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34 results for “alpha and beta diversity”
Mesophotic coral ecosystems of French Polynesia are hotspots of alpha and beta generic diversity for scleractinian assemblages
<p>Revealing how diversity varies across the depth gradient is key to understanding the role of mesophotic coral ecosystems in the functioning of coral reefs. We examined how alpha and beta generic diversity of scleractinian coral assemblages vary across a wide depth gradient for coral reefs. We studied generic diversity patterns of scleractinian corals at sixteen sites in eight islands of three archipelagos in French Polynesia, as derived from the analysis of photo-quadrats, across the seafloor from shallow to lower mesophotic depths (6 to 120 m) and on a wide geographic scale. Our sampling considered quantitative coral cover to explore the patterns of alpha and beta components of diversity across depth and horizontal space. We show that in French Polynesia, mesophotic coral ecosystems host higher alpha and beta generic diversity than shallow reefs despite decreasing coral cover with depth. The variation of coral genus richness across the depth gradient is mainly driven by a mid-domain effect with a peak at 40 m depth. At the same time, we found that the turnover of coral genera across islands (i.e., spatial beta diversity) increased steadily along the depth gradient. Our findings report the first quantitative results of coral cover and diversity from mesophotic coral ecosystems in French Polynesia and also present one of the few existing studies to examine the broad breadth of the mesophotic depth gradient. We demonstrate that mesophotic depths can host unexpectedly high generic richness of scleractinian coral assemblages. At the same time, we showed that increasing depth increases the differences in generic diversity composition across islands, whereas shallow reefs are similar in between. While a single island could conserve shallow regional biodiversity, mesophotic depths containing the richest diversity require site-specific measures, suggesting that considering these mesophotic depths in conservation is necessary to maintain regional diversity.</p>
Data from: Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity across tree communities in subtropical Atlantic forests
<h2><strong>The study is published in Oikos and available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10961">https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10961</a></strong></h2> <p>Here we aim to assess temporal taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity of adult and juvenile tree communities across 11 sites in the subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forest to infer about trends and drivers of biodiversity change. The tree communities were evaluated for temporal changes in: (1) taxonomic and functional alpha diversity, (2) taxonomic and functional composition (beta diversity), and (3) identifying potential abiotic and biotic drivers of these changes, considering three censuses across a period of 10 years.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Files description:</h2> <p><strong>traits-adults.csv</strong> - adult tree species and their functional traits values.</p> <p><strong>traits-juveniles.csv</strong> - juvenile tree species and their functional trait values.</p> <p><strong>abundance-adults_synthesis.csv</strong> - adult tree species abundance over the three time periods of forest surveys (T1, T2, and T3). Raw data on tree individual level is available at ForestPlots.net database (<a href="https://forestplots.net/">https://forestplots.net/</a>) under request.</p> <p><strong>abundance-juveniles_synthesis.csv</strong> - juvenile tree species abundance over the three time periods of forest surveys (T1, T2, and T3). Raw data on tree individual level is available at ForestPlots.net database (<a href="https://forestplots.net/">https://forestplots.net/</a>) under request.</p> <p>Functional traits abbreviations are defined as follows: LA = leaf area; SLA = specific leaf area; WD = wood density; SM = seed mass; range_temp = range of mean annual temperature; range_CWD = range of climatological water deficit; and biomes_distrib = number of Brazilian biomes that the species occur according to Flora and Funga do Brazil.</p> <p> </p> <h2><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></h2> <p>This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001, through Portal de Periódicos and scholarships granted to JMFK, JK and RCP. The fieldwork was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS grant numbers 2218 – 2551/12-2 and 19/2551-0001698-0), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/FAPERGS/PELD number 441590/2020-9), and the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) in Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, supported by MCTIC/CNPq (grant number 465610/2014-5). KMB gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the National Institute of Science and Technology in Low Carbon Emission Agriculture (INCT-ABC) sponsored by Brazil’s National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant no. 406635/2022-6), the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Fapergs, grant no. 22/2551-0000392-3), and the Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA). SCM is supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq; grant number 309659/2019-1.</p> <p> </p> <h3><strong>Please find below the data used in the study.</strong></h3>
Mesophotic coral ecosystems of French Polynesia are hotspots of alpha and beta generic diversity for scleractinian assemblages
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Discrepancies between the drivers of alpha and beta plant diversity in arable field margins
<p><span>Field margins are major habitats for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning in agricultural landscapes, but biotic homogenization of plant communities threatens their ecological and agronomic functions. Our objective is to assess the effects of field margin structure and long-term management of herbaceous layer over 20 years (1995–2015) on the taxonomic and functional α- and β-diversity, and the functional composition of herbaceous plant communities. In 2015, we surveyed 302 field margins in bocage landscapes of Brittany (France). Results were very similar between taxonomic and functional diversity but revealed discrepancies between α- and β-diversity. Deep ditches, mowing, and grazing increased α-diversity but did not affect β-diversity. Denser hedgerows had lower α-diversity than other field margins but contributed to β-diversity by harboring more unique sets of species or life strategies. Long-term herbicide spraying in field margins and cropping intensity in adjacent habitats did not affect α-diversity, but had more complex effects on β-diversity and selected for common weeds. Preservation of dense hedgerows and abandonment of herbicide spraying are key measures to prevent the establishment of common weeds and biotic homogenization in field margins. Above all, our study shows how important it is to go beyond α-diversity to make robust conservation and restoration decisions.</span></p>
Discrepancies between the drivers of alpha and beta plant diversity in arable field margins
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Title: Partitioning plant spectral diversity into alpha and beta components
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Plant spectral diversity — how plants differentially interact with solar radiation — is an integrator of plant chemical, structural, and taxonomic diversity that can be remotely sensed. We propose to measure spectral diversity as spectral variance, which allows the partitioning of the spectral diversity of a region, called spectral <i>gamma</i> (<i>γ</i>) diversity, into additive alpha (<i>α</i>; within communities) and beta (<i>β</i>; among communities) components. Our method calculates the contributions of individual bands or spectral features to spectral <i>γ</i>-, <i>β</i>-, and <i>α</i>-diversity, as well as the contributions of individual plant communities to spectral diversity. We present two case studies illustrating how our approach can identify "hotspots" of spectral <i>α</i>-diversity within a region, and discover spectrally unique areas that contribute strongly to <i>β</i>-diversity. Partitioning spectral diversity and mapping its spatial components has many applications for conservation since high local diversity and distinctiveness in composition are two key criteria used to determine the ecological value of ecosystems.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Mowing does not redress the negative effect of nutrient addition on alpha and beta diversity in a temperate grassland
<p>Species loss due to an increasing number of added nutrients has been explained by both light competition through biomass increase and by niche dimension reduction as a result of species specific limiting soil resources trade-offs. Disturbances, by reducing community biomass, species dominance and increasing light availability, may counteract above ground nutrient effects. However, it is unknown if diversity loss at local or spatial scales generated by increasing number of added nutrients can be redressed with canopy disturbance.</p> <p>We evaluated if local (alpha) and spatial scale (beta) diversity loss generated by the number of added nutrients can be reverted by disturbances in Flooding Pampa grasslands, Argentina. In a 4-yr replicated field experiment, we added soil resources combining nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to obtain 0, 1, 2 or 3 nutrients and manipulated the regime of canopy disturbance by seasonal mowing and biomass removal.</p> <p>We found that the increasing number of added nutrients strongly reduced local and spatial plant diversity, despite biomass and light changes generated by mowing. In mown plots, nutrient driven local diversity loss was intensified along time, thus increasing species dominance. While mowing did not affect dominant species loss, increasing number of added nutrients promoted rare species loss and reduced spatial dissimilarity. Furthermore, mowing increased local and spatial diversity regardless light or biomass effects, suggesting alternative pathway effects for disturbance.</p> <p>Synthesis: Our results demonstrated that even when disturbance generated a positive effect on local and spatial diversity, it did not completely counteract the negative effect of number of added nutrients. Thus, the relative importance of above and belowground resource competition may change when chronic disturbances alter community dominance. Under low light availability, above-ground competition may drive species richness loss but when disturbance reduces light limitation, the increasing number of added nutrients may reduce niche dimensionality and thus species coexistence. In sum, faced with the need to manage eutrophized grasslands, our study showed that disturbance may not completely mitigate the negative effect of multiple nutrient inputs on local and spatial grassland diversi</p>
Ephemeral habitat supports high alpha and beta diversity during drought in a subtropical semiarid wetland
<p>Globally, the number of rivers with intermittent flow is increasing due to climate change and water abstraction for human consumption. Currently, our understanding of how hydrology in subtropical rivers with intermittent flow affects the structure and dynamics of aquatic communities is poorly understood. Here, we investigated how fish α and β-diversity patterns in intermittent channels in the lower reaches of the Okavango Delta respond to seasonal flooding and drought. Under low-flow conditions, ephemeral habitat had higher α-diversity, and this was influenced by a combination of fish aggregation and apparent transient legacy effects as habitat patches became smaller and more isolated. Investigation of changes in fish assemblage structure across different hydrological periods and habitat types showed significant species turnover when water levels fell, suggesting a strong influence from species sorting. During high-water periods, species assemblages were homogenized both at local and regional scales, suggesting a greater influence of mass effects. Our findings support hydrology as a major factor regulating diversity patterns in intermittent rivers of a major wetland in a semiarid region of subtropical Africa. We infer from these findings that maintenance of a relatively natural flow regime will be necessary for conserving aquatic ecosystem structure and function in this system.</p>
Data from: Effects of water level and grassland management on alpha and beta diversity of wet grassland birds in restored wetlands
Nearly 60% of European wetlands have been lost to drainage or to the cessation of grassland management. Large amounts of resources are put into wetland restoration with the aim to recover biodiversity. However, few studies have simultaneously evaluated effects of management, wetness and flooding dynamics on biodiversity of restored wetlands such as seasonally flooded wet grasslands. We inventoried bird communities over 4 years at 137 sites (each 3·1 ha) within five restored wet grassland areas in Sweden to investigate whether species richness and occurrence of 12 common wet grassland species were related to (i) local conditions such as management (grazing, mowing and unmanaged areas), basic wetness and spring flooding dynamics. Further, we investigated whether (ii) the composition of the adjacent landscape (20 ha) related to local bird diversity and (iii) species turnover (i.e. beta diversity) differed between sites characterized by their basic wetness, degree of flooding and predominant management regime. Local species richness was positively linked to degree of flooding and basic wetness of grasslands but not to type of grassland management. Species richness tended also to be negatively linked to proportion of forest at the landscape scale. Although variable, the same results were also true concerning the probability of the occurrence of a single species at the local scale. Species turnover between sites, and thus total species richness, was distinctly higher in (i) grazed as compared to mowed grasslands except in dry non-flooded grasslands and (ii) flooded as compared to non-flooded sites. Similar patterns held for the subset of 12 red-listed species. We suggest that the high beta diversity in grazed and flooded grasslands is driven by the heterogeneous vegetation structure, resulting in good conditions for foraging and nesting for several wet grassland bird species. Synthesis and applications. The selection of wetlands for conserving wet grassland birds should prioritize temporary flooded grasslands of moderate wetness, preferably far from forest edges. Restoration and management of wet grasslands should include water level management, removal of shrubs and trees, and low-intensity grazing, whereas mowing could be used in non-flooded grasslands of low basic wetness.
Supplementary material 3 from: Li Y, Evans NT, Renshaw MA, Jerde CL, Olds BP, Shogren AJ, Deiner K, Lodge DM, Lamberti GA, Pfrender ME (2018) Estimating fish alpha- and beta-diversity along a small stream with environmental DNA metabarcoding. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e24262. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.24262
The longitudinal distance (upper triangular) and β- diversity (lower triangular) between sampling locations along Eagle Creek. :
Supplementary material 4 from: Li Y, Evans NT, Renshaw MA, Jerde CL, Olds BP, Shogren AJ, Deiner K, Lodge DM, Lamberti GA, Pfrender ME (2018) Estimating fish alpha- and beta-diversity along a small stream with environmental DNA metabarcoding. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e24262. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.24262
Mantel r and p-values for all the pairwise comparisons between single marker, three markers and longitudinal distance. :
Supplementary material 5 from: Li Y, Evans NT, Renshaw MA, Jerde CL, Olds BP, Shogren AJ, Deiner K, Lodge DM, Lamberti GA, Pfrender ME (2018) Estimating fish alpha- and beta-diversity along a small stream with environmental DNA metabarcoding. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e24262. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.24262
The correlation between environmental variables and β-diversity and longitudinal distance using Mantel test :
Soil and environmental data for "Interacting management effects on soil microbial alpha and beta diversity in Swiss agricultural grassland"
<p>This data shows the soil, environmental, and management data of 86 grassland sites that were sampled within the Canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. This data was used in the manuscript by F.J. Richter, R. Feola Conz, A. Lüscher, N. Buchmann, K.H. Valentin and M. Hartmann (2024): Interacting management effects on soil microbial alpha and beta diversity in Swiss agricultural grassland, which is published in the Journal of Applied Soil Ecology. </p>
Alpha-diversity, Beta-diversity and host-specificity of wood-boring longhorn beetle (Cerambycidea) in Asian tropical and subtropical forests
<p><span>A long-debated question in ecology is whether the hyper-diversity of tropical plant-feeding insects is a direct consequence of high tropical plant diversity and/or should be attributed to increases in host plant specialization. To address this debate, we used the longhorn beetle as a study system because their larval stages feed on the xylems of trees and lianas. We hypothesized that longhorn beetles show higher host-specificity in tropical forests than in other forests; alternatively, the high longhorn beetle diversity in the tropics may simply be owing to more diverse host plants. We therefore designed an investigation in tropical and subtropical forests to test these hypotheses. We adapted several analyses (i.e., non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, alpha-diversity, beta-dissimilarity indices comparisons, and variation partitioning based on redundancy analysis) to compare the species diversity of plants and longhorn beetles in different forests. Our results show that both the plant and beetle species in the tropical and subtropical areas were well-stratified (non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis). The beetle alpha-diversity in the tropical forests was significantly higher than that in the subtropical forests, but the plant alpha-diversity in the two types of forests were not significantly different. The beta-dissimilarity comparison showed that the plant species exerted a significant influence on beetle compositional assemblage in the tropical forests, but not in the subtropical forests. Finally, the variation partitioning results showed that both plant species and plant phylogenetic beta-diversity possessed significant explanatory power for beetle assemblage composition in the tropical forests, but not in the subtropical forests. We conclude that wood-boring longhorn beetles show higher host-specificity in tropical forests than in subtropical forests, and the high diversity of wood-boring longhorn beetles in tropical forests might be explained to a large extent by their more finely partitioned diet-breadth.</span></p>
Data from: Use of alpha, beta, and gamma diversity measures to characterize seed dispersal by animals
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Spatial heterogeneity and habitat configuration overcome habitat composition influences on alpha and beta mammal diversity
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Alpha-diversity, Beta-diversity and host-specificity of wood-boring longhorn beetle (Cerambycidea) in Asian tropical and subtropical forests
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Ephemeral habitat supports high alpha and beta diversity during drought in a subtropical semiarid wetland
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Data from: Effects of water level and grassland management on alpha and beta diversity of wet grassland birds in restored wetlands
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Title: Partitioning plant spectral diversity into alpha and beta components
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