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85 results for “anthropogenic disturbance”
Rodent ectoparasite diversity in response to anthropogenic disturbance
<p>Rodents are important hosts for ectoparasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites, which means they are also important intermediate hosts for many zoonotic diseases. As anthropogenic environments bring humans and rodents into closer contact, an understanding of host-ectoparasite ecology is essential to predict and manage disease spillover risks. We aimed to understand how disturbances in vegetation cover affect rodent ectoparasite diversity, prevalence, spatial segregation, host (i.e. sex, genus, size, habitat domain), and environmental (i.e. vegetation structure, forest cover, rainfall) variables in the state of Michoacan, Mexico. We compared these variables by trapping rodents in five paired disturbed (reduced vegetation cover, regular human presence) and undisturbed (no reduction in vegetation cover, no human presence) sites in the summer and autumn of 2022. From 108 trapped rodents, we collected 123 ectoparasites on 34 individuals. We found no difference in rodent diversity, ectoparasite diversity, or ectoparasite prevalence between disturbed and undisturbed sites. However, ground-dwelling and male rodents had a higher probability of carrying ectoparasites than arboreal and female rodents. Rodents with ectoparasites were not spatially clustered; rather, they were randomly distributed across trapping grids. We also identified two rodent genera (<em>Rattus </em>and <em>Sigmodon</em>) that carry ectoparasites of medical importance and that are in close contact with humans. Our results highlight the necessity of constant monitoring of rodents, ectoparasites, and their associated transmittable diseases. Assessing these interactions and how they are affected by anthropogenic disturbance could better inform management decisions and support the need for rodent conservation programs in the area.</p>
Fig. 1 in Dynamics Of Mouse-Like Rodent Communities In Anthropogenically Disturbed Territories Of The Southeast Of Western Siberia (Kemerovo Region, Russia)
Fig. 1. The dynamics of similarity of small mammal populations in deforested zones compared to the initial population in taiga (using the Czekanowsky-SØrensen coefficient calculated for species' percentage in the community).
Contrasting effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the interaction among sympatric carnivores
Interaction among species is central to the stability of community structure. However, anthropogenic pressures alter interactions, disrupt trophic levels, and threaten ecosystem stability. Understanding interactions across human land-use gradients is fundamental to mitigating anthropogenic threats effectively and better managing threatened species. Using data from a large-scale camera trap survey, we developed a multispecies occupancy model for a carnivore guild comprising tiger, leopard, and dhole to investigate the effects of environmental (forest and prey abundance) and anthropogenic (settlement) variables on the interspecific interaction. Human settlement density had a strong but contrasting effect on interaction: as settlement density increased, tigers and leopards were less likely to coexist whereas leopards and dholes were more likely to occur together. Tiger and dhole occupancy was negatively associated with settlement density whereas, the leopard was positively associated. Per cent forest cover and large prey abundance had ubiquitous positive effects on carnivore occupancy. Our results indicate that human presence alters available niche space and spatial overlap among predators affecting interactions. The duality in the effect of the settlement on interacting pairs suggests that humans create a landscape of fear for apex predators but promotes coexistence between subordinate species partially supporting the intermediate disturbance hypothesis.
Effects of severe anthropogenic disturbance on the heart rate and body temperature in free-living greylag geese (Anser anser)
<p>Anthropogenic disturbances are a major concern for the welfare and conservation of wildlife. We recorded heart rate and body temperature of 20 free-living greylag geese in response to a major regularly re-occurring anthropogenic disturbance, New Year’s Eve fireworks. Heart rate and body temperature were significantly higher in the first and second hour of the new year, compared to the same hour on the 31<sup>st</sup> of December, the average during December and the average during January. Heart rate and body temperature was not significantly affected by sex or age. From 0200-0300 onwards, 1<sup>st</sup> of January heart rates did not significantly differ from the other periods, however body temperatures were significantly increased until 0300-0400. From 0400-0500, heart rate was not affected by any of the investigated factors, whereas body temperature was significantly increased on the 1<sup>st</sup> of January compared 31<sup>st</sup> of December and the December average but not compared to the January average. To conclude, our results show that New Year’s Eve fireworks cause a substantial physiological response, indicative of a stress response in greylag geese, which is costly in terms of energy expenditure.</p>
Mechanisms of unbalanced sediment transport linked to anthropogenic disturbance in world's largest tidal power plant
<p>Analysis_code.zip and Mooring_toolbox.zip contain matlab m-files. The code was designed to analysis the changes from the mooring data.</p> <p>Data.zip contains a mooring observation data in Lake Sihwa. The velocity profiles and backscatter intensities were measured with a downward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) (RDI, 600 kHz WorkHorse Sentinel). The mooring system was designed to measure the near-bed temperature, salinity, and turbidity using conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensors (RBR, XR-420, and Concerto) and an optical backscatter sensor (OBS) (Seapoint Turbidity Meter).</p> <p>Waterlevel.zip has water level data in the ocean and Lake Sihwa.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Figs 5, 6. Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885 in Effects of anthropogenic disturbance in the survival of the sand lizard, Liolaemus occipitalis (Squamata: Liolaemidae)
Figs 5, 6. Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885 size in State Park of Itapeva (green circle) and Real beach (blue circle), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: 5, female; 6, male.
Fig. 1 in Effects of anthropogenic disturbance in the survival of the sand lizard, Liolaemus occipitalis (Squamata: Liolaemidae)
Fig. 1. Location map of sampling areas for the two populations of Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885 in the study, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Triangle: Real beach; Circle: State Park of Itapeva (PEI).
Figs 2-4 in Effects of anthropogenic disturbance in the survival of the sand lizard, Liolaemus occipitalis (Squamata: Liolaemidae)
Figs 2-4. Abundance of Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885 estimated in each primary sampling occasion for State Park of Itapeva (P) and Real beach (R), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: 2, adult males; 3, adult females; 4, juveniles. Samplings 1 – 3 were conducted in 2015 and 4 – 6 in 2016; Vertical lines are representative of confidence intervals of 95%.
Fig. 3 in Temporal variability of fish larvae assemblages: influence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances
Fig. 3. Principal Components Analysis of the environmental variables' matrixes recorded in the upper Uruguay River between October 2001 and March 2004. Sampling sites: LIG: Ligeiro, ULIG: Uruguay-Ligeiro, CH: Chapecó and UCH: Uruguay-Chapecó. Reproductive Periods: RP1: First Reproductive Period, RP2: Second Reproductive Period and RP3: Third Reproductive Period.
Fig. 2 in Temporal variability of fish larvae assemblages: influence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances
Fig. 2. Abundance of fish larvae in different stages of development recorded in the sampling sites of the upper Uruguay River from October 2001 to March 2004. Larval development stages: LY = Larval Yolk; PF = Pre-flexion; FL = Flexion and FP = Post-flexion. Sampling sites: LIG: Ligeiro, ULIG: Uruguay-Ligeiro, CH: Chapecó and UCH: Uruguay- Chapecó. Reproductive Periods: RP1: First Reproductive Period, RP2: Second Reproductive Period and RP3: Third Reproductive Period.
Fig. 1 in Temporal variability of fish larvae assemblages: influence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances
Fig. 1. Location of the sampling sites in the upper Uruguay River in southern Brazil. Samplings sites: LIG: Ligeiro, ULIG: Uruguay-Ligeiro, CH: Chapecó, UCH: Uruguay-Chapecó.
Tree stem diameter and height of Araucaria araucana, Nothofagus pumilio and Nothofagus dombeyi in mixed stands affected to different levels by anthropogenic disturbance in south-central Chile
<p><em><strong>Context: </strong></em>Around half of the <em>Araucaria-Nothofagus</em> forests in Chile are affected by anthropogenic disturbances such as logging, grazing, and seed harvesting, causing forest structure to become more heterogeneous. This can critically affect natural regeneration and stand development. It also challenges forest management and yield estimations, involving tree height predictions. The data allow to assess the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on forest structure and to identify optimal tree height models and calibration designs. Based on the data provided, a general workflow for this purpose was developed and published on GitHub as R software (Zhou & Zwanzig 2022).</p> <p><em><strong>Location: </strong></em>Mixed <em>Araucaria-Nothofagus</em> forests of the Andes Cordillera in the Araucaria Region in south-central Chile. Latitude, longitude and altitude of the plots is provided in the data table.</p> <p><em><strong>Taxon:</strong></em> Monkey Puzzle tree (<em>Araucaria araucana</em> (Molina) K.Koch), Lenga Beech (<em>Nothofagus pumilio</em> (Poepp. & Endl.) Krasser), Coigue (<em>Nothofagus dombeyi</em> (Mirb.) Oerst.)</p> <p><em><strong>Methods:</strong></em> A total of twelve stands were studied at four different sites and classified into four different intensities of anthropogenic disturbance depending on the intensity of the combined effects of logging, grazing and seed harvesting. In 25 to 36 plots per stand, horizontal point sampling measurements of stem diameter as well as of height of selected trees were carried out using a basal area factor of 4 m² per hectare. Diameter at breast height (DBH, in cm) was measured for all selected trees and total tree height (HT, in m) was measured for one-third of them using a Haga device.</p> <p>For ten of the plots, in which no trees were found by horizontal point sampling, 'NA' is entered for species and no values are given for DBH and HT in the data table.</p> <p><em><strong>Funding:</strong></em> The field data collection was funded through the project 016/2019 “Indicadores fenológicos y estructurales de alteración de hábitat en bosques de <em>Araucaria</em>”, being part of the Fondo de Investigación del Bosque Nativo (FIBN) of the Corporación Nacional Forestal (CONAF) and the Ministry of Agriculture of Chile.</p> <p><em><strong>Contributions:</strong></em> JH, PC and AP conceived the field study and acquired the funds; EK, JH, PC and AP performed the empirical observations; XZ, EK and MZ reviewed and processed the data collection for publication.</p>
Rodent ectoparasite diversity in response to anthropogenic disturbance
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The impact of anthropogenic disturbance on mycorrhizal fungi and their associations with rodents: insights from a temperate forest in Mexico
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Contrasting effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the interaction among sympatric carnivores
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Data from: Plant protection services mediated by extrafloral nectaries decline with aridity but are not influenced by chronic anthropogenic disturbance in Brazilian Caatinga
<p>1. Most terrestrial species occur in human-modified landscapes that are experiencing climate change. In addition to direct impacts on species, both anthropogenic disturbance and climate change can have important effects through changes in species interactions, including the disruption of ecological services provided by them.</p> <p>2. Here we investigate how chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD) and aridity affect the effectiveness of plant protection services provided by ants to plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs).</p> <p>3. The study was conducted across 13 01-ha plots distributed along CAD and aridity gradients in Caatinga vegetation of northeastern Brazil. We focused on Pityrocarpa moniliformis, the most abundant and widely distributed EFN-bearing tree species occurring in our study area, and used experimental attack rates on termites as a measure of effectiveness of ant protection services. We investigated the relative roles of nectar production (volume and concentration) and ant species composition in mediating the effects of CAD and aridity on the effectiveness of protection services.</p> <p>4. Attack rates by ants declined with increasing aridity but were not related to CAD. The volume of extrafloral nectar declined with increasing CAD but was not affected by aridity, whereas the concentration was not related to either CAD or aridity. The composition of attendant ant species varied with aridity but not with CAD.</p> <p>5. Synthesis: The decline in ant-protection services with increased aridity was therefore mediated by changes in the composition of attendant ant species rather than by changes in the production of extrafloral nectar. Our findings suggest that CAD does not affect plant-protection services provided by ants but highlights the vulnerability of EFN-bearing plants to climate change through decreased predation of herbivores.</p>
Breaking ecological barriers: anthropogenic disturbance leads to habitat transitions, hybridization, and high genetic diversity
<p>Genetic diversity is expected to erode in disturbed habitats through strong selection, local extinctions, and recolonization associated with genetic bottlenecks and restricted gene flow. Despite this general prediction and over three decades of population genetics studies, our understanding of the long-term effect of environmental disturbance on local and regional genetic diversity remains limited. We conducted a population genetic survey of the microcrustacean <i>Daphnia</i> across a landscape subject to anthropogenic stressors from a century of industrial mining. At the local scale we found moderate genetic diversity (i.e., low clonal diversity), characteristic of habitat-specific selective sweeps and local extinctions, but high diversity and strong genetic structure at the regional scale despite the shared watershed of many lakes and exceptional dispersal ability of daphniids. Many habitats experienced changes in species assemblages, with the obligate asexual <i>Daphnia pulex</i> lineages—known only to inhabit ponds—dominating disrupted urban lakes. This habitat transition (pond to lake) was likely facilitated by the disruption of ecological barriers maintaining the genomic separation of these young species. Thus, disrupted habitats can exhibit complex and unexpected genetic patterns of local extinctions and recolonizations, followed by habitat transitions, hybridization and potential speciation events that are difficult to predict and should not be underestimated.</p>
Chronic anthropogenic disturbance mediates the biodiversity-productivity relationship across stand ages in a large temperate forest region
<div>Temperate forests, especially those in the densely populated regions of the world, are experiencing increasing levels of habitat degradation and biological impoverishment due to subtle but pervasive chronic anthropogenic disturbances including frequent and continuous grazing and extraction of non-timber forest products. However, the effects of these subtle, chronic disturbances on the biodiversity-productivity relationship have rarely been examined especially in forests at different development stages. Accordingly, this study explores how chronic anthropogenic disturbance affects the relationship between tree species diversity and forest productivity at different stand development stages in a large temperate forest region.</div> <div> </div> <div>We used the human footprint index as a proxy for chronic human disturbance. Hierarchical Bayesian models were employed to assess the effects of chronic human disturbance on the relationship between tree diversity and forest productivity across different stand age. Several measures of diversity were employed, including taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity.</div> <div> </div> <div>Forest productivity consistently increased with taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic biodiversity; these biodiversity facets were the main drivers of forest productivity compared to stand age, chronic human disturbance, and climate. However, the magnitude at which productivity increases with the increments of taxonomic and functional diversity diminishes with the increasing chronic disturbance, especially in younger stands. The effects of phylogenetic diversity on productivity did not vary with chronic disturbance, regardless of stand age.</div> <div> </div> <div> <strong>Synthesis and applications:</strong> Chronic human disturbance in a large temperate forest region reduces the increase in community productivity due to different facets of biodiversity, especially in young forests. The evidence suggests that the mitigation of chronic human disturbance and the conservation of biodiversity will be effective in sustaining essential ecosystem functions.</div>
Anthropogenic disturbance driving population decline of a dominant tree in East Asia evergreen broadleaved forests over the last 11,000 years
<p><span>Current biodiversity loss was generally considered to be caused by </span><span>anthropogenic disturbance</span><span>, but when anthropogenic activities began to impact biodiversity loss is still </span><span>controversial</span><span>. One hypothesis suggested it was from the industrial era, while others proposed that the anthropogenic disturbance had already resulted in biodiversity decline since the Early Holocene. To test these hypotheses, we focus on subtropical East Asia, which has witnessed a land use and anthropogenic history since the Early Holocene. We selected the unique vegetation of evergreen broadleaved forests (EBLFs), using a genomic approach to infer the demographic history of a dominant plant (<em>Litsea</em> <em>elongata</em>) of EBLFs, and to further detangle the impact of climate change and/or anthropogenic disturbance on effective population size fluctuation. Nine well-defined geographical clades were identified within extant populations of <em>L</em>. <em>elongata</em>. The estimated historical population sizes of these clades all contracted, indicating persistent population decline over the last 11,000 years. Significant correlation was detected between demographic history and three anthropogenic disturbance factors, rather than the climate change in the Holocene. Therefore, we provided the <span>dataset used for<span> phylo</span></span>g<span>enomic analysis</span>,<span> </span><span> demographic history inference</span><span>, and correlation analysis in this study.</span></span></p>
Telomeres and anthropogenic disturbances in wildlife: a systematic review and meta-analysis
<p>Human-driven environmental changes are affecting wildlife across the globe. These challenges do not influence species or populations to the same extent and therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of organismal health is needed to determine their ultimate impact. Evidence suggests that telomeres (the terminal chromosomal regions) are sensitive to environmental conditions and have been posited as a surrogate for animal health and fitness. Evaluation of their use in an applied ecological context is still scarce. Here, using information from molecular and occupational biomedical studies, we aim to deliver ecologists and evolutionary biologists an accessible synthesis of the links between human disturbances and telomere length. In addition, we perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies measuring telomere length in wild/wild-derived animals facing anthropogenic disturbances. Despite the relatively small number of studies to date, our meta-analysis revealed a significant small negative association between disturbances and telomere length (-0.092 [-0.153, -0.030]; n= 28; k=159). Yet, our systematic review suggests that the use of telomeres as a biomarker to understand the anthropogenic impact on wildlife is limited. We propose some research avenues that will help to broadly evaluate their suitability: <i>i)</i> further causal studies on the link between human disturbances and telomeres; <i>ii)</i> investigating the organismal implications, in terms of fitness and performance, of a given telomere length in anthropogenically-disturbed scenarios; <i>iii)</i> better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of telomere dynamics. Future studies in these facets will help to ultimately determine their role as markers of health and fitness in wildlife facing anthropogenic disturbances.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.