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20 results for “annual plant communities”
Dataset of Rainy years counteract negative effects of drought on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity: resilience in annual plant communities
<p>Data used in the article: </p> <p><strong>Rainy years counteract negative effects of drought on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity: resilience in annual plant communities</strong></p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>1- Climate models forecast changes in the amounts and distribution of rain, which may affect ecosystems worldwide, especially in drylands where water is already the limiting factor for plant life. Annual plant communities are common in drylands where they can complete their entire life cycle during the rainy period while avoiding the dry season. Moreover, seed dormancy allows them to disperse over time by remaining in the seed bank for long periods. However, the extent to which these communities will be able to tolerate increasing drought is uncertain.</p> <p>2- We performed a five-year rainfall reduction treatment under field conditions and determined its effects on annual plant communities in a Mediterranean gypsum ecosystem. We assessed the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of these communities each year for five years.</p> <p>3-The taxonomic and functional diversity decreased under the rainfall reduction treatment whereas the phylogenetic diversity increased. Moreover, the relative importance of species with drought-resistant functional designs increased in the community assemblages. However, after a rainy season with above average rainfall, all of the diversity values recovered completely even under the rainfall reduction treatment.</p> <p>4- Our results provide important insights into the responses of these plant communities under a climate change scenario, where they indicate high losses of diversity during drought events but rapid recovery in milder years.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em> Our findings highlight the great resilience of annual plant communities in drylands, which may allow them to tolerate increased drought under the present climate change scenario.</p>
Fig. 3 in Insect visitors to the annual plant community in a xeric environment in Central Mexico
Fig. 3. Canonical correspondence analyses of the abundance of floral visitors in response to environmental variables (disturbance index, temperature, and humidity). (a) Effect of environmental variables on the abundance of each insect order of floral visitors. (b) Effect of environmental variables on the abundance of insect species displaying abundance that was significantly different between sites.
Fig. 2 in Insect visitors to the annual plant community in a xeric environment in Central Mexico
Fig. 2. Dendrogram showing similarity indexes obtained from species composition of floral visitors shared by the annual plants distributed at the low (LPD) and high (HPD) plant density sites.
Fig. 1 in Insect visitors to the annual plant community in a xeric environment in Central Mexico
Fig. 1. Abundance-rank curves of the insect species collected visiting the flowers of annual plants in sites with contrasting plant density. Relative abundance is plotted on a log10 scale, and the abscissa is the rank from the most to the least common species (James & Rathbun 1981). Closed triangles and diamonds indicate the abundance of Dasytinae species 1 (Coleoptera) and Miridae species 1 (Hemiptera), in the low and high plant density sites, respectively.
Floral density and co-occurring congeners alter patterns of selection in annual plant communities
While the evolution and diversification of flowers is often attributed to pollinator-mediated selection, interactions between co-occurring plant species can alter patterns of selection mediated by pollinators and other agents. The extent to which both floral density and congeneric species richness affect patterns of net and pollinator-mediated selection on multiple co-occurring species in a community is unknown and is likely to depend on whether co-occurring plants experience competition or facilitation for reproduction. We conducted an observational study of selection on four species of <i>Clarkia</i> (Onagraceae) and tested for pollinator-mediated selection on two <i>Clarkia</i> species in communities differing in congeneric species richness and local floral density. When selection varied with community context, selection was generally stronger in communities with fewer species, where local conspecific floral density was higher, and where local heterospecific floral density was lower. These patterns suggest that intraspecific competition at high densities and interspecific competition at low densities may affect the evolution of floral traits. However, selection on floral traits was not pollinator-mediated in <i>C. cylindrica</i> or <i>C. xantiana</i>, despite variation in pollinator visitation and the extent of pollen limitation across communities for <i>C. cylindrica</i>. As such, interactions between co-occurring species may alter patterns of selection mediated by abiotic agents of selection.
Dataset for: Using plant traits to understand the contribution of biodiversity effects to annual crop community productivity
<p>Dataset for: Using plant traits to understand the contribution of biodiversity effects to annual crop community productivity</p>
Patterns of frequency and density dependence are highly variable in diverse annual flowering plant communities
<p>Applications of ecological theory to natural communities often assume that competitive, negative density-dependent processes are the only type of interaction important for diversity maintenance. Recent advances suggest that positive interactions within trophic levels (e.g. plant-plant) may also affect plant coexistence. Though positive plant-plant interactions theoretically might result in positive or nonmonotonic frequency or density dependence (FD/DD), less is known about how commonly these patterns occur, or which ecological processes might result in such patterns in natural plant communities. In this study, we test for signals of variable frequency and density dependence in annual flowering plant communities in Western Australia and search for evidence that interactions among plants during flowering might induce positive or nonmonotonic FD/DD in flowering plants. Using four common annual wildflower species, we ask if plant fecundity exhibits positive or nonmonotonic FD/DD and if pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions during flowering change patterns of FD/DD relative to pollinator-independent plant interactions. Three species exhibited nonmonotonic (hump-shaped) density dependence, and only one species experienced strictly negative density dependence. Each species exhibited a different pattern of frequency dependence (positive, negative, weakly nonmonotonic, and no detectable frequency dependence). Pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions during flowering induced both nonmonotonic density dependence and negative frequency dependence in one species. Importantly, the extent of variation in FD/DD observed in our study brings into question the dominance of negative density and frequency dependence in theory, suggesting instead that demographic responses of plants to their communities fall along a continuum of possible density- and frequency-dependent patterns.</p>
Patterns of frequency and density dependence are highly variable in diverse annual flowering plant communities
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Floral density and co-occurring congeners alter patterns of selection in annual plant communities
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Data from: Fire history and plant community composition outweigh decadal multi-factor global change as drivers of microbial composition in an annual grassland
Soil microbial communities regulate and respond to key biogeochemical cycles and influence plant community patterns. However, microbial communities also respond to disturbance events, motivating an assessment of the relative roles of decadal multi-factor global change, disturbance, and plant community structure on microbial community responses. We used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to characterize the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities in bulk soil (0–7 cm) collected in 2014 from the Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment, a full-factorial field experiment in which ambient and elevated levels of nitrogen deposition (+7 g N m-2 yr-1 calcium nitrate), CO2 concentration (+275 ppm), temperature (+1–2 ºC), and precipitation (+50% volume with +3 weeks duration) were applied to a California annual grassland from 1998 to 2014. We used linear mixed-effects modeling to test for the effects of global change on microbial diversity (observed richness, Shannon index). We also used generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM) to study controls on compositional dissimilarity in fungal and bacterial communities. Bacterial community composition was best explained by exposure to fires in 2003 and 2011, whereas fungal community composition was best explained by plant community composition. The richness of fungi increased under elevated nitrogen deposition; bacterial diversity metrics decreased under warmer temperatures. Interactions between global change factors were statistically insignificant or weak. Synthesis. Our results indicate that even on decadal timescales, the effects of fire history and plant community composition on bacterial and fungal community composition, respectively, outweigh the effects of multi-factor global change. Furthermore, global change factors have mostly additive effects on microbial diversity patterns. Our results show that highly variable mediators such as fire history and plant community composition limit the generalizability of soil microbial responses to long-term global change.
What drives temporal stability of biomass production? Testing the roles of species diversity, dominance, asynchrony and spatial scale in annual plant communities
<p><span><b><span>Aims:</span></b><span> Primary biomass production is a fundamental process for ecosystem functioning. Yet, little is known on the mechanisms driving temporal stability of biomass production in annual plant communities, particularly in communities </span>subjected to highly variable environments and undergoing temporal changes in species composition.<span> We aimed to disentangle </span>the relative importance of biomass production, species <span>diversity, dominance and asynchrony of species fluctuations as drivers of biomass stability in Mediterranean and semiarid annual plant communities. </span></span></p> <p><span><b><span>Location:</span></b><span> Mediterranean (</span><span>N31<sup>o</sup>42'; E35<sup>o</sup>03') and Semiarid (N31<sup>o</sup>23'; E34<sup>o</sup>54') sites, Israel.</span></span></p> <p><span><b><span>Methods:</span></b><span> Aboveground biomass and species abundance were monitored in 15 plots of 250m<sup>2</sup> per site during eight consecutive years. Relationships between stability drivers and community stability were studied at the regional (between-sites) and local (within-sites) spatial scales.</span></span></p> <p><span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span> Community biomass stability (temporal mean/SD) increased from the Semiarid to the Mediterranean site concomitantly with higher </span>biomass production, richness, and evenness, but was not associated with changes in species synchrony. Differences in stability between sites were due to opposite effects of site conditions on the mean and SD of community biomass, leading to higher stability in the Mediterranean site. Within sites, species asynchrony was the key driver of stability at the local spatial-scale. Richness and biomass production affected stability indirectly through asynchrony, but in different ways at each site. At the Mediterranean site, these factors had indirect negative effects on stability by reducing asynchrony, but did not rescind a positive effect of asynchrony on community stability. At the Semiarid site, biomass production had indirect positive effects on stability through asynchrony, while richness had no effect on asynchrony and stability. Stability was not driven by species evenness in either site. </span></p> <p><span><b><span>Conclusions: </span></b>Our study provides new insights into the complex control of biomass stability in the dynamics of <span>Mediterranean and semiarid annual plant communities, with d</span>ifferent mechanisms driving stability across the regional <i>vs.</i> local spatial scales. </span></p>
Data from: Regional climate and local-scale biotic acceptance explain native-exotic diversity relationships in Australian annual plant communities
Native and exotic species richness is expected to be negatively related at small spatial scales where individuals interact, and positive at larger spatial scales as a greater variety of habitats are sampled. However, a range of native-exotic richness relationships (NERRs) have been reported, including positive at small scales and negative at larger scales. We present a hierarchical metacommunity framework to explain how contrasting NERRs may emerge across scales and study systems, and then apply this framework to NERRs in an invaded winter annual plant system in south-west Western Australia. We analysed NERRs at increasing spatial scales from neighbourhoods (0.09 m2) to communities (225 m2) to metacommunities (>10 ha) within a multi-level structural equation model. In contrast to many previous studies, native and exotic richness were positively related at the neighbourhood scale and were not significantly associated at larger scales. Heterogeneity in soil surface properties was weakly, but positively, associated with native and exotic richness at the community-scale. Metacommunity exotic richness increased strongly with regional temperature and moisture availability, but relationships for native richness were negative and much weaker. Thus, we show that neutral NERRs can emerge at larger scales due to differential climatic filtering of native and exotic species pools.
Data from: Patch dynamics and temporal dispersal partly shape annual plant communities in ephemeral habitat patches
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What drives temporal stability of biomass production? Testing the roles of species diversity, dominance, asynchrony and spatial scale in annual plant communities
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Data from: Annual ring growth of a widespread high-arctic shrub reflects past fluctuations in community-level plant biomass
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Data from: Regional climate and local-scale biotic acceptance explain native-exotic diversity relationships in Australian annual plant communities
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Data from: Fire history and plant community composition outweigh decadal multi‐factor global change as drivers of microbial composition in an annual grassland
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Climate warming threatens the persistence of a community of disturbance-adapted native annual plants
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Data from: Two dimensions define the variation of fine root traits across plant communities under the joint influence of ecological succession and annual mowing
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Inter-annual precipitation variability alters the effects of soil resource enrichment and mycorrhizal suppression on plant communities in desert steppe
<p><strong>Questions:</strong> In desert steppes, plant community productivity and species composition are primarily co-limited by soil water and nitrogen availability. However, how the addition of resources and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi interactively influence plant community performance has not been investigated in detail.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Desert steppe, China.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We performed a field study to examine the effects of levels of increased water, nitrogen and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal suppression on plant communities in 2 year with contrasting inter-annual precipitation variability in desert steppe.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We found that inter-annual precipitation variability altered plant community composition and productivity in responses to water and nitrogen addition and mycorrhizal suppression. AM fungal suppression had few effects on aboveground plant productivity, whereas the primary effects of water and nitrogen addition were significant across all two years. The addition of water and nitrogen altered plant community composition and productivity primarily by increasing the abundance and biomass of annual species only in normal year (2019), but decreasing the abundance of perennial grasses regardless of the presence of AM fungi across two years with contrasting precipitation conditions. Moreover, the addition of water alone slightly increased the species richness and Shannon diversity compared with the control.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our findings highlight the importance of inter-annual precipitation variability rather than that of soil resource enrichment and plant–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi interactions in plant community composition within the desert steppe.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.