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25 results for “anthropogenic factors”
Fig. 1 in Present Factors And Crucial Trends Of Anthropogenic Transformation Of Herpetofauna In Belarus
Fig. 1. Generalized scheme of impact anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems on the assemblies of amphibians and reptiles in Belarus.
Fig. 2 in Present Factors And Crucial Trends Of Anthropogenic Transformation Of Herpetofauna In Belarus
Fig. 2. Changes in the species structure of amphibian and reptile's assemblies as result of impact different anthropogenic factors.
Reviewed Articles from the study "Running away to sea: a theoretical model of anthropogenic factors contribution for microplastics transportation from rivers to the ocean".
<p>Table containing the papers reviewed from the study "Running away to sea: a theoretical model of anthropogenic factors contribution for microplastics transportation from rivers to the ocean". </p>
Data from: Climate matching and anthropogenic factors contribute to the colonisation and extinction of local populations during avian invasions
<p>Concern about the impacts of biological invasions has generated a great deal of interest in understanding factors that determine invasion success. Most of our current knowledge comes from static approaches that use spatial patterns as a proxy of temporal processes. These approaches assume that species are present in areas where environmental conditions are the most favourable. However, this assumption is problematic when applied to dynamic processes such as species expansions when equilibrium has not been reached. In our work, we analyse the roles played by human activities, climatic matching, and spatial connectivity on the two main underlying processes shaping the spread of invasive species (i.e., colonisation and extinction) using a dynamic modelling approach. For this, we used a large dataset that has recorded the occurrence of two invasive bird species -the ring-necked and the monk parakeets- in the Iberian Peninsula from 1991 to 2016. </p>
Data from: Environmental and anthropogenic factors mediating the functional connectivity of the mesquite lizard along the eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
<p>Functional connectivity, the extent to which a landscape facilitates or impedes the dispersal of individuals across the landscape, is a key factor for the survival of species. Anthropogenic activities such as urbanization, agriculture, and roads, negatively impact functional connectivity of most species, particularly low-vagility species like lizards. Here, we examine how a landscape modified by anthropogenic activities affects the functional connectivity, at both broad and fine scales, of a widely distributed generalist lizard <em>Sceloporus grammicus</em> in the eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico. We estimated for the first time the species genetic structure, gene flow, and functional connectivity in agricultural and forest zones using genomic data, a comprehensive landscape characterization, and novel methods including gravity models. Our results showed marked genetic differentiation across the study region but also that functional connectivity is maintained for tens of kilometers despite <em>S. grammicus</em> low vagility. Specifically, we found that substrate and air temperature facilitated connectivity over broad and fine scales, respectively, while agricultural cover, relative humidity, and slope were important for connectivity and gene flow. Contrastingly, forest cover and roads favored (broad-scale) and limited (fine-scale) connectivity, likely associated with movement facilitated by small forest patches and with thermoregulation. Altogether, these results support that <em>S. grammicus</em> alternates its thermoregulatory behavior depending on the distance traveled and the habitat environmental conditions, and that it can disperse through relatively modified landscapes, mainly using agricultural zones. The information obtained is crucial to understanding the response of lizards to current anthropogenic pressures and their potential to adapt.</p>
Biotic and anthropogenic forces rival climatic/abiotic factors in determining global plant population growth and fitness
<p>Multiple, simultaneous environmental changes, in climatic/abiotic factors, in interacting species, and in direct human influences, are impacting natural populations and thus biodiversity, ecosystem services, and evolutionary trajectories. Determining whether the magnitudes of the population impacts of abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic drivers differ, accounting for their direct effects and effects mediated through other drivers, would allow us to better predict population fates and design mitigation strategies. We compiled 644 paired values of the population growth rate (lambda) from high and low levels of an identified driver from demographic studies of terrestrial plants. Among abiotic drivers, natural disturbance (not climate), and among biotic drivers, interactions with neighboring plants had the strongest effects on lambda. However, when drivers were combined into the three main types, their average effects on lambda did not differ. For the subset of studies that measured both the average and variability of the driver, lambda was more sensitive to one standard deviation of change in abiotic drivers relative to biotic drivers, but sensitivity to biotic drivers was still substantial. Similar impact magnitudes for abiotic/biotic/anthropogenic drivers holds for plants of different growth forms, for different latitudinal zones, and for biomes characterized by harsher or milder abiotic conditions, suggesting that all three drivers have equivalent impacts across a variety of contexts. Thus the best available information about the integrated effects of drivers on all demographic rates provides no justification for ignoring drivers of any of these three types when projecting ecological and evolutionary responses of populations and of biodiversity to environmental changes.</p>
Biotic and anthropogenic forces rival climatic/abiotic factors in determining global plant population growth and fitness
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Data from: Environmental and anthropogenic factors mediating the functional connectivity of the mesquite lizard along the eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
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Data from: Anthropogenic and environmental factors determine occupancy and rarity of large carnivores in the Omo valley, Southwest Ethiopia
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Data from: Climate matching and anthropogenic factors contribute to the colonisation and extinction of local populations during avian invasions
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Data from: Drivers of native and non-native freshwater fish richness across North America: Disentangling the roles of environmental, historical and anthropogenic factors
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Data from: An integrated population model for estimating the relative effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on a threatened population of steelhead trout
<p>This collection includes data on the abundance, age composition, and harvest of adult steelhead trout, as well as the numbers of juveniles released from a hatchery, for steelhead trout (<em>Oncorhyncus mykiss</em>) from the Skagit River in Washington, USA. It also includes estimates of the marine survival of hatchery-origin steelhead.</p>
Whistle variation in Mediterranean common bottlenose dolphin: the role of geographical, anthropogenic, social and behavioural factors
<p>The studies on the variation of acoustic communication in different species have provided insight that genetics, geographic isolation and adaptation to ecological and social conditions play important roles in the variability of acoustic signals. The dolphin whistles are communication signals that can vary significantly among and within populations. Although it is known that they are influenced by different environmental and social variables, the factors influencing the variation between populations have received scant attention. In the present study, we investigated the factors associated to the acoustic variability in the whistles of common bottlenose dolphin (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>), inhabiting two Mediterranean areas (Sardinia and Croatia). We explored which factors, among 1) geographical isolation of populations, 2) different environments in terms of noise and boat presence and 3) social factors (including group size, behaviour and presence of calves), were associated to whistle characteristics. We first applied a principal component analysis to reduce the number of collinear whistle frequency and temporal characteristics, and then generalised linear mixed models on the first two principal components. The study revealed that both geographic distance/isolation and local environment are associated to whistle variations between localities. The prominent differences in the acoustic environments between the two areas, which contributed to the acoustic variability in the first principal component (PC1), were found. The calf's presence and foraging and social behaviour were also found to be associated with dolphin whistle variation. The second principal component (PC2) was associated only to locality and group size, showing that longer and more complex tonal sound may facilitate individual recognition and cohesion in social groups. Thus, both social and behavioural context influenced significantly the structure of whistles, and they should be considered when investigating acoustic variability among distant dolphin populations to avoid confounding factors.</p>
Data from: Landscape-scale variation in an anthropogenic factor shapes immune gene variation within a wild population
Understanding the spatial scale at which selection acts upon adaptive genetic variation in natural populations is fundamental to our understanding of evolutionary ecology, and has important ramifications for conservation. The environmental factors to which individuals of a population are exposed can vary at fine spatial scales, potentially generating localized patterns of adaptation. Here, we compared patterns of neutral and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) variation within an island population of Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii) to assess whether landscape-level differences in pathogen-mediated selection generate fine-scale spatial structuring in these immune genes. Specifically, we tested for spatial associations between the distribution of avian malaria, and the factors previously shown to influence that distribution, and MHC variation within resident individuals. Although we found no overall genetic structure across the population for either neutral or MHC loci, we did find localized associations between environmental factors and MHC variation. One MHC class I allele (ANBE48) was directly associated with malaria infection risk, while the presence of the ANBE48 and ANBE38 alleles within individuals correlated (positively and negatively, respectively) with distance to the nearest poultry farm, an anthropogenic factor previously shown to be an important determinant of disease distribution in the study population. Our findings highlight the importance of considering small spatial scales when studying the patterns and processes involved in evolution at adaptive loci.
Data from: Modeling spatial expansion of invasive alien species: relative contributions of environmental and anthropogenic factors to the spreading of the harlequin ladybird in France
Species distribution models (SDM) have often been used to predict the potential ranges of introduced species and prioritize management strategies. However, this approach assumes equilibrium between occurrences and environmental gradients, an assumption which is violated during the invasion process, where many suitable sites are empty because the species has not yet reached them. Here we considered the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis as a case study to show the benefits of using a dynamic colonization–extinction model that does not assume equilibrium. We used a multi-year occupancy model incorporating environmental, anthropogenic and neighborhood effects, to identify factors that explained spreading variation of this species in France from 2004, when only a few occupied sites were detected, to 2011. We found that anthropogenic factors (urbanization, agriculture, vineyards, and presence/absence of highways) explained more variation in the diffusion process than environmental factors (winter and summer temperatures, wind-speed, and rainfall). The surface of urbanization was the major anthropogenic factor increasing the probability of colonization. The average summer temperature was the main environmental factor affecting colonization, with a negative effect when high or low. The neighborhood effect revealed that colonization was mostly influenced by contributions coming from a radius of 24 km around the focal cell. The contribution of neighborhood decreases over time, suggesting that H. axyridis is reaching its equilibrium in France. This is confirmed by the small discrepancy observed between the performance of our approach and a SDM approach when predicting a single year occupancy pattern at the end of the study period. Our approach has the advantage of explicitly modelling the state of the biological system during the spatial expansion and identifying colonization constraints. This allows managers to explore the effect of different actions on the system at key moments of the invasion process, hence providing a powerful approach to prioritize management strategies.
Data from: Impact of prey occupancy and other ecological and anthropogenic factors on tiger distribution in Thailand's Western Forest Complex
1. Despite conservation efforts, large mammals such as tigers and their main prey, gaur, banteng, and sambar, are highly threatened and declining across their entire range. The only large viable source population of tigers in mainland Southeast Asia occurs in Thailand's Western Forest Complex (WEFCOM), an approximately 19,000 km2 landscape of 17 contiguous protected areas. 2. We used an occupancy modeling framework, which accounts for imperfect detection, to identify the factors that affect tiger distribution at the approximate scale of a female tiger's home range, 64 km2, and site use at a scale of 1 km2 in WEFCOM. At the larger scale, we estimated the proportion of sites occupied by tigers; at the finer scale, we identified the key variables that influence site-use and developed a predictive distribution map. At both scales, we examined key ecological and anthropogenic factors that help explain distribution and preferred habitat use. 3. WEFCOM is virtually only "half full" of tigers, it occupied 37% or 5,858 km2 of the landscape which was largely influenced by the combined presence of all three large prey species; in contrast, site use was most strongly influenced by presence of sambar. 4. By modeling occupancy while accounting for imperfect probability of detection, we established reliable benchmark data on the distribution of tigers. This study also identified factors that limit tiger distributions; which managers can then target to expand tiger distribution in WEFCOM and guide recovery elsewhere in Southeast Asia.
Ecological and anthropogenic factors influencing the habitat use of Bos gaurus and its conservation threats in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
<p>This is the dataset of gaur from chitwan national park on habitat use</p>
Whistle variation in Mediterranean common bottlenose dolphin: the role of geographical, anthropogenic, social and behavioural factors
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Data from: Population structure over a broad spatial scale driven by non-anthropogenic factors in a wide-ranging migratory mammal, Alaskan caribou
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Data from: Landscape-scale variation in an anthropogenic factor shapes immune gene variation within a wild population
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.