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16 results for “alien insects”
Alien insect dispersal mediated by the global movement of commodities
<p>Globalization and economic growth are recognized as key drivers of biological invasions. Alien species have become a feature of almost every biological community worldwide, and rates of new introductions continue to rise as the movement of people and goods accelerates. Insects are among the most numerous and problematic alien organisms, and are mainly introduced unintentionally with imported cargo or arriving passengers. However, the processes occurring prior to insect introductions remain poorly understood. We used a unique dataset of 1,902,392 border interception records from inspections at air, land and maritime ports in Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Japan, the United States of America and Canada to identify key commodities associated with insect movement through trade and travel. A total of 8,939 species were intercepted, and commodity association data were available for 1,242 species recorded between 1960 and 2019. We used rarefaction and extrapolation methods to estimate the total species richness and diversity associated with different commodity types. Plant and wood products were the main commodities associated with insect movement across cargo, passenger baggage and international mail. Furthermore, certain species were mainly associated with specific commodities within these, and other broad categories. More closely related species tended to share similar commodity associations, but this occurred largely at the genus level rather than within orders or families. These similarities within genera can potentially inform pathway management of new alien species. Combining interception records across regions provides a unique window into the unintentional movement of insects, and provides valuable information on establishment risks associated with different commodity types and pathways.</p>
Fig. 1 in Alien hitchhiker insect species detected from the international vessels entering into Korea in 2021
Fig. 1. Body photos on detected individuals of the alien hitchhiking insect species from the international vessels. A. Chondracris rosea (Acrididae, Orthoptera); B. Mecopoda elongata (Tettigoniidae, ditto); C. Epidaus famulus (Reduviidae, Hemiptera); D. Poecilocoris druraei (Scutelleridae, ditto); E, F. Neochauliodes meridionalis (Corydalidae, Megaloptera); G. Calathus fuscipes (Carabidae, Coleoptera); H. Odontolabis cuvera (Lucanidae, ditto); I. Eriopis chilensis (Coccinellidae, ditto); J. Sagra femorata (Chrysomelidae, ditto); K. Anoplophora horsfieldii (Cerambycidae, ditto); L. Cryptocheilus australis (Pompilidae, Hymenoptera); M. Atta colombica (Formicidae, ditto); N. Eucera nigrescens (Apidae, ditto); O. Palpita quadristigmalis (Crambidae, Lepidoptera).
Fig. 2 in Alien hitchhiker insect species detected from the international vessels entering into Korea in 2021
Fig. 2. Body photos on detected individuals of the alien hitchhiking insect species from the international vessels. A. Arippara disticha (Pyralidae, Lepidoptera); B, C. Blenina donans (Nolidae, ditto); D. Gadirtha fusca (Nolidae, ditto); E. Chloroclystis pyrrholopha (Geomet- ridae, ditto); F. Achaea serva (Erebidae, ditto); G. Anomis combinans (Erebidae, ditto); H. Eudocima procus (Erebidae, ditto); I. Laspeyria subrosea (Erebidae, ditto); J. Mimophisma delunaris (Erebidae, ditto); K, L. Euhampsonia serratifera (Notodontidae, ditto); M. Dendrolimus punctatus (Lasiocampidae, ditto); N. Clanis stenosema (Sphingidae, ditto).
Figure 1 in Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), two new invasive alien species for insect fauna of Macedonia
Figure 1. The finding sites of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (triangle) and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (point) in Macedonia.
Figure 2 in Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), two new invasive alien species for insect fauna of Macedonia
Figure 2. The western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann found on Pinus nigra at Prilep Lake.
Alien insect dispersal mediated by the global movement of commodities
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Dataset for: Designing a surveillance program for early detection of alien plants and insects in Norway
<p><span>Naturalized species of alien plants and animals comprise < 3% of biodiversity recorded in Norway but have had major impacts on natural ecosystems through displacement of native species. Encroachment of alien species has been especially problematic for coastal sites close to transport facilities and urban areas with high-density housing. The goal of our field project was to design and test a surveillance program for early detection of alien species of vascular plants and terrestrial insects at the first phase of establishment in natural areas. In our 3-year project (2018–2020), we sampled 60 study plots in three counties in the Oslofjord region of southern Norway. Study plots (6.25 ha) were selected by two criteria: manual selection based on expert opinion (27 plots) or by random selection based on weights from a hotspot analysis of occurrence of alien species (33 plots). Vascular plants were surveyed by two experienced botanists who found a total of 239 alien species of vascular plants in 95 rounds of surveys. Insects and other invertebrates were captured with a single Malaise trap per site, with 3-4 rounds of repeated sampling. We used DNA-metabarcoding to identify invertebrates based on DNA extractions from crushed insects or from the preservative media. Over 3,500 invertebrate taxa were detected in 255 rounds of sampling. We recorded 20 alien species of known risk and 115 species that were new to Norway, including several 'doorknocker' species identified by previous risk assessments. We modeled the probabilities of occupancy (</span><span>y</span><span>) and detection (p) with occupancy models with repeated visits by multiple observers (vascular plants) or multiple rounds of sampling (insects). The two probabilities covaried with risk category for alien organisms and both were low for species categorized as no known or low risk (range = 0.052 to 0.326) but were higher for species categorized as severe risk (range = 0.318 to 0.651). Selecting sites at random or manually did not improve the probability of finding novel alien species, but occupancy had a weak positive relationship with housing density for some categories of alien plants and insects. We used our empirical estimates to test alternative sampling designs that would minimize the combined variance of occupancy and detection (A-optimality criterion). Sampling designs with 8–10 visits per site were best for surveillance of new alien species if the probabilities of occupancy and detection were both low, and provided low conditional probabilities of site occupancy (psi-hat(cond) </span><span>£</span><span> 0.032) and a high probabilities of cumulative detection (p-hat(star) </span><span>³</span><span> 0.943). Our field results demonstrate that early detection is feasible as a key component of a national surveillance program based on early detection and rapid response (EDRR). </span></p>
The world's 100 worst invasive alien insect species
<ol> <li>While there has been great interest in species characteristics that promote invasiveness, still little is known about the characteristics that distinguish invasive from non-invasive insects. Using a database on the naturalized distributions of alien insects and expert opinions about their impacts, we identified the world's 100 worst invasive insect species.</li> <li>By comparing species characteristics reported in the literature using a meta-analysis, between the 100 worst invasive species and related non-invasive species, we found that invasive insects overall have more pathways of introduction, occur in more habitats, have higher fecundities, higher voltinism, more genes, shorted lifespans and faster development from egg to adult. Some of the differences in species characteristics are related to propagule pressures, life-histories and biotic interactions, conditional on whether the non-invasive species compared is known to be naturalized somewhere, whether the invasive species is globally distributed, and the climatic region of the species.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>: We show for the first time, using a multi-species comparative approach, that invasive insects differ in several characteristics from related non-invasive insects. Our results show that invasive species, such as Spodoptera frugiperda, typically are habitat generalists with a high fecundity, a short lifespan, and fast development, whereas the importance of female body size and number of enemies are context dependent. Our study can guide and improve existing screening tools for assessing the invasion potential of alien insects.</li> </ol>
Dataset for: Designing a surveillance program for early detection of alien plants and insects in Norway
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The world’s 100 worst invasive alien insect species
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Supplementary material 2 from: Brockerhoff EG, Gresham BA, Meurisse N, Nahrung HF, Perret-Gentil A, Pugh AR, Sopow SL, Turner RM (2023) Pining away and at home: global utilisation of Pinus radiata by native and non-native insects. In: Jactel H, Orazio C, Robinet C, Douma JC, Santini A, Battisti A, Branco M, Seehausen L, Kenis M (Eds) Conceptual and technical innovations to better manage invasions of alien pests and pathogens in forests. NeoBiota 84: 137-167. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.84.95864
Statistics for Table 2. Statistical tests of proportions out of all species among feeding types for impacts, establishments and interceptions.
Supplementary material 3 from: Brockerhoff EG, Gresham BA, Meurisse N, Nahrung HF, Perret-Gentil A, Pugh AR, Sopow SL, Turner RM (2023) Pining away and at home: global utilisation of Pinus radiata by native and non-native insects. In: Jactel H, Orazio C, Robinet C, Douma JC, Santini A, Battisti A, Branco M, Seehausen L, Kenis M (Eds) Conceptual and technical innovations to better manage invasions of alien pests and pathogens in forests. NeoBiota 84: 137-167. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.84.95864
Numbers (and percentages) of species by impact class, and whether or not they have been intercepted (based on the international interceptions dataset covering the period 1995–2021) or established in a region outside their native range.
Supplementary material 4 from: Brockerhoff EG, Gresham BA, Meurisse N, Nahrung HF, Perret-Gentil A, Pugh AR, Sopow SL, Turner RM (2023) Pining away and at home: global utilisation of Pinus radiata by native and non-native insects. In: Jactel H, Orazio C, Robinet C, Douma JC, Santini A, Battisti A, Branco M, Seehausen L, Kenis M (Eds) Conceptual and technical innovations to better manage invasions of alien pests and pathogens in forests. NeoBiota 84: 137-167. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.84.95864
Percentages of species native to a region in each feeding guild, regardless of impact. Those in the "Native country: other" category are species native to other regions but not to Australia or New Zealand.
Supplementary material 1 from: Demetriou J, Radea C, Peyton JM, Groom Q, Roques A, Rabitsch W, Seraphides N, Arianoutsou M, Roy HE, Martinou AF (2023) The Alien to Cyprus Entomofauna (ACE) database: a review of the current status of alien insects (Arthropoda, Insecta) including an updated species checklist, discussion on impacts and recommendations for informing management. NeoBiota 83: 11-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.83.96823
Checklist of alien insects of Cyprus
Supplementary material 2 from: Demetriou J, Radea C, Peyton JM, Groom Q, Roques A, Rabitsch W, Seraphides N, Arianoutsou M, Roy HE, Martinou AF (2023) The Alien to Cyprus Entomofauna (ACE) database: a review of the current status of alien insects (Arthropoda, Insecta) including an updated species checklist, discussion on impacts and recommendations for informing management. NeoBiota 83: 11-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.83.96823
Alien biological control agents intentionally introduced to Cyprus
Supplementary material 1 from: Brockerhoff EG, Gresham BA, Meurisse N, Nahrung HF, Perret-Gentil A, Pugh AR, Sopow SL, Turner RM (2023) Pining away and at home: global utilisation of Pinus radiata by native and non-native insects. In: Jactel H, Orazio C, Robinet C, Douma JC, Santini A, Battisti A, Branco M, Seehausen L, Kenis M (Eds) Conceptual and technical innovations to better manage invasions of alien pests and pathogens in forests. NeoBiota 84: 137-167. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.84.95864
Pest list of insects feeding on Pinus radiata worldwide
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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