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10 results for “ancestral hosts”
Fig.3 in A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins
Fig.3 | Relativemeandispersalratesofbutterfliesbetweenbioregions. Numbersbesideeacharrowareaverageratesfrom 1,000 simulationsusing biogeographicstochasticmappingin BioGeoBEARS. Thesenumbersweredividedby 100 foreaseof comparison (rawvaluescanbefoundin Supplementary Data 5). E., Eastern;W., Western.
Fig. 1 in A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins
Fig. 1 | Evolutionaryrelationshipsanddiversificationpatternsofbutterflies. Time-calibratedtreeof 2,244 butterflyspeciesbasedon 391 loci and 150 amino acidpartitions.Branchesshowdistinctchangesindiversification (circles) asestimatedbyclade-specificmodels.Lettersatnodesrefertocladeswith significantrateshifts (seesection 6 of Supplementary Results).Colouredlines intheouterringbesidetipsindicateassociationwithoneof the 13 hostmodules (seesection 17 of Extended Online Methods).Blacklinesinthehostassociation ringindicatespecieswithoutdata,andasterisksdenotenon-monophyletic subfamilies.Supplementary Fig. 1 showsthistreewithvisiblespeciesnamesand agesforallnodes.
Fig. 2 in A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins
Fig. 2 | Distributionofbutterfliesovertime. Bioregionshadingindicatesthenumberofbutterflylineagesthatwereassociatedwiththatbioregionduringthattime period,asdeterminedby BioGeoBEARSancestralstatereconstruction.Eachmapcorrespondstoa 15-Maintervalofbutterfly evolution.Resultsarebasedon data fromthisstudy.
Bayesian inference of ancestral host-parasite interactions under a phylogenetic model of host repertoire evolution
<p>Intimate ecological interactions, such as those between parasites and their hosts, may persist over long time spans, coupling the evolutionary histories of the lineages involved. Most methods that reconstruct the coevolutionary history of such interactions make the simplifying assumption that parasites have a single host. Many methods also focus on congruence between host and parasite phylogenies, using cospeciation as the null model. However, there is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that the host ranges of parasites are more complex: that host ranges often include more than one host and evolve via gains and losses of hosts rather than through cospeciation alone. Here, we develop a Bayesian approach for inferring coevolutionary history based on a model accommodating these complexities. Specifically, a parasite is assumed to have a host repertoire, which includes both potential hosts and one or more actual hosts. Over time, potential hosts can be added or lost, and potential hosts can develop into actual hosts or vice versa. Thus, host colonization is modeled as a two-step process that may potentially be influenced by host relatedness. We first explore the statistical behavior of our model by simulating evolution of host-parasite interactions under a range of parameter values. We then use our approach, implemented in the program RevBayes, to infer the coevolutionary history between 34 Nymphalini butterfly species and 25 angiosperm families. Our analysis suggests that host relatedness among angiosperm families influences how easily Nymphalini lineages gain new hosts.</p>
Bayesian inference of ancestral host-parasite interactions under a phylogenetic model of host repertoire evolution
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Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants
<p>Adoption of novel host plants by herbivorous insects can require new adaptations and may entail loss of adaptation to ancestral hosts. We examined relationships between an endangered subspecies of the butterfly <i>Euphydryas editha </i>(Taylor's checkerspot) and three host plant species. Two of the hosts (<i>Castilleja hispida, Castilleja levisecta</i>) were used ancestrally while the other, <i>Plantago lanceolata</i>, is exotic and was adopted more recently. We measured oviposition preference, neonate preference, larval growth, and secondary chemical uptake on all three hosts. Adult females readily laid eggs on all hosts but favored <i>Plantago </i>and tended to avoid <i>C. levisecta. </i>Oviposition preference changed over time.<i> </i>Neonates had no preference among host species, but consistently chose bracts over leaves within both <i>Castilleja </i>species. Larvae developed successfully on all species and grew to similar size on all of them unless they ate only <i>Castilleja </i>leaves (rather than bracts) which limited their growth. Diet strongly influenced secondary chemical uptake by larvae. Larvae that ate <i>Plantago </i>or <i>C. hispida </i>leaves contained the highest concentrations of iridoid glycosides, and iridoid glycoside composition varied with host species and tissue type. Despite having largely switched to a novel exotic host and generally performing better on it, this population has retained breadth in preference and ability to use other hosts.</p>
Data from: Survival relative to new and ancestral host plants, phytoplasma infection and genetic constitution in host races of a polyphagous insect disease vector
Dissemination of vectorborne diseases depends strongly on the vector's host range and the pathogen's reservoir range. Because vectors interact with pathogens, the direction and strength of a vector's host shift is vital for understanding epidemiology and is embedded in the framework of ecological specialization. This study investigates survival in host-race evolution of a polyphagous insect disease vector, Hyalesthes obsoletus, whether survival is related to the direction of the host shift (from field bindweed to stinging nettle), the interaction with plant-specific strains of obligate vectored pathogens/symbionts (stolbur phytoplasma), and whether survival is related to genetic differentiation between the host races. We used a twice repeated, identical nested experimental design to study survival of the vector on alternative hosts and relative to infection status. Survival was tested with Kaplan–Meier analyses, while genetic differentiation between vector populations was quantified with microsatellite allele frequencies. We found significant direct effects of host plant (reduced survival on wrong hosts) and sex (males survive longer than females) in both host races and relative effects of host (nettle animals more affected than bindweed animals) and sex (males more affected than females). Survival of bindweed animals was significantly higher on symptomatic than nonsymptomatic field bindweed, but in the second experiment only. Infection potentially had a positive effect on survival in nettle animals but due to low infection rates the results remain suggestive. Genetic differentiation was not related to survival. Greater negative plant-transfer effect but no negative effect of stolbur in the derived host race suggests preadaptation to the new pathogen/symbiont strain before strong diversifying selection during the specialization process. Physiological maladaptation or failure to accept the ancestral plant will have similar consequences, namely positive assortative mating within host races and a reduction in the likelihood of oviposition on the alternative plant and thus the acquisition of alternative stolbur strains.
Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants
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Data from: Ancestral chytrid pathogen remains hypervirulent following its long co-evolution with amphibian hosts
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Data from: Survival relative to new and ancestral host plants, phytoplasma infection and genetic constitution in host races of a polyphagous insect disease vector
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.