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ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
7 results for “anthropogenic contaminants”
Data set of anthropogenic contaminants in snow from polar regions (Ny-Alesund and Dome C)
<p>The produced dataset (in MS Excel format) contains concentrations of mercury, trace elements and organic contaminants in snow samples collected in the Ny-Alesund area (Svalbard - Norway) (78.917° N 11.933° E) and from the Antarctic Plateau, Dome C (75.103°S, 123.35°E). The Arctic sampling sites are reported in figure 1. The concentrations for trace elements and mercury are in ngg<sup>-1</sup> while for the organic contaminants they are reported in ngL<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <p>The inorganic contaminants dataset reports concentration of Hg, Trace elements and Black Carbon in Arctic and Antarctic site. The Arctic sites are subdivided in annual snow pack on the glacier and surface snow sampling close to the Gruvebadet Aerosol Laboratory. In Antarctica mercury concentrations in surface snow are also reported.</p> <p>The organic contaminants dataset reports the concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface snow samples collected close to the Gruvebadet Aerosol Laboratory (78.91622°N 11.89536°E, Ny Alesund, Norway). Samplings were performed from 04/10/2018 to 13/05/2019, obtaining a total of 35 samples, encompassing the entire winter season with an approximatively weekly resolution. Total PAH (sum of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(<em>a</em>)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(<em>b</em>)fluoranthene, benzo(<em>k</em>) fluoranthene, benzo(<em>a</em>)pyrene, benzo(<em>ghi</em>)perylene, indeno(<em>1,2,3-c,d</em>)pyrene and dibenzo(<em>a,h</em>)anthracene) concentrations range from 0.8 to 37 ng L<sup>-1</sup>. Individual PAHs were mean blank corrected and average percentage abundances in the samples are reported in the dataset.</p>
Data set for anthropogenic contaminants in ice cores (Dome C - Antarctica)
<p>The produced dataset (in <em>MS Excel</em> format) contains depth profile concentrations of a 16.5 m deep shallow core (covering approx. 200 years before present) drilled at the plateau site of Dome C, East Antarctica (75°06' South Latitude, 123°21' East Longitude), during the 23<sup>rd</sup> Italian Antarctic Expedition.</p> <p>The concentrations of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (<em>PAH</em>) Benzo[k]fluoranthene (<em>BKF</em>) and of Organochlorinated Pesticides (<em>OCP</em>) expressed as three single compounds (<em>PeCB</em>, <em>ALD</em> and <em>44D</em>) and total (<em>Σ<sub>51</sub> Pesticides</em>) are given in ng L<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <p>The ice core covers a time interval, which includes periods before and after the introduction of these Persistent Organic Pollutants (<em>POPs</em>) in commercial mixtures, as well as periods before the construction of research station facilities. However, in the top samples of the ice core, detected concentrations of analytes are ascribable to industrial anthropogenic activities.</p>
Contamination from microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in the digestive tracts of the commercial species Engraulis encrasicolus and Sardina pilchardus
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Fragments of microplastics (< 5mm) found in commercial species of fish, crustaceans, and bivalves, are an issue of global concern. The bioaccumulation of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in different levels of the food web may provoke unwanted impacts on marine ecosystems and cause pernicious effects on human health. Here, we study the presence of anthropogenic particles and the fraction of microplastics in the target organs of two representative commercial fish species in Spain; the European anchovy (<em>Engraulis encrasicolus</em>) and the European pilchard (<em>Sardina pilchardus</em>). The individuals were sampled along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz, from the Bay of Cádiz to Cape Santa Maria. The isolation of the microplastics (MPs) was carried out with a complete alkaline-oxidant organic digestion (KOH-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) of the digestive tract, including both the contents ingested and the muscle tissues. Anthropogenic particles were found in all individuals of both species with an average of 8.94 ± 5.11 items·ind<sup>-1</sup>. Fibres made up 93 % of the items while fragments and films were represented by the remaining 7 %. The average size of the anthropogenic particles was 0.89 ± 0.82 mm. In addition to the fragment and film particles identified as microplastics, 29 % of the fibres were estimated to be microplastics by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The main polymer found in both species was nylon. No significant correlation was found between the abundance and size of anthropogenic particles ingested and individual size or other body variables. The analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and the distanced-based multiple linear regression model showed a high homogeneity in anthropogenic particle contamination in both species throughout the study area along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz.</p>
Latitudinal gradients of snow contamination in the Rocky Mountains associated with anthropogenic pollutant sources
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Data from: RAD-sequencing reveals within-generation polygenic selection in response to anthropogenic organic and metal contamination in North Atlantic Eels
Measuring the effects of selection on the genome imposed by human-altered environment is currently a major goal in ecological genomics. Given the polygenic basis of most phenotypic traits, quantitative genetic theory predicts that selection is expected to cause subtle allelic changes among covarying loci rather than pronounced changes at few loci of large effects. The goal of this study was to test for the occurrence of polygenic selection in both North Atlantic eels (European Eel, Anguilla anguilla and American Eel, A. rostrata), using a method that searches for covariation among loci that would discriminate eels from "control" vs. "polluted" environments and be associated with specific contaminants acting as putative selective agents. RAD-seq libraries resulted in 23,659 and 14,755 filtered loci for the European and American Eels respectively. A total of 142 and 141 covarying markers discriminating European and American Eels from "control" vs. "polluted" sampling localities were obtained using the Random Forest algorithm. Distance-based redundancy analyses (db-RDAs) were used to assess the relationships between these covarying markers and concentration of 34 contaminants measured for each individual eel. PCB153, 4'4'DDE and selenium were associated with covarying markers for both species, thus pointing to these contaminants as major selective agents in contaminated sites . Gene enrichment analyses suggested that sterol regulation plays an important role in the differential survival of eels in "polluted" environment. This study illustrates the power of combining methods for detecting signals of polygenic selection and for associating variation of markers with putative selective agents in studies aiming at documenting the dynamics of selection at the genomic level, and particularly so in human altered environments.
Contamination from microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in the digestive tracts of the commercial species Engraulis encrasicolus and Sardina pilchardus
<p><strong>Dataset of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles found on stomach contents of anchovy and sardines in the gulf of Cadiz (Europe)<br> Dataset with date, longitude and latitude, species, area, sub-area, distance to Guadiana river mouth measured in kilometers (Guadiana), distance to Guadalquivir river mouth measured in kilometers (Guadalquivir), distance to the Bay of Cadiz measured in kilometers (Cadiz), distance to Huelva city measured in kilometers (Huelva), Individual, size (Cm), total weight (g), stomach weight (g), Relative condition index (Kn), Gonadosomatic index (GSI), sex, number of fibres and number of “others anthropogenic particles”.</strong></p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Fragments of microplastics (< 5mm) found in commercial species of fish, crustaceans, and bivalves, are an issue of global concern. The bioaccumulation of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in different levels of the food web may provoke unwanted impacts on marine ecosystems and cause pernicious effects on human health. Here, we study the presence of anthropogenic particles and the fraction of microplastics in the target organs of two representative commercial fish species in Spain; the European anchovy (<em>Engraulis encrasicolus</em>) and the European pilchard (<em>Sardina pilchardus</em>). The individuals were sampled along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz, from the Bay of Cádiz to Cape Santa Maria. The isolation of the microplastics (MPs) was carried out with a complete alkaline-oxidant organic digestion (KOH-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) of the digestive tract, including both the contents ingested and the muscle tissues. Anthropogenic particles were found in all individuals of both species with an average of 8.94 ± 5.11 items·ind<sup>-1</sup>. Fibres made up 93 % of the items while fragments and films were represented by the remaining 7 %. The average size of the anthropogenic particles was 0.89 ± 0.82 mm. In addition to the fragment and film particles identified as microplastics, 29 % of the fibres were estimated to be microplastics by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The main polymer found in both species was nylon. No significant correlation was found between the abundance and size of anthropogenic particles ingested and individual size or other body variables. The analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and the distanced-based multiple linear regression model showed a high homogeneity in anthropogenic particle contamination in both species throughout the study area along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz.</p>
Data from: RAD-sequencing reveals within-generation polygenic selection in response to anthropogenic organic and metal contamination in North Atlantic Eels
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