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21 results for “arid landscape”
Data for Table S10 of the article "Source-to-sink aeolian fluxes from arid landscape dynamics in the Lut Desert"
<p>Exhaustive list of the 227 individual denudation rates in arid areas compiled to estimate median denudation rate and sediment discharge for the internal river system of the Lut watershed.</p>
Morpho-sedimentary outlines displayed in Figures 1, S1, and S6-S15 of the article "Source-to-sink aeolian fluxes from arid landscape dynamics in the Lut Desert"
<p>Morpho-sedimentary outlines of the aeolian landforms in the Lut Desert.</p>
Factors influencing space-use and kill distribution of sympatric lion prides in a semi-arid savanna landscape
<p>In this study, Global Positioning System collar data and logistic regression were used to investigate space-use and kill distribution among three lion prides at Malilangwe Wildlife Reserve, Zimbabwe. The R statistical platform was used to perform logistic regression analysis to determine the effects of the environmental variables on the outcome of each pride's ranging behaviour. <i>Presence/Kill probability </i>(presence or absence) was used as a response variable while<i> distance to water, shrub canopy volume</i>, <i>soil depth</i> and <i>clay content</i> were treated as fixed effects.</p>
The high cost of movement in an arid working landscape for an endangered amphibian
<p>Connectivity is essential for the maintenance of genetic diversity and stability of wildlife populations. Drought and changing precipitation regimes have caused natural aquatic amphibian breeding habitats to disappear or become isolated and have led to the replacement of natural surface water with artificial livestock water tanks. Terrestrial movement is the only means of responding to aquatic threats in arid landscapes and to allow population connectivity. Aridity may present an impenetrable barrier in hydrologically fragmented environments. We used a facultatively paedomorphic and federally endangered salamander to assess the challenges of movement across arid working lands. Sonoran tiger salamanders (<em>Ambystoma mavortium stebbinsi</em>) are endemic to the San Rafael Valley of southeastern Arizona, United States of America, where they depend on livestock water tanks as breeding habitat. The ecology of this species' metamorphs outside of stock tanks is virtually unknown. To assess survival on the landscape during terrestrial movement we used radio transmitters to track 78 adult metamorphosed salamanders over two years. Sonoran tiger salamanders moved up to 1 km from the tank edge, and average distances moved of over 400 m were higher than most <em>Ambystoma </em>species. However, during the study period, none reached neighboring stock tanks. We found high mortality due to predation and desiccation. Individuals that dispersed to terrestrial habitat in summer survived longer than individuals that dispersed in spring. High mortality suggests terrestrial movement is exceptionally risky and may contribute to isolated subpopulations and elevated levels of inbreeding. Conservation actions that improve and maintain artificial aquatic habitats as well as increase connectivity may improve long-term management for pond-breeding amphibians in arid regions.</p>
Measuring plant biomass remotely using drones in arid landscapes
<p>Measurement of variation in plant biomass is essential for answering many ecological and evolutionary questions. Quantitative estimates require plant destruction for laboratory analyses, while field studies use allometric approaches based on simple measurement of plant dimensions. We estimated the biomass of individual shrub-sized plants, using a low cost Unmanned Aerial System (drone), enabling rapid data collection and non-destructive sampling. We compared volume measurement (a surrogate for biomass) and sampling time, from the simple dimension measurements and drone, to accurate laboratory-derived biomass weights. We focused on three Australian plant species which are ecologically important to their floodplain and terrestrial ecosystems: porcupine grass <em>Triodia scariosa, </em>Queensland bluebush<em> Chenopodium auricomum</em> and lignum <em>Duma florulenta</em>.</p> <p>Estimated volume from the drone was more accurate than simple dimension measurements for porcupine grass and Queensland bluebush, compared to estimates from laboratory analyses but, not for lignum. The latter had a sparse canopy, with thin branches, few vestigial leaves and a similar colour to the ground. Data collection and analysis consistently required more time for the drone method than the simple dimension measurements, but this would improve with automation. </p>
Troubled waters: Water availability drives human-baboon encounters in a protected, semi-arid landscape
<p>Most animal habitats are affected by humans. While some species tolerate and even benefit from these changes, others suffer. Understanding when and how human-altered landscapes affect animal behavior, health, reproduction, and survival is essential to species management in a human-dominated world. Here we use 27 years of data on human-baboon encounters in a protected, semi-arid ecosystem in Kenya to: (i) identify spatial, environmental, and group-level predictors of baboon encounters with pastoralists; (ii) test whether human-built water sources alter baboon ranging patterns; and (iii) test if human encounters are linked to baboon survival, reproduction, and health. We find that the primary driver of human-baboon encounters is water availability. During dry periods, pastoralists migrate into baboon rangelands, leading to frequent human-baboon encounters, especially near water wells. Further, the baboons shift their ranges to encompass newly built wells and move away from abandoned, dried-up wells. Since 2006, a third of adult baboon deaths were linked to violent encounters with humans or their dogs. Human encounters were also linked to high infant mortality and parasite diversity in females (but this effect could not be disentangled from seasonal confounds). For wild baboons, life in protected, pastoralist conservancies presents a double-edged sword: human-built wells enable the baboons to access water during dry periods, but these wells lead to encounters with humans, which have become a common source of baboon mortality. Together, our results serve as a comprehensive case study of anthropogenic effects on wild primates, highlighting the complex interactions between humans and wildlife in protected areas.</p>
Data from: Understanding carnivore interactions in a cold arid trans-Himalayan landscape: What drives co-existence patterns within predator guild along varying resource gradients?
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Data from: Aridity and forest age mediate landscape scale patterns of tropical forest resistance to cyclonic storms
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Data from: Specific island biogeographic and landscape features shape plant diversity and habitat specialism on edaphic quartz islands in an arid ocean
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Troubled waters: Water availability drives human-baboon encounters in a protected, semi-arid landscape
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The high cost of movement in an arid working landscape for an endangered amphibian
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Measuring plant biomass remotely using drones in arid landscapes
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Data from: Threats to aquatic taxa in an arid landscape: knowledge gaps and areas of understanding for amphibians of the American Southwest
<p>This dataset contains supporting information for <em>WIREs Water</em> Advanced Review: "Threats to aquatic taxa in an arid landscape: knowledge gaps and areas of understanding for amphibians of the American Southwest", by Mims et al., published in 2020 (doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1449). Please see the original article for additional information, and contact Dr. Meryl Mims (mims@vt.edu) with questions or specific requests.</p>
Data from: Ecological opportunity and the evolution of habitat preferences in an arid-zone bird: implications for speciation in a climate-modified landscape
Bioclimatic models are widely used to investigate the impacts of climate change on species distributions. Range shifts are expected to occur as species track their current climate niche yet the potential for exploitation of new ecological opportunities that may arise as ecosystems and communities remodel is rarely considered. Here we show that grasswrens of the Amytornis textilis-modestus complex responded to new ecological opportunities in Australia's arid biome through shifts in habitat preference following the development of chenopod shrublands during the late Plio-Pleistocene. We find evidence of spatially explicit responses to climatically driven landscape changes including changes in niche width and patterns of population growth. Conservation of structural and functional aspects of the ancestral niche appear to have facilitated recent habitat shifts, while demographic responses to late Pleistocene climate change provide evidence for the greater resilience of populations inhabiting the recently evolved chenopod shrubland communities. Similar responses could occur under future climate change in species exposed to novel ecological conditions, or those already occupying spatially heterogeneous landscapes. Mechanistic models that consider structural and functional aspects of the niche along with regional hydro-dynamics may be better predictors of future climate responses in Australia's arid biome than bioclimatic models alone.
Ungulate herbivores as drivers of Aspen recruitment and understory composition throughout arid Montane landscapes
Herbivory by wild and domestic ungulates can influence tree recruitment and understory forest communities throughout the world. Herbivore-driven declines in tree recruitment have been observed for quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), a foundation species whose health and management is recognized as a critical priority throughout much of its range. Livestock fencing is commonly used to promote aspen regeneration, but its effectiveness is rarely assessed, especially across large spatial scales. Using a livestock-reduction experiment, we evaluated the effects of ungulate herbivory on aspen in the Great Basin and southern Cascades, an expansive and environmentally heterogeneous region where aspen faces the interacting threats of climate change, conifer encroachment, and herbivory. We found that livestock fencing only reduced the intensity of herbivore browsing on aspen when wild ungulate abundance was low, and did not increase stem densities of aspen recruits. Contrary to expectations, wild ungulate abundance was a strong driver of browsing intensity on juvenile aspen within fenced, but not unfenced aspen stands, and when the abundance of these herbivores was high, browsing intensity in fenced stands exceeded that in unfenced stands. The density of aspen recruits decreased with browsing intensity on juvenile aspen and with the density of both adult aspen and conifers, suggesting that both herbivory and intra- and interspecific competition are important drivers of recruitment. Fire history was also an important driver of recruitment, with stands that burned 10-20 years ago having the greatest density of aspen recruits. Finally, in the stand understory, we found that livestock fencing decreased forb cover, increased shrub species richness, and increased the cover of exotic annual grasses, a group dominated by Bromus tectorum. This latter finding suggests that livestock fencing may not be appropriate in areas where controlling the spread of this invader is a priority. In sum, our findings indicate that aspen recruitment is limited by browsing by both wild and domestic ungulates, is mediated by competition with neighboring trees and fire history, and will require management actions beyond livestock fencing, as this approach does not control browsing by wild ungulates.
Data from: Ecological opportunity and the evolution of habitat preferences in an arid-zone bird: implications for speciation in a climate-modified landscape
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Data from: Limited influence of landscape on the genetic structure of three small mammals in a heterogeneous arid environment
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Data from: Threats to aquatic taxa in an arid landscape: knowledge gaps and areas of understanding for amphibians of the American Southwest
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Ungulate herbivores as drivers of Aspen recruitment and understory composition throughout arid Montane landscapes
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Wealth, water and wildlife: landscape aridity intensifies the urban Luxury Effect - data used in meta-analysis
<p>The available Excel file contains all data used in the meta-analysis to analyse the Luxury Effect (i.e. the relationship between urban biodiversity and socioeconomic status) and its moderators (wealth status, species provenance and precipitation). Each column in the data set (tab ‘Data’) is defined as follows:</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Location (e.g. city) where a given study took place. If more than one geographical location was considered, they are detailed in the column 'Sample'</p> <p><strong>Sample: </strong>Any separate samples based either on location or temporal sampling period (e.g. geographical location, habitat types, different years) considered in a given paper. If the column is blank, only one location or period was considered.</p> <p><strong>Biodiversity measure: </strong>Defined into either diversity or abundance measures as defined in the text.</p> <p><strong>Response variable: </strong>The precise response variable analysed in the paper.</p> <p><strong>Socioeconomic variable: </strong>The socioeconomic variable analysed in the paper.</p> <p><strong>Provenance: </strong>Native or exotic species, where specified. 'All' refers both to papers where it was explicitly stated that both native and exotic species were considered, and those where no information was given, but we assumed that native and exotic species had been considered.</p> <p><strong>Development status: </strong>Countries with developed economies ('Rich') and countries with developing economies 'Poor') as defined in the text.</p> <p><strong>Gradient length: </strong>Studies including only urbanized areas ('Short') and those also including rural sampling locations ('Long').</p> <p><strong>Precipitation: </strong>in mm.</p> <p><strong>Pearson's r: </strong>Standardized values used in the meta-analysis.</p> <p> </p> <p>Note the above information is also available in the Excel file in the ‘Notes’ tab. </p> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.