Wilson JR, Bacher S, Daehler CC, Groom QJ, Kumschick S, Lockwood JL, Robinson TB, Zengeya TA, Richardson DM. NeoBiota 62: 123-142. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.51150
Nine additional tables
Supplementary material 2 from: Evans T, Blackburn TM, Jeschke JM, Probert AF, Bacher S (2020) Application of the Socio-Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT) to a global assessment of alien bird impacts. In: Wilson JR, Bacher S, Daehler CC, Groom QJ, Kumschick S, Lockwood JL, Robinson TB, Zengeya TA, Richardson DM. NeoBiota 62: 123-142. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.51150
Appendix B
Supplementary material 1 from: Evans T, Blackburn TM, Jeschke JM, Probert AF, Bacher S (2020) Application of the Socio-Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT) to a global assessment of alien bird impacts. In: Wilson JR, Bacher S, Daehler CC, Groom QJ, Kumschick S, Lockwood JL, Robinson TB, Zengeya TA, Richardson DM. NeoBiota 62: 123-142. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.51150
Appendix A
Data from: Alien species richness is currently unbounded in all but the most urbanized bird communities
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