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19 results for “allochthonous”
Allochthonous Nutrients in the Sarracenia Microecosystem at Harvard Forest 2005-2007
Linkages between detritus-based ("brown") food webs and producer-based ("green") food webs are critical components of ecosystem functionality, but these linkages are difficult to study because soil is opaque and brown food webs are poorly characterized. We used the well-defined detritus-based food web that forms in water-filled leaves of the pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea to directly study how food web structure affects nitrogen (N) transformation and N-uptake by the plant itself. We used isotopically-enriched prey (detritus) and soluble inorganic N to test three predictions of the hypotheses that N uptake efficiency (UE) by S. purpurea is enhanced by the presence of a complete food web in its pitchers: (1) presence of top trophic levels increases UE of prey-derived, but not inorganic, N; (2) UE is contingent on availability of different forms of N; and (3) congeneric Sarracenia species that do not host food webs differ from S. purpurea in UE of prey-derived N. Surprisingly, none of these predictions were borne out in a 3-month greenhouse experiment. We conclude that the higher trophic-level members of this brown food web actively process detritus, but it is the activity of the microbial component of this web that ultimately influences N-availability in S. purpurea.
Long term responses of first order streams to allochthonous and detrital manipulations at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC from 1984 to 2006
This dataset examines the long term effects of litter exclusion, small and large wood removal, and the addition of leaf species of varying detrital quality on organic matter standing crop, export of organic and inorganic particles, and invertebrate abundance and biomass in a high-gradient headwater stream. Pre-treatment and stream reference data are also included. This study was conducted at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory watersheds 53, 54, and 55 from years 1988 through 2006.
A preliminary study of the allochthonous inputs into tropical streams across a land use gradient in Sabah, Malaysia
<b>Description: </b><p>Leaf and invertebrate biomass in streams</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/174"><b>A preliminary study of the allochthonous inputs into tropical streams across a land use gradient in Sabah, Malaysia</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=19">here</a></p><p><b>Data worksheets: </b>There are 2 data worksheets in this dataset:</p><ol><li><p><b>Insects</b> (Worksheet Insects)</p><p>Dimensions: 23 rows by 11 columns</p><p>Description: Insect capture rates</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Location</b>: SAFE project riparian site (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Stream</b>: SAFE project stream (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Repeat</b>: sample number for that stream (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Total Mass of Insects (g)</b>: the total dried mass of insects collected for each of the repeats (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Total Insects</b>: the total number of insects collected in each repeat (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Hymenoptera</b>: the total number of hymenoptera in each repeat (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Diptera</b>: the total number of diptera in each repeat (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Coleoptera</b>: the total number of coleoptera in each repeat (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Other.Insect</b>: the grouped total of Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Blattodea, Trichoptera, Mantodea, Ephemeroptera, Dermaptera for each repeat (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Other</b>: the grouped total of Arachnida, Entognatha, Diplopoda, Chilopoda for each repeat (Field type: Abundance)</li></ul><br></li><li><p><b>Hydrology</b> (Worksheet Hydrology)</p><p>Dimensions: 60 rows by 17 columns</p><p>Description: River characteristics and litter quantities</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Location</b>: SAFE project riparian site (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Stream Code</b>: The stream from which the sample was taken (LFE, 15m, 30m, VJR or OP) (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Transect No.</b>: The point of each sample within the 100m transect at each stream (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Channel Width</b>: The bank full width of the channel at this point (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Wetted Width</b>: The width of the runnin water at this point (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>SAFE Habitat Quality Right</b>: the SAFE Habitat quality on the right of the channel when looking upstream (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>SAFE Habitat Quality Centre</b>: the SAFE Habitat quality in the centre of the channel when looking upstream (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>SAFE Habitat Quality Left</b>: the SAFE Habitat quality on the left of the channel when looking upstream (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>Flow Rate Right (s)</b>: the time taken for a tennis ball to travel 10m in the water on the right of the channel when looking upstream (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Flow Rate Centre (s)</b>: the time taken for a tennis ball to travel 10m in the water in the centre of the channel when looking upstream (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Flow Rate Left (s)</b>: the time taken for a tennis ball to travel 10m in the water on the left of the channel when looking upstream (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Average Flow Rate (s)</b>: an average of flow rate centre, flow rate left and flow rate right (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Leaf Litter Retention (g)</b>: the dried mass of leaf litter retained across the wetted width of the stream at each point (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Average Substrate Size</b>: the average size of the substrate across the channel width of the stream at each point (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Leaf Litter Trap Position</b>: the position where the leaf litter trap was placed relative to the stream when looking upstream (left, right or centre) (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Leaf Litter Mass</b>: the dried mass of leaf litter collected in the leaf litter trap at each point (Field type: Numeric)</li></ul><br></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2017-02-06 to 2017-07-06</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6314 to 4.7273</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>117.4556 to 117.6233</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Animalia<br> - Arthropoda<br> -  - Insecta<br> -  -  - Coleoptera<br> -  -  - Diptera<br> -  -  - Hymenoptera<br> -  - [Other.Insect]<br></div><p></p>
Channelling of basal resources and use of allochthonous marine carbon by soil arthropods of the Wadden Sea salt marsh
<p>Salt marshes are located between the marine and terrestrial systems. Because they form as sediment accumulates, they comprise a gradient of shore height with differing inundation frequencies and associated abiotic soil conditions. Along this gradient, both autochthonous vascular plant resources and allochthonous marine algal or detrital resources are available, with the availability of both varying with season and salt marsh zone. However, little is known about the importance of either resource for the soil animal food web. We investigated both spatial and temporal resource use of the soil macro- and mesofauna of the salt marsh using neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFAs). Generally, irrespective of season and zone the soil animal food web relied on carbon originating from autochthonous vascular plants and associated bacteria and fungi, with the role of bacteria generally exceeding that of fungi. However, the channelling of fungal resources consistently peaked in October, whereas seasonal changes in the channelling of plant and bacterial resources varied among salt marsh zones. Further, variations in the channelling of resources with season and zone varied among salt marsh animal species. Although being only minor, allochthonous resources of marine origin contributed to soil food web nutrition across salt marsh zones and seasons. The contribution of algae to soil food web nutrition depended on inundation frequency and season, i.e. algal productivity. Overall, the results demonstrate that the salt marsh soil fauna predominantly relies on autochthonous vascular plant resources, with the contribution of allochthonous marine resources being minor and restricted to few taxa.</p>
Callithrix aurita: Occurrence, allochthonous species and landscape attributes
<p><span>The</span> <span>buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (<em>Callithrix</em> <em>aurita</em>) is a small primate endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome, and one of the 25 most endangered primates in the world, due to fragmentation, loss of habitat and invasion by allochthonous <em>Callithrix</em> species. Using occurrence data for <em>C. aurita</em> from published data papers, we employed model selection using Akaike Information Criterion corrected for small samples and cumulative AICc weight (w<sub>+</sub>) to evaluate whether fragment size, distance to fragments with allochthonous species, altitude, connectivity, and surrounding matrices influence the occurrence of <em>C. aurita</em> within its distributional range. Distance to fragments with <em>C. jacchus</em> (w<sub>+</sub> = 0.94) and non-vegetated areas (w<sub>+</sub> = 0.59) correlated negatively with <em>C. aurita</em> occurrence. Conversely, the percentage of agriculture and pasture mosaic (w<sub>+</sub> = 0.61) and the percentage of savanna formation (w<sub>+</sub> = 0.59) in the surrounding matrix correlated positively with <em>C. aurita</em> occurrence. The findings indicate that <em>C. aurita</em> is isolated in forest fragments surrounded by potentially inhospitable matrices, along with proximity of a more generalist and invasive species, thereby increasing the possibility of introgressive hybridization. The findings also highlighted the importance of landscape elements and allochthonous congeneric species for <em>C. aurita</em> conservation, besides indicating urgency for allochthonous species management. Finally, the approach used here can be applied to improve conservation studies of other endangered species, such as <em>C. flaviceps</em>, which is also endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and faces the same challenges.</span></p>
Callithrix aurita: Occurrence, allochthonous species and landscape attributes
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Channelling of basal resources and use of allochthonous marine carbon by soil arthropods of the Wadden Sea salt marsh
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Allochthonous resources are less important for faunal communities on highly productive, small tropical islands
<p><span>Ecosystems are interconnected by energy fluxes that provide resources for the inhabiting organisms along the transition zone. Especially where in-situ production is low, ecosystems can become highly dependent on external resources. The dependency on external input becomes less pronounced in systems with elevated in-situ production, where only consumer species close to the site of external input remain subsidized, whereas species distant to the input site rely on the in-situ production of the ecosystem. It is largely unclear though if this pattern is consistent over different consumer species and trophic levels in one ecosystem, and whether consumer species that occur both proximate to and at a distance from the input site differ in their dependency on external resource inputs between sites. Using stable isotope analysis, we investigated the dependency on external marine input for common ground-associated consumer taxa on small tropical islands with high in-situ production. We show that marine input is only relevant for strict beach-dwelling taxa, while the terrestrial vegetation is the main carbon source for inland-dwelling taxa. Consumer species that occurred both close (beach) and distant (inland) to the site of marine input showed similar proportions of marine input in their diets. This supports earlier findings that the relevance of external resources becomes limited to species close to the input site in systems with sufficient in-situ production. However, it also indicates that the relevance of external input is also species-dependent, as consumers occurring close and distant to the input site depended equally strong or weak on marine input.</span></p>
Global and local drivers of the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous energy sources to freshwater food webs
<p>Resource quantity (i.e., organic matter; OM) is a main driver of the prevailing energy pathway in freshwater food webs. The OM pool is mainly composed of allochthonous material, a primary resource for freshwater consumers. Contrastingly, small amounts of autochthonous OM (i.e., algae) can subsidize aquatic communities due to its higher nutritional quality. To date, there is no consensus about the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous OMs for freshwater food webs or the environmental factors driving their relative importance. We fill this gap by evaluating the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous OM sources for freshwater food webs on a global scale through a meta-analytical approach. We gathered the outcome of stable isotope mixing models of 2,789 cases from 58 published studies and calculated a response ratio between the mean contributions of allochthonous and autochthonous OM for freshwater consumers. Using mixed-effect models and a multimodel inference approach, we tested the influence of latitude, habitat type, ecosystem size, climate, and terrestrial productivity over the response ratio. The relative contribution of autochthonous was higher in lotic systems. In lentic systems, increasing terrestrial productivity increased the relative contribution of autochthonous OM, while increasing precipitation and temperature seasonality reduced this relative contribution. We suggested that factors increasing terrestrial productivity might also boost autochthonous OM in these systems, while precipitation increases the transport of allochthonous OM to freshwater habitats. We did not find any relationship between environmental factors and the relative contribution of autochthonous OM for lotic systems. We concluded that the relative contribution of allochthonous and autochthonous energy sources to freshwater food webs differs between lotic and lentic ecosystems and it is dependent on multiple environmental factors.</p>
Allochthonous resources are less important for faunal communities on highly productive, small tropical islands
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Global and local drivers of the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous energy sources to freshwater food webs
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Unrecognized controls on microbial functioning in Blue Carbon ecosystems: the role of mineral enzyme stabilization and allochthonous substrate supply
Tidal wetlands are effective carbon sinks, mitigating climate change through the long-term removal of atmospheric CO2. Studies along surface-elevation and thus flooding-frequency gradients in tidal wetlands are often used to understand the effects of accelerated sea-level rise on carbon sequestration, a process that is primarily determined by the balance of primary production and microbial decomposition. It has often been hypothesized that rates of microbial decomposition would increase with elevation and associated increases in soil oxygen availability; however, previous studies yield a wide range of outcomes and equivocal results. Our mechanistic understanding of the elevation-decomposition relationship is limited because most effort has been devoted to understanding the terminal steps of the decomposition process. Few studies assessed microbial exo-enzyme activities (EEAs) as initial and rate-limiting steps that often reveal important insight into microbial energy and nutrient constraints. The present study assessed EEAs and microbial abundance along a coastal ecotone stretching a flooding gradient from tidal flat to high marsh in the European Wadden Sea. We found that stabilization of exo-enzymes to mineral sediments leads to high specific EEAs at low substrate concentrations in frequently flooded, sediment rich zones of the studied ecotone. We argue that the high background activity of a mineral-associated enzyme pool provides a stable decomposition matrix in highly dynamic, frequently flooded zones. Furthermore, we demonstrate that microbial communities are less nutrient limited in frequently flooded zones, where inputs of nutrient-rich marine organic matter are higher. This was reflected in both increasing exo-enzymatic carbon-vs.-nutrient acquisition and decreasing fungal-vs.-bacterial abundance with increasing flooding frequency. Our findings thereby suggest two previously unrecognized mechanisms that may contribute to stimulated microbial activity despite decreasing oxygen availability in response to accelerated sea-level rise.
Data from: Unravelling the role of allochthonous aquatic resources to food web structure in a tropical riparian forest
1. The role of matter and energy flow across ecosystem boundaries for subsidized consumer populations is well known. However, little is known on the effects of allochthonous subsidies on food web structure and trophic niche dimensions of consumers in the tropics. 2. We excluded allochthonous aquatic insects from tropical streams using greenhouse-type exclosures to test the influence of aquatic allochthonous subsidies on the trophic structure and niche dimensions of terrestrial predators using stable isotope methods. 3. In exclosure treatments, abundance and biomass of terrestrial predators, and biomass of phytophages, decreased and increased, respectively. Vegetation-living predators were more responsive to allochthonous inputs than those living on the ground. Overall, lower availability of allochthonous inputs did not affect community-wide metrics and niche width of predators. However, the niche width of some spider families had very low overlap between treatments, and others had wider isotopic niches in the control than exclusion treatment. Most of the C and N in predators living in control stretches came from aquatic subsidies, and those predators living in exclusion treatments switched their diets to terrestrial sources, showing a preference of predators for allochthonous subsidies. 4. Our results suggest that allochthonous subsidies are also relevant to tropical fauna living upon vegetation. Moreover, allochthonous resources may amplify the niche dimension of certain predators, or considerably change the trophic niche of others. Our study highlights the importance of including modern isotopic tools in elucidating the role of allochthonous resources on the patterns of trophic structure and niche dimensions of consumers from donor ecosystems.
Data from: Unravelling the role of allochthonous aquatic resources to food web structure in a tropical riparian forest
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Unrecognized controls on microbial functioning in Blue Carbon ecosystems: the role of mineral enzyme stabilization and allochthonous substrate supply
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Allochthonous and autochthonous halothermotolerant bioanodes from hypersaline sediment and textile wastewater: A promising microbial electrochemical process for energy recovery coupled with real textile wastewater treatment
<p>16 S sequencing data Askri et al </p>
Figure 3 in Does allochthonous leaf litter structure terrestrial cave invertebrate assemblages?
Figure 3. Boxplot of C:N ratios for the different types of leaves. Different letters above a boxplot indicates a significant difference at P = 0.05.
Figure 2 in Does allochthonous leaf litter structure terrestrial cave invertebrate assemblages?
Figure 2. Line graph depicting the cumulative % leaf mass loss over a 100-day period. DW = dogwood, M = maple, P = pine, RO = red oak, SG = sweetgum, WO = white oak.
Figure 1 in Does allochthonous leaf litter structure terrestrial cave invertebrate assemblages?
Figure 1. Map showing approximate locations of the three caves used for this experiment.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.