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48 results for “alpine ecosystems”
Net Ecosystem Exchange, Ecosystem Respiration and meteoclimatic data of Alpine grasslands at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy 2017-2023
<p>This dataset presents georeferenced measurements collected at the Nivolet Plain in Gran Paradiso National Park (GPNP), western Italian Alps. The dataset includes the Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), Ecosystem Respiration (ER) and meteo-climatic variables, i.e. air and soil temperature, air relative humidity, soil volumetric water content, atmospheric pressure and solar irradiance. The measurements were conducted between 2017 and 2023 at five different sites at an elevation of approximately 2550-2750 meters a.s.l.</p> <p>To estimate NEE and ER, we employed the flux chamber method, measuring the temporal variation of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration inside the chamber over a period of about 90 seconds. We used a customized portable non-steady-state dynamic flux chamber, paired with an InfraRed Gas Analyzer (IRGA) and a portable weather station. Measurements were taken at around 20 points per site during the snow-free season, spanning from June to October.</p> <p>The dataset is provided in a comma-separated text file (.csv) format. Each record corresponds to a single measurement point, with semicolons used as separators. The "NA" notation indicates values that are not available or have been excluded during quality control processes (e.g., due to battery failure). We use point as decimal separator.</p> <p>The sign convention for the fluxes is: a negative value indicates a CO2 flux from the atmosphere to the ecosystem, while a positive value represents a CO2 flux from the soil/ecosystem to the atmosphere. Consequently, ER values are positive, while NEE values can be positive or negative. The units for NEE and ER fluxes are molCO2 m-2 day-1 and μmolCO2 m-2 second-1. The first values in each record of the dataset indicate the observation details (sampling date, site, etc.), followed by the corresponding measured or calculated variables. NEE and ER values were estimated from the slope of the linear regression of CO2 concentration over time (ppm s-1) using a laboratory calibration curve.</p> <p>The calibration curve was created by relating known and pre-set CO2 fluxes (within the range expected in the field) with the corresponding measured slopes. The flux values were then scaled up based on the area of the chamber base (0.036 m2) and adjusted using the ratio of atmospheric pressure and air temperature during the measurement to those recorded during the calibration in the laboratory.</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T6.5 Tropical alpine grasslands and herbfields
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T6.5 Tropical alpine grasslands and herbfields</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T6.4 Temperate alpine grasslands and shrublands
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T6.4 Temperate alpine grasslands and shrublands</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) + meteorological parameters in alpine grasslands at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, 2020 (IGG-CNR-CZO@NIVOLET)
<p>CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) measured at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy, in a high-altitude Alpine grassland environment (about 2500-2700 m.a.s.l.) using the closed portable flux chamber method during the 2020 vegetative season (July-October), approximately twice a month. NEE is measured with a transparent chamber, while ER with a dark chamber (transparent chamber shaded with a cloth). Data represent the average values and the corresponding standard deviations obtained from five sites at different altitudes and soil substrates. Each average value is obtained as a mean over a set of 20 point-measurements for each site and each sampling date. Flux data are complemented by measurements of soil temperature and soil volumetric water content, air temperature, air RH, and solar radiance.</p> <p>During the measurement, air is pumped from the chamber to an IR gas analyzer (IRGA) and then injected again in the chamber. The CO2 concentration inside the chamber is measured for about 90 seconds and then the rate of concentration change is linearly interpolated (over 60s) to obtain the flux measurements. A detailed description of the sampling method can be found in Magnani et al. (2020).</p> <p>Instrumentation used: accumulation chambers (height: 31.5 cm; area of the base: 363 cm2), LI-COR LI-840 & LI-850 IR spectrophotometers, stainless-steel collars (inserted into the soil to a depth of about 1 cm), portable meteorological stations (pyranometer LSI Lastem DPA053, thermohygrometer LSI Lastem DMA672.1), pt100 soil temperature sensors, SM150T soil moisture sensor.</p>
CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) + meteorological parameters in alpine grasslands at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, 2021 (IGG-CNR-CZO@NIVOLET)
<p>CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) measured at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy, in a high-altitude Alpine grassland environment (about 2500-2700 m.a.s.l.) using the closed portable flux chamber method during the 2021 vegetative season (July-October), approximately twice a month. NEE is measured with a transparent chamber, while ER with a dark chamber (transparent chamber shaded with a cloth). Data represent the average values and the corresponding standard deviations obtained from five sites at different altitudes and soil substrates. Each average value is obtained as a mean over a set of 20 point-measurements for each site and each sampling date. Flux data are complemented by measurements of soil temperature and soil volumetric water content, air temperature, air RH, and solar radiance.</p> <p>During the measurement, air is pumped from the chamber to an IR gas analyzer (IRGA) and then injected again in the chamber. The CO2 concentration inside the chamber is measured for about 90 seconds and then the rate of concentration change is linearly interpolated (over 60s) to obtain the flux measurements. A detailed description of the sampling method can be found in Magnani et al. (2020).</p> <p>Instrumentation used: accumulation chambers (height: 31.5 cm; area of the base: 363 cm2), LI-COR LI-840 & LI-850 IR spectrophotometers, stainless-steel collars (inserted into the soil to a depth of about 1 cm), portable meteorological stations (pyranometer LSI Lastem DPA053, thermohygrometer LSI Lastem DMA672.1), pt100 soil temperature sensors, SM150T soil moisture sensor.</p>
Microfossildataset "Alpine glacier reveals ecosystem impacts of Europe's prosperity and peril over the last millennium"
<p>Full palynological dataset from Colle Gnifetti glacier in the Monte Rosa Massif (Swiss Alps; 45°55'45.7'' N, 7°52'30.5'' E; 4450m a.s.l.)</p> <p>The dataset contains raw counts for pollen, ferns, NPP (Non-pollen palynomorphs), microscopic charcoal concentrations.</p> <p>Ice core depths are given as m weq = meters waterequivalent.</p> <p>Chronology is based on Jenk et al. (2009) and Sigl et al. (2018). "yr. BP" indicates "years before present" with "present" defined as 1950 CE.</p> <p>Further information on the dataset is given in the paper "Alpine glacier reveals ecosystem impacts of Europe’s prosperity and peril over the last millennium" by Brugger et al. published in Geophysical Research Letters.</p> <p> </p>
Data and code from: The overlooked link between different resource partitioning strategies and plant species richness in tropical alpine ecosystems
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Data from: Soil moisture threshold of methane uptake in alpine ecosystems
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Data from: Ecosystem nitrogen retention is regulated by plant community trait interactions with nutrient status in an alpine meadow
1.Biotic nitrogen (N) retention is an important ecosystem function in the context of ongoing land use intensification, N deposition and global warming. However, a paucity of experimental evidence limits understanding of how different plant community components influence N retention in terrestrial ecosystems. 2.In this investigation we conducted a 15N labelling experiment to test how plant community properties, including plant species richness/diversity, dominance and functional traits, influence plant N uptake and retention under different nutrient availabilities. A three-year experiment examined the effects of adding N (10 g N m−2 year−1) and phosphorus (P) (5 g P m−2 year−1) to an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. 3.Results show that 15N retention increased with the addition of N and P; the addition of P produced the largest increase of 15N retention in plant and soil N pools. Changes in soil nutrient conditions also facilitated different plant community controls on ecosystem N retention. Ecosystem 15N retention was influenced by species richness and root biomass in the control plots; whereas the N addition treatment showed an important effect of community-weighted means (CWM) of specific leaf area (SLA), and plots with additional P recorded lower CWM of root nitrogen content (root N) and larger CWM root:shoot ratios (R/S) as important determinants. 4.Synthesis. Ecosystem N retention was influenced by conservative and exploitative plant species and/or their traits under N deficient and abundant conditions, respectively, whereas species richness and community plant biomass were most influential under control conditions. The discovery of an interaction between plant community traits and nutrient biogeochemistry as a mechanism for ecosystem N retention offers a means to predict how vegetation in alpine meadow ecosystems will respond to expected global change.
Dianthus sylvestris subsp. sylvestris as a promising candidate for phytostabilization of copper-contaminated post-mining sites in Alpine ecosystems
<p>The lack of remediation of inactive mine sites is a serious global concern, as they pose risks to the environment, human health, and safety. The potential of <em>Dianthus sylvestris</em> subsp. <em>sylvestris</em> to remediate post-mining sites contaminated with copper (Cu) at high altitudes, which is a challenging task for most management strategies, was explored in this study. More than 1300 mg Cu kg<sup>-1</sup> in shoots were found in plants collected at the Monte Avanza legacy mine site (Alps). However, it is unclear whether this is due to hyperaccumulation or foliar contamination. To address this gap, field samples were washed with two different protocols, and a controlled Cu-tolerance test was conducted. While very high Cu concentrations, exceeding the Cu hyperaccumulation threshold of 300 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, were found in samples washed with water, results for the plants cleaned with a more rigorous approach with EDTA suggested Cu exclusion strategy. Under controlled conditions, the plant showed Cu hypertolerance but did not hyperaccumulate Cu. Thus <em>D. sylvestris</em> presents a Cu exclusion strategy rather than hyperaccumulation potential, making it a suitable candidate for Cu phytostabilization at high-altitude legacy mine sites. The study emphasizes the need for experiments under controlled conditions when assessing the phytoremediation potential.</p>
Comparison of Species Composition and Climate Drivers in High-Latitude Alpine Ecosystems and High-Altitude Alpine Ecosystems
<p>Plot-wise data of two distinct alpine ecosystems: the High-Latitude Alpine Ecosystems (HLAE) of Hardangervidda National Park.</p>
Data from: Plant diversity and density predict belowground diversity and function in an early successional alpine ecosystem
Despite decades of interest, few studies have provided evidence supporting theoretical expectations for coupled relationships between aboveground and belowground diversity and ecosystem functioning in non-manipulated naturalecosystems. We characterized plant species richness and density, soil bacterial, fungal and eukaryotic species richness and phylogenetic diversity (using 16S, ITS, and 18S gene sequencing), and ecosystem function (levels of soil C and N, and rates of microbial enzyme activities) along a natural gradient in plant richness and density in high-elevation, C-deficient soils to examine the coupling between above- and belowground systems. Overall, we observed a strong positive relationship between aboveground (plant richness and density) and belowground (bacteria, fungi, and non-fungal eukaryotes) richness. In addition to the correlations between plants and soil communities, C and N pools, and rates of enzyme activities increased as plant and soil communities became richer and more diverse. Our results suggest that the theoretically expected positive correlation between above- and belowground communities does exist in natural systems, but may be undetectable in late successional ecosystems due to the buildup of legacy organic matter that results in extremely complex belowground communities. In contrast, microbial communities in early successional systems, such as the system described here, are more directly dependent on contemporary inputs from plants and therefore are strongly correlated with plant diversity and density.
The functioning of alpine grassland ecosystems: climate outweighs plant species richness
<ol> <li><span>The biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship has received significant attention in recent decades. It has been widely demonstrated that plant diversity plays a crucial role in enhancing the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. However, few studies have tested the influence of plant species richness in mediating the impacts of climate on ecosystem functions at large spatial scales. </span></li> <li><span>To address this gap, we utilized data from field surveys across broad climatic gradients at the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Our goal was to examine the importance of plant species richness for the functioning of alpine grassland ecosystems, specifically productivity and soil carbon sequestration. </span></li> <li><span>Our results showed strong positive correlations between ecosystem functioning and growing season precipitation as well as species richness. In contrast, there was a negative correlation with growing season temperature. Notably, the positive effect of growing season precipitation on ecosystem functioning outweighed the negative effect of growing season temperature. The indirect effects of growing season precipitation and temperature on ecosystem functioning through changes in species richness were weak. Furthermore, the inclusion of climate factors in the model weakened the relationships between species richness and ecosystem functioning.</span></li> <li><span><em>Synthesis</em>. Our findings demonstrate that climate factors are more important than species richness for the provisioning of ecosystem functions at large spatial scales. In summary, our study underscores the importance of considering climate factors alongside species richness when assessing ecosystem functioning across extensive geographical areas.</span></li> </ol>
Land use and ecosystem service value spatiotemporal dynamics, topographic gradient effect and their driving factors in typical alpine ecosystems of the east Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Implications for conservation and development
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Data from: Ecosystem nitrogen retention is regulated by plant community trait interactions with nutrient status in an alpine meadow
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Data from: Landsat-based greening trends in alpine ecosystems are inflated by multidecadal increases in summer observations
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Data from: Population re-establishment and spatial dynamics of crowberry (Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum), a foundation species in restored alpine ecosystems
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Dianthus sylvestris subsp. sylvestris as a promising candidate for phytostabilization of copper-contaminated post-mining sites in Alpine ecosystems
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Data from: Biogeographic patterns of soil microbial biomass in alpine ecosystems depend on local rather than regional drivers
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Data from: Effects of advancing treelines and melting glaciers on alpine lake ecosystems: A mesocosm experiment
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