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11 results for “alien grasses”
First spectral Reflectance Dataset of Equisetum hyemale (Snake grass) Invasive Alien Plant
<p><em><span>This repository contains the first spectral reflectance dataset of <span>snakegrass</span> (Equisetum hyemale) invasive alien species recorded in South Africa. Spectral reflectance measurements were collected under lab conditions using the Spectral Evolution PSR-300 full-range spectrometer. Spectral pre-processing was performed in R statistical software to remove noisy spectra and regions and perform averaging per sample (code accessible: https://github.com/mkganyago/SpectralEvolutionFileReader).<br></span></em></p>
Figure 6 in New records of alien and potentially invasive grass (Poaceae) species for southern Africa
Figure 6. Jarava plumosa global distribution map, with country- or regional-level shading, taken and modified from POWO (2020).
Figure 2 in New records of alien and potentially invasive grass (Poaceae) species for southern Africa
Figure 2. Agrostis capillaris global distribution map, with country- or regional-level shading, taken and modified from POWO (2020).
Figure 5 in New records of alien and potentially invasive grass (Poaceae) species for southern Africa
Figure 5. Jarava plumosa; A, whole plant; B, inflorescence close-up; C, floret. Image A of R.J. Soreng et al. ZA-30 (US), B and C of R.J. Soreng et al. ZA-30 (PRE).
Figure 4 in New records of alien and potentially invasive grass (Poaceae) species for southern Africa
Figure 4. Festuca rubra global distribution map, with country- or regional-level shading, taken and modified from POWO (2020).
Figure 3 in New records of alien and potentially invasive grass (Poaceae) species for southern Africa
Figure 3. Festuca rubra; A, whole plant; B, lateral-tending rhizome covered in cataphylls; C, leaf sheath and junction with blade of a tiller showing strigose hairs; D, spikelet; E, base of palea with lemma removed to reveal the ovary and stamens; F, close-up of glabrous ovary apex. Images A and B of S.P. Sylvester et al. 3455 (US), C–F of S.P. Sylvester et al. 3455 (PRE).
Field-based ecological studies to assess prospective biological control agents for invasive alien plants: an example from giant rat's tail grass
<p>1. Biological control (biocontrol) of invasive alien plants is a widely utilised weed management tool. Prospective biocontrol agents are typically assessed through host-specificity testing and pre-release efficacy studies performed in quarantine. However, rearing of the potential biocontrol agents and/or test plants is often difficult or impossible under quarantine conditions. Moreover, practitioners may attain laboratory-artefacts in quarantine, which may result in the potential agent being needlessly rejected. Field-based studies in the weed's indigenous distribution could overcome these issues.</p> <p>2. Sporobolus pyramidalis and Sporobolus natalensis (giant rat's tail grass; Poaceae) are indigenous in Africa but have become problematic invasive alien plants in Australia. A previous biocontrol programme was terminated because the candidate agent could not be reared and tested in quarantine. We performed field-based host-specificity and efficacy studies for prospective biocontrol agents in South Africa (indigenous distribution). Forty-seven non-target grass species were sampled during host-specificity assessments. Candidate agent efficacy was estimated based on damage to the target weeds, for each host-specific candidate individually and in combination with other host-specific candidates.</p> <p>3. Three species of endophagous wasps were deemed host-specific. Efficacy assessments identified an undescribed stem-boring wasp (Tetramesa sp.) species as the most damaging candidate. A second Tetramesa species was much less damaging alone but had a cumulative impact on the plant in combination with the more damaging Tetramesa species. Both Tetramesa species are recommended for importation into quarantine in Australia for confirmatory host-specificity testing with a significantly reduced test plant list.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: Similar field-based assessments in the indigenous distribution of weeds targeted for biocontrol could be included in future programmes. Where rearing of potential agents and/or test plants is difficult or impossible under quarantine conditions, our field-based method provides an alternative. Where quarantine-based testing is feasible, this method ensures that only candidates that have passed an ecologically realistic host-specificity and potential efficacy screening are imported into quarantine. This may reduce the number of agents that are imported and the length of time each agent is kept in quarantine. This is advantageous because quarantine space is highly valuable and is usually a limiting factor in pre-release assessments of biocontrol agents.</p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Nkuna KV, Visser V, Wilson JRU, Kumschick S (2018) Global environmental and socio-economic impacts of selected alien grasses as a basis for ranking threats to South Africa. NeoBiota 41: 19-65. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.41.26599
Figure S2 : Explanation note: The impact magnitude of the 48 studied alien grasses across different habitats. The impact magnitudes on the x-axis are the least-square means of the impact scores as derived from a cumulative link mixed effects model. On the y-axis are the habitat types impacted by alien grasses and in brackets is the number of species with records in that habitat. The points represent the impact magnitudes and the error bars represent 95 % confidence intervals. Letters on the right side of the confidence intervals are level groupings indicating no significant differences among the habits. Comparisons are Tukey adjusted.
Supplementary material 1 from: Nkuna KV, Visser V, Wilson JRU, Kumschick S (2018) Global environmental and socio-economic impacts of selected alien grasses as a basis for ranking threats to South Africa. NeoBiota 41: 19-65. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.41.26599
Supplementary material 1 from: Nkuna KV, Visser V, Wilson JRU, Kumschick S (2018) Global environmental and socio-economic impacts of selected alien grasses as a basis for ranking threats to South Africa. NeoBiota 41: 19-65. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.41.26599
Field-based ecological studies to assess prospective biological control agents for invasive alien plants: an example from giant rat’s tail grass
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure1 in New records of alien and potentially invasive grass (Poaceae) species for southern Africa
Figure1. Agrostis capillaris; A, whole plant; B, junction of sheath and blade of a tiller [sheath should be expanded to see clearly that the ligule is shorter than broad]; C, inflorescence close-up; D, spikelets, lateral view; E, floret, ventral view, showing the well-developed palea. Image A of S.P. Sylvester et al. 3451 (US), B–E of S.P. Sylvester et al. 3451 (PRE).
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