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9 results for “aquatic arthropods”
Cothran, R. D., F. Radarian, and R. A. Relyea. 2011. Altering aquatic food webs with a global insecticide: Arthropod-amphibian links in mesocosms that simulate wetland communities. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 30:893-912.
Pesticides play a critical role in maximizing yields of economically important crops and minimizing the human health threats of disease-carrying pests, but they often have collateral effects on nontarget species. We used a mesocosm study to address how the most commonly used insecticide in the USA, malathion, applied at low, ecologically relevant concentrations (20 and 110 mg/L) affects species interactions in aquatic communities. Unlike many community ecotoxicology studies, our study assessed how malathion affects both consumptive and nonconsumptive effects of predators. We also considered how the vertical distribution of predator cues and malathion (caused by potential stratification) affects species interactions. We found no evidence for vertical stratification of malathion, a result suggesting that exposure to the pesticide was uniform throughout the water column. Malathion was lethal to some primary consumers (cladocerans) at both concentrations and to top predators (dragonflies) at the highest concentration (110 mg/L). These lethal effects initiated density-mediated indirect effects in both cases. Malathion also may have decreased dragonfly foraging efficiency, resulting in increased tadpole survival (trait-mediated indirect effect), which decreased the resources used by tadpoles (periphyton). Collectively, our results show that malathion alters species interactions. However, we suggest that the degree to which pesticides affect aquatic communities will depend strongly on the species composition of communities. Therefore, the community-level consequences of pesticide exposure are likely to vary across the ecological landscape.
Figure 3. Limnocoris submontandoni testis with clomazone 162 in Ecotoxicological effects of commercial herbicides on the reproductive system of aquatic arthropod Limnocoris submontandoni (Hemiptera: Naucoridae)
Figure 3. Limnocoris submontandoni testis with clomazone 162 mg / L, (A) Apparent enlargement of the testicular interstice and degeneration of some spermatoids (SPTI), with normal concentrations of spermatozoa (SPTZ) in the outer regions, (B) spermatocytes (SPTO) with normal appearance and sperm (SPTZ) with slight alteration of spermatids (SPTI), C) profusion of sperm (SPTZ) with a high degree of compaction, indicating high rates of spermatogenesis and integrity of tubular cells (arrowhead). Dye: Toluidine Blue.
Figure 1 in Ecotoxicological effects of commercial herbicides on the reproductive system of aquatic arthropod Limnocoris submontandoni (Hemiptera: Naucoridae)
Figure 1. Photomicrographs of the control group of Limnocoris submontandoni, (A) helical distribution of the seminiferous tubule with germ cells, spermatogonia (SPGO), spermatocytes (SPTO), spermatids (SPTI), sperms (SPTZ), (B) spermatocytes (SPTO) and spermatids (SPTI) in different degrees of maturation, (C) spermatocytes (SPTO) with slightly colored areas (*) displaced to one of the cell poles, spermatids (SPTI) with different degrees of maturation, acrosome vesicle (arrows), elongation of slightly colored structures (**), elongated cells forming the tubular wall (arrowhead), core (n), (D) Spermatids (SPTI) in different degrees of maturation, spermatozoa (SPTZ) forming compact bundles and very elongated nucleus, nucleus (n) and acrosome vesicles (arrows) of some spermatoids and (E) Compact sperm bundles (SPTZ), sperm nuclei (n), tubular wall cells (arrowhead) and tracheole (tr). Dye: Toluidine Blue.
Fig. 1 in First Descriptions Of Aquatic Arthropods In An Unpolluted Native Forest Relict (Rucamanque, 38° S, Araucania Region, Chile)
Fig. 1. Map of studied site (adapted from Fierro et al., 2011).
Data from: Which arthropods have feet and why? Addressing an argument for aquatic fossil scorpions
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Data from: From success to persistence: Identifying an evolutionary regime shift in the diverse Paleozoic aquatic arthropod group Eurypterida, driven by the Devonian biotic crisis
Mass extinctions have altered the trajectory of evolution a number of times over the Phanerozoic. During these periods of biotic upheaval a different selective regime appears to operate, although it is still unclear whether consistent survivorship rules apply across different extinction events. We compare variations in diversity and disparity across the evolutionary history of a major Paleozoic arthropod group, the Eurypterida. Using these data, we explore the group's transition from a successful, dynamic clade to a stagnant persistent lineage, pinpointing the Devonian as the period during which this evolutionary regime shift occurred. The late Devonian biotic crisis is potentially unique among the 'Big Five' mass extinctions in exhibiting a drop in speciation rates rather than an increase in extinction. Our study reveals eurypterids show depressed speciation rates throughout the Devonian but no abnormal peaks in extinction. Loss of morphospace occupation is random across all Paleozoic extinction events; however, differential origination during the Devonian results in a migration and subsequent stagnation of occupied morphospace. This shift appears linked to an ecological transition from euryhaline taxa to freshwater species with low morphological diversity alongside a decrease in endemism. These results demonstrate the importance of the Devonian biotic crisis in reshaping Paleozoic ecosystems.
Fig. 1 in A general definition of the term "plastron" in terrestrial and aquatic arthropods
Fig. 1 Different aspects of the epicuticular structure of selected collembolan species. (a–c1) Entomobrya muscorum (Nicolet, 1842) (Arthropleona: Entomobryidae): Habitus dorsal (a), lateral (b) and the typical hexagonal microtubercle structure of the furca (c1). (c2) Arthropleona (©Borensztajn 2001): Higher resolution (bar 1 μm) of the hexagonal microtubercle structure (note the occasional pentagonal and septagonal aberrations). d–f Tetrodontophora bielanensis (Waga, 1842) (Arthropleona: Onychiuridae): Habitus dorsal (d), lateral (e) and formation of thoracal macrotubercles that are generated from fused tetragonal microtubercle structures (f). g–i Allacma fusca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Symphypleona: Sminthuridae): Habitus dorsal (g), lateral (h) and fusion of the abdominal hexagonal microtubercles to protuberances (i)
Data from: From success to persistence: Identifying an evolutionary regime shift in the diverse Paleozoic aquatic arthropod group Eurypterida, driven by the Devonian biotic crisis
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Figure 2. Limnocoris submontandoni testis with atrazine 125 in Ecotoxicological effects of commercial herbicides on the reproductive system of aquatic arthropod Limnocoris submontandoni (Hemiptera: Naucoridae)
Figure 2. Limnocoris submontandoni testis with atrazine 125 mg/L, (A) Hyalinization of cytoplasm, nuclear vacuoles (arrows) in spermatocyte (SPTO) and spermatid degeneration (SPTI), (B) spermatid degeneration (SPTI) altered morphology and large number of cellular remains (*) observed in the outer layers next to the sperms. Dye: Toluidine Blue.
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