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641 results for “alnus”
Allelopathy of Frangula Alnus to Native New England Wetland Vegetation at Harvard Forest 2008
Glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus), an invasive shrub from Eurasia, colonizes both upland and mesic sites in New England, USA, reducing the growth and survival of native tree saplings and lowering species richness. Although a generalist, buckthorn thrives particularly well along river, pond, and wetland margins, which are traditional habitat for speckled alder (Alnus incana ssp. rugosa), a native nitrogen-fixing shrub. As buckthorn’s dense, monospecific growth is typical of allelopaths, we wondered whether it chemically suppresses the growth of alder and other indigenous shrubs. We thus propagated three native shrub species: Alnus incana ssp. rugosa, Viburnum dentatum and Spiraea latifolia, in invasive buckthorn and native dogwood (Cornus amomum) root and leaf mulch. After seven weeks, alder grown in buckthorn root demonstrated significantly smaller basal diameter than alder grown in buckthorn leaf or other mulches. Therefore, putative buckthorn allelopathy to alder likely occurs through root exudation instead of leaf litter effects. Meadowsweet grown in buckthorn mulch, in contrast, was taller, thicker, and had more numerous leaves than meadowsweet grown in native mulch. These species-specific effects point to allelopathy as a mechanism by which buckthorn changes the structure of native plant communities.
Data from: Radial stem growth of the clonal shrub Alnus alnobetula at treeline is constrained by summer temperature and winter desiccation and differs in carbon allocation strategy compared to co-occurring Pinus cembra
<p><strong>Data are documented in the following article:</strong></p> <p>Oberhuber W., G Wieser, F. Bernich, A. Gruber (2022) Radial stem growth of the clonal shrub <em>Alnus alnobetula</em> at treeline is constrained by summer temperature and winter desiccation and differs in carbon allocation strategy compared to co-occurring <em>Pinus cembra</em>. Forests 2022, 13, 440. doi: 10.3390/f13030440.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Summary:</strong></p> <p>Global change is affecting species areal distribution in many regions. A better understanding of how land-use change and climate warming affects shrub growth is essential for improved predictions of forest dynamics at the alpine treeline. Evaluation of radial stem growth of the clonal shrub <em>Alnus alnobetula</em> (= <em>Alnus viridis</em>) and the co-occurring tree species Swiss stone pine (<em>Pinus cembra</em>) within an alpine treeline ecotone revealed that mean ring width of nitrogen fixing <em>A. alnobetula</em> was about four times lower compared to <em>P. cembra</em>. Our findings are based on ring width data from <em>A. alnobetula</em> and <em>P. cembra</em> stems sampled at the alpine treeline ecotone on Mt. Patscherkofel (47°12’N, 11°27’E, Central European Alps, Austria, elevation range 2050 to 2190 m asl). Ring width time series include 86 radii from 51 stems of <em>A. alnobetula</em> (stems had mean age of 18±7 yrs) and 24 radii from 16 stems of <em>P. cembra </em>(18±4 yrs). We explain our findings by different carbon allocation strategies, i.e., preference of “vertical” stem growth in late successional <em>P. cembra</em> vs. favoring “horizontal” spread in the pioneer shrub<em> A. alnobetula.</em> By favouring clonal propagation over individual stem growth <em>A. alnobetula</em> is able to quickly spread at the alpine treeline ecotone.</p>
Seasonal patterns of nitrogen fixation by Alnus tenuifolia within successional floodplain forests of the Bonaza Creek Experimantal Forest: 1992
Nitrogenase activity was measured by acetylene reduction (Stewart et al. 1967) and denitrification activity was measured by the acetylene inhibition technique (Tiedje 1982). Both processes were measured simultaneously on the same alder root/nodule sample and on bulk soil samples that served as controls. We sampled all sites in the 1992 growing season; during 7-9 July, 10-14 August, and 6-11 September.
Patterns of and controls over nitrogen inputs by green alder (Alnus viridis spp. fruticosa) to a secondary successional chronosequence in interior Alaska I - N2 Fixation and Soil Temperature
We measured rates of nitrogen fixation by Alnus viridis spp. fruticosa and concurrent subcanopy soil temperature at BNZ LTER. To do so we utilized replicate (n=3/stage) stands of a seral sequence of successional stages maintained by the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (BNZ LTER). At each of the 9 replicate stands we selected a total of 70 individual shrubs. During each of 7 sampling periods, 3 across the growing season of 1997 and 4 during 1998, we randomly selected 10 of 70 A. viridis spp. fruticosa at each replicate stand. We used acetylene reduction assays (ARA) to estimate rates of N2 fixation at each of the selected shrubs and concurrently measured soil temperature at each shrub. The attached database may be utilized to (1) elucidate seasonal trends in rates of N2 fixation by A. viridis spp. fruticosa across a boreal forest chronosequence and (2) investigate soil temperature controls over rates of N2 fixation. It may also be used to statistically analyze differences between years, successional stages and replicates within successional stage in both rates of ARA and temperature. We developed this database to describe seasonal trends of rates of nitrogen fixation by A. viridis spp. fruticosa across a boreal forest chronosequence and to elucidate soil temperature controls over rates.
Patterns of and controls over nitrogen inputs by green alder (Alnus viridis spp. fruticosa) to a secondary successional chronosequence in interior Alaska II - Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
In September of 1999 we collected soil cores to identify stage, replicate stand, canopy, and soil horizon patterns of soil physical (color, bulk density, pH) and chemical (N, C, P) parameters.
Acetylene reduction and 15N2 uptake rates for Alnus tenuifolia and Alnus crispa in six different successional habitats
This study sought to determine the conversion factor between acetylene reduction and N-fixation rates by root nodules excised from naturally-occurring Alnus tenuifolia and Alnus crispa plants in 18 sites in the BNZ-LTER. N-fixation rate was measured via uptake of 15N2 by excised nodule tissue. Sites were chosen to represent three replicates of early, mid, and late successional habitats on the Tanana River floodplain and in surrounding upland areas. A. tenuifolia was sampled in floodplain sites, and A. crispa in uplands. Parameters measured: acetylene reduction rate, N2 fixation rate, ratio of acetylene reduced to N2 fixed, soil temperature, leaf del 15N, and specific leaf weight. Most of the fixed nitrogen (N) that enters the N cycle in Alaskan forests is fixed biologically by alder (Alnus spp.) in symbiosis with the N-fixing bacterial genus Frankia. Estimates of gross N inputs resulting from this process ultimately rely on accurate measurement of N-fixation by nodule tissue. These rates are typically estimated by measuring rates of acetylene reduction by nodule tissue, then using an empirically determined conversion factor to obtain the corresponding N fixation rate. The purposes of this study were to determine: 1) the conversion factor(s) for Alnus tenuifolia and Alnus crispa in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest, and 2) whether the conversion factor varied between plants occurring in different successional habitats.
Soil C, N, P, and Frankia nifD-K RFLP genotypes distribution from Alnus tenuifolia nodules in early and late succession 2005
This dataset contains genetic characterizations of Frankia inhabiting Alnus tenuifolia nodules in early and late succession sites in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest (BCEF). Characterizations were done using PCR-RFLP on the nifD-K spacer region of the Frankia genome. The position of each plant and each nodule were mapped in order to examine spatial patterns in Frankia distribution within sites. Soil chemistry data, including C, N, P, and pH, were also collected from mineral and organic layers.
Carbon Dynamics Along a Permafrost Gradient at Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) in Interior Alaska: Specific Leaf Area (SLA) for alder (Alnus crispa) and black spruce (Picea mariana) in a 75x75m spatial domain along a permafrost and vegetation gradient.
This dataset includes specific leaf area (SLA) data for two dominant tree species in the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed: alder (Alnus crispa) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Up to 10 leaf samples were collected per species per sampling location. Project summary: Specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit dry mass) is a key canopy structural characteristic, a measure of photosynthetic capacity, and an important input into many terrestrial process models. Although many studies have examined SLA variation, relatively few data exist from high latitude, climate-sensitive permafrost regions. We measured SLA and soil and topographic properties across a boreal forest permafrost transition, in which forest composition changed as permafrost deepened from 54 to >150 cm over 75 m hillslope transects in Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed, Alaska. This is an exploratory study to begin understanding SLA variation and controls thereof in a non-contiguous permafrost system.
Carbon Dynamics Along a Permafrost Gradient at Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) in Interior Alaska: Specific Leaf Area (SLA) for alder (Alnus crispa) and black spruce (Picea mariana) in a 75x75m spatial domain along a permafrost and vegetation gradient.
This dataset includes depth-resolved soils data from September 2014 coring: soil pH, gravimetric soil moisture, roots/rocks, bulk density, humification indices as determined by FTIR, total elemental composition (carbon, nitrogen, sulfur), depth to mineral horizon, thickness of the moss layer, percent groundcover at the sampling location of several common species, and soil temperature at the time of coring. Project summary: Specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit dry mass) is a key canopy structural characteristic, a measure of photosynthetic capacity, and an important input into many terrestrial process models. Although many studies have examined SLA variation, relatively few data exist from high latitude, climate-sensitive permafrost regions. We measured SLA and soil and topographic properties across a boreal forest permafrost transition, in which forest composition changed as permafrost deepened from 54 to >150 cm over 75 m hillslope transects in Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed, Alaska. This is an exploratory study to begin understanding SLA variation and controls thereof in a non-contiguous permafrost system.
N-fixation rate and leaf N content in two species of Alnus and their relationship to diversity of symbiotic Frankia
This study investigated patterns of nitrogen (N) fixation rates, leaf N content, and geographic diversity in the N-fixing bacterium Frankia occurring in symbiosis with Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia and A. viridis ssp. fruticosa in early and late successional habitats on the Tanana river floodplain and surrounding uplands in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest. Frankia diversity was estimated via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the nifD-K spacer region, a non-coding region in the nitrogenase-encoding operon. Specific N-fixation rate was measured with a 15N2 uptake assay and leaf N content via mass spectrometry. Additional parameters measured were soil temperature and moisture, leaf del 15N, and specific leaf area.
Text-fig. 6. Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Anacardiaceae. a: Corylites sp., UAPC-ALTA sn. b: Alnus sp., BBM-PAL-sn. c: Fagopsis infructescence, GSC 7586. d: Palaeocarpinus barksdalae, UAPC-ALTA S 59493. e: Fagopsis undulata leaf, UAPC-ALTA S 67688. f: cf. Schinus compound leaf with serrated leaflets basally fused to the rachis, UAPC-ALTA S 24998. g: Rhus sp., UAPC-ALTA S 67689. Scale bars: a, e = 1 cm, b, f = 2 cm, c, d = 0.3 cm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance
Text-fig. 6. Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Anacardiaceae. a: Corylites sp., UAPC-ALTA sn. b: Alnus sp., BBM-PAL-sn. c: Fagopsis infructescence, GSC 7586. d: Palaeocarpinus barksdalae, UAPC-ALTA S 59493. e: Fagopsis undulata leaf, UAPC-ALTA S 67688. f: cf. Schinus compound leaf with serrated leaflets basally fused to the rachis, UAPC-ALTA S 24998. g: Rhus sp., UAPC-ALTA S 67689. Scale bars: a, e = 1 cm, b, f = 2 cm, c, d = 0.3 cm.
Text-fig. 4. Original floral picture of locality Líšeň-Neklež drawn by Zlatko Kvaček, scale bars 10 mm. a: Alnus cf. julianiformis (STERNB.) KVAČEK et HOLÝ, MB102; b: Osmunda parschlugiana (UNGER) ANDR., MB81; c: Salvinia reussii ETTINGS., MB86; d: cf. Engelhardia orsbergensis (P.WESSEL et C.O.WEBER) JÄHNICHEN, MAI et H.WALTHER, MB104; e: Laurophyllum sp., MB89a; f:?Polypodiaceae gen. et sp. indet., MB84; g: Ulmus sp., MB105a; h: Ulmus sp., MB106; i: Schoenoplectiella cf. ragozinii (P.I.DOROF.) DOWELD, MB88a; j: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB96; k: Salix variansG ÖPP., MB107; l:?Carya sp., MB89b; m: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB97; n: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB87; o: Podocarpium podocarpum (A.BRAUN) HEREND., MB100; p: "Parrotia" pristina (ETTINGSH.) STUR, MB92. in A New Early Miocene (Ottnangian) Flora Of The "Rzehakia Beds" From Brno-Líšeň
Text-fig. 4. Original floral picture of locality Líšeň-Neklež drawn by Zlatko Kvaček, scale bars 10 mm. a: Alnus cf. julianiformis (STERNB.) KVAČEK et HOLÝ, MB102; b: Osmunda parschlugiana (UNGER) ANDR., MB81; c: Salvinia reussii ETTINGS., MB86; d: cf. Engelhardia orsbergensis (P.WESSEL et C.O.WEBER) JÄHNICHEN, MAI et H.WALTHER, MB104; e: Laurophyllum sp., MB89a; f:?Polypodiaceae gen. et sp. indet., MB84; g: Ulmus sp., MB105a; h: Ulmus sp., MB106; i: Schoenoplectiella cf. ragozinii (P.I.DOROF.) DOWELD, MB88a; j: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB96; k: Salix variansG ÖPP., MB107; l:?Carya sp., MB89b; m: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB97; n: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB87; o: Podocarpium podocarpum (A.BRAUN) HEREND., MB100; p: "Parrotia" pristina (ETTINGSH.) STUR, MB92.
Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - inflorescence - whole - male
Image of Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - inflorescence - whole - male
Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - twig - orientation of petioles
Image of Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - twig - orientation of petioles
Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - twig - orientation of petioles
Image of Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - twig - orientation of petioles
Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - inflorescence - whole - male
Image of Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - inflorescence - whole - male
Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - inflorescence - whole - male
Image of Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - inflorescence - whole - male
Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - bark - of a small tree or small branch
Image of Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - bark - of a small tree or small branch
Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - leaf - margin of upper + lower surface
Image of Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - leaf - margin of upper + lower surface
Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - leaf - whole upper surface
Image of Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae) - leaf - whole upper surface
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