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4 results for “alpine community flowering”
Warming acts through earlier snowmelt to advance but not extend alpine community flowering
<p>Large-scale warming will alter multiple local climate factors in alpine tundra, yet very few experimental studies examine the combined yet distinct influences of earlier snowmelt, higher temperatures and altered soil moisture on alpine ecosystems. This limits our ability to predict responses to climate change by plant species and communities. To address this gap, we used infrared heaters and manual watering in a fully factorial experiment to determine the relative importance of these climate factors on plant flowering phenology, and response differences among plant functional groups. Heating advanced snowmelt and flower initiation, but exposed plants to colder early-spring conditions in the period prior to first flower, indicating that snowmelt timing, not temperature, advances flowering initiation in the alpine community. Flowering duration was largely conserved; heating did not extend average species flowering into the latter part of the growing season but instead flowering was completed earlier in heated plots. Although passive warming experiments have resulted in warming-induced soil drying suggested to advance flower senescence, supplemental water did not counteract the average species advance in flowering senescence caused by heating or extend flowering in unheated plots, and variation in soil moisture had inconsistent effects on flowering periods. Functional groups differed in sensitivity to earlier snowmelt, with flower initiation most advanced for early-season species and flowering duration lengthened only for graminoids and forbs. We conclude that earlier snowmelt, driven by increased radiative heating, is the most important factor altering alpine flowering phenology. Studies that only manipulate summer temperature will err in estimating the sensitivity of alpine flowering phenology to large-scale warming. The wholesale advance in flowering phenology with earlier snowmelt suggests that alpine communities will track warming, but only alpine forbs and graminoids appear able to take advantage of an extended snow-free season. </p>
Warming acts through earlier snowmelt to advance but not extend alpine community flowering
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Pollen limitation and context-dependent alleviating mechanisms in a co-flowering alpine grassland community
<p>1. The consequences of community metrics (e.g., co-flowering diversity and floral density) and plant traits (e.g., pollinator dependency and trait similarity) on pollen limitation may depend on pollinator-mediated competitive or facilitative interactions among plants in co-flowering communities, which could vary with community contexts (i.e. different altitude communities) and under human disturbances (e.g., livestock grazing). However, the mechanisms to alleviate pollen limitation under the different contexts, considering pollinator-mediated interactions among neighbor plants are unclear.</p> <p>2. We investigated pollen limitation under grazing versus ungrazing conditions in low versus high altitude alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau to uncover the underlying mechanisms mediating pollen limitation associated with livestock grazing.</p> <p>3. Pollen limitation is prevalent in alpine grasslands, irrespective of community contexts. Grazing exclusion decreased pollen limitation in the two sites but in different ways. In the high-altitude site, pollen limitation was reduced by the exclusion of grazers through increased trait similarity (suggesting facilitation). While pollen limitation was reduced by decreased trait similarity (suggesting competition avoidance) under grazing exclusion in the low-altitude site.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and Applications: This study suggests that flower trait distribution patterns (i.e. trait similarity) influence pollen limitation through reducing competition in the low-altitude site or enhancing facilitation in the high-altitude site under grazing exclusion in alpine grasslands. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of pollen limitation in co-flowering alpine grassland communities under distinct human disturbances at different altitudes, emphasizing the role of pollinator-mediated interactions among plants on plant reproductive success.</p>
Pollen limitation and context-dependent alleviating mechanisms in a co-flowering alpine grassland community
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OpenNeuro
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