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15 results for “altruistic”
Exploring Changes in COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions by Prompting Altruistic Motives Using a Video Intervention
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04960228. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data and files for: Decoupling cooperation and punishment in humans shows that punishment is not an altruistic trait
<p>Economic experiments have suggested that cooperative humans will altruistically match local levels of cooperation ('conditional cooperation') and pay to punish non-cooperators ('altruistic punishment'). Evolutionary models have suggested that if altruists punish non-altruists this could favour the evolution of costly helping behaviours (cooperation) among strangers. An often-key requirement is that helping behaviours and punishing behaviours form one single, conjoined trait ('strong reciprocity'). Previous economics experiments have provided support for the hypothesis that punishment and cooperation form one conjoined, altruistically motivated, trait. However, such a conjoined trait may be evolutionarily unstable, and previous experiments have confounded a fear of being punished with being surrounded by cooperators, two factors that could favour cooperation. Here, we experimentally decouple the fear of punishment from a cooperative environment and allow cooperation and punishment behaviour to freely separate (420 participants). We show, that if a minority of individuals are made immune to punishment, they (1) learn to stop cooperating on average despite being surrounded by high levels of cooperation, contradicting the idea of conditional cooperation; and (2) often continue to punish, 'hypocritically', showing that cooperation and punishment do not form one, altruistically motivated, linked trait.</p>
Reducing racial ingroup biases in empathy and altruistic decision-making by shifting racial identification
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Data and files for: Decoupling cooperation and punishment in humans shows that punishment is not an altruistic trait
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Data from: Evolution of altruistic cooperation among nascent multicellular organisms
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Altruistic bet-hedging and the evolution of cooperation in a Kalahari bird
<p>Analyses of the global biogeography of altruism suggest that unpredictable environments have favoured the evolution of altruistic helping behaviour (helping to rear the offspring of others). It has therefore been hypothesised that selection for altruism may frequently arise because helping reduces variance in the reproductive success of relatives in unpredictable environments (a scenario termed 'altruistic bet-hedging'). Here we show that helping behaviour does reduce environmentally-induced variance in the reproductive success of relatives in a wild cooperative bird, the white-browed sparrow-weaver (<i>Plocepasser mahali</i>). Our decade-long study in the Kalahari desert reveals that non-breeding helpers have no overall effect on the mean reproductive success of related breeders, but instead reduce <i>variance </i>in the reproductive success of related breeders. Moreover, this variance reduction arises in part because helpers specifically reduce unpredictable rainfall-induced variance in reproductive success, just as hypothesised by global comparative analyses. Our novel analytical approach implicates effects of helping <i>per se </i>rather than correlated effects of group size and isolates within-mother effects of helping from potentially confounding among-mother variation in performance. Our findings lend new strength to the leading explanation for the global biogeography of altruism and highlight the wider importance of considering the impacts of altruism on both the mean and variance in performance of recipients.</p>
Altruistic bet-hedging and the evolution of cooperation in a Kalahari bird
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Data from: The evolutionary dynamics of adaptive virginity, sex-allocation and altruistic helping in haplodiploid animals
In haplodiploids, females can produce sons from unfertilized eggs without mating. However, virgin reproduction is usually considered to be a result of a failure to mate, rather than an adaptation. Here we build an analytical model for evolution of virgin reproduction, sex-allocation, and altruistic female helping in haplodiploid taxa. We show that when mating is costly (e.g. when mating increases predation risk), virginity can evolve as an adaptive female reproductive strategy. Furthermore, adaptive virginity results in strongly divergent sex-ratios in mated and virgin queen nests ('split sex ratios'), which promotes the evolution of altruistic helping by daughters in mated queen nests. However, when helpers evolve to be efficient and increase nest production significantly, virgin reproduction is selected against. Our results suggest that adaptive virginity could have been an important stepping stone on the pathway to eusociality in haplodiploids. We further show that virginity can be an adaptive reproductive strategy also in primitively social haplodiploids if workers bias the sex ratio toward females. By remaining virgin, queens are free to produce sons, the more valuable sex in a female-biased population. Our work brings a new dimension to the studies linking reproductive strategies with social evolution.
Replication package for: "Persuadable or Dissuadable Altruists? The Impact of Information of Recipient Characteristics on Giving"
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Altruistically Framed Messages and Impact on Parents' Reported Willingness to Immunize Their Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02015689. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Data from: The evolutionary dynamics of adaptive virginity, sex-allocation and altruistic helping in haplodiploid animals
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Data from: Monogamy promotes altruistic sterility in insect societies
Monogamy is associated with sibling-directed altruism in multiple animal taxa, including insects, birds, and mammals. Inclusive-fitness theory readily explains this pattern by identifying high relatedness as a promoter of altruism. In keeping with this prediction, monogamy should promote the evolution of voluntary sterility in insect societies if sterile workers make for better helpers. However, a recent mathematical population-genetics analysis failed to identify a consistent effect of monogamy on voluntary worker sterility. Here, we revisit that analysis. First, we relax genetic assumptions, considering not only alleles of extreme effect—encoding either no sterility or complete sterility—but also alleles with intermediate effects on worker sterility. Second, we broaden the stability analysis—which focused on the invasibility of populations where either all workers are fully-sterile or all workers are fully-reproductive—to identify where intermediate pure or mixed evolutionarily-stable states may occur. Third, we consider a broader range of demographically-explicit ecological scenarios relevant to altruistic worker non-reproduction and to the evolution of eusociality more generally. We find that, in the absence of genetic constraints, monogamy always promotes altruistic worker sterility and may inhibit spiteful worker sterility. Our extended analysis demonstrates that an exact population-genetics approach strongly supports the prediction of inclusive-fitness theory that monogamy promotes sib-directed altruism in social insects.
Altruistic Decisions
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03116581. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Global Controlled Trial on Effects of an Online Self-Help Program for of Ambitious Altruists on Their Mental Health, Wellbeing, and Productivity: Comparing Versions With IFS vs. CBT, Buddy- vs. Group-
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06442072. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Monogamy promotes altruistic sterility in insect societies
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.