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14 results for “arid systems”
Accompanying data for the open-source book Modeling of Hydrological Systems in Semi-Arid Central Asia
<p>This data set is used to reproduce examples in the open-source book <a href="https://hydrosolutions.github.io/caham_book/">"Modeling of Hydrological Systems in Semi-Arid Central Asia"</a> which is part of a free course on hydrological modeling in Central Asia. The course teaches how to use publicly available data to implement a hydrological model for climate impact studies (Marti et al., 2023). </p> <p>To use the data set to reproduce the examples in the book: Download the book from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6350042 and this data set to the same hierarchical level in your file system: </p> <p>|- caham_book<br> |- caham_data<br> |- AmuDarya<br> |- central_asia_domain<br> |- student_case_study_basins<br> |- SyrDarya</p> <p>You will need a working installation of R (https://www.r-project.org/) and a GUI (e.g. Posit, formerly RStudio https://posit.co/) to reproduce the scripted examples in the book. Once your software is set up, you can proceed to run the examples. </p> <p> </p>
Data for: "High-resolution Soil Moisture Evolution in Hyper-arid Regions: A Comparison of InSAR, SAR, Microwave, Optical, and Data Assimilation Systems in the southern Arabian Peninsula"
<p>Data accompanying the publication: High-resolution Soil Moisture Evolution in Hyper-arid Regions: A Comparison of InSAR, SAR, Microwave, Optical, and Data Assimilation Systems in the southern Arabian Peninsula. For filenames starting with T: Exponential fit parameters time0 and mag0 for InSAR coherence data. they are binary files, where fit = a*exp(-b*x); a = -log(mag0); b = 1/time0. timeerr contains the uncertainty of the time0 parameter, and maghigh/maglow contain the high and low uncertainty for the mag0 parameter, respectively. For for each frame or overlap region (T101, T28, T130, T28_T101, T130_T28), there is a vrt file (T..._20180524.time0.vrt), which is the metadata file applicable to all files of the same frame. Files starting with mags_times: Exponential fit parameters for ASCAT/SMAP/GLDAS data. the same parameters (time0, timeerr, mag0, maghigh, maglow) can be found in these matlab structure files. In addition, the .mat files contain the offset parameter and related uncertainty, as well as lat/lon information. </p>
Mapping built infrastructure in semi-arid systems using data integration and open-source approaches for image classification
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Data from: Prediction and attenuation of seasonal spillover of parasites between wild and domestic ungulates in an arid mixed-use system
1.Transmission of parasites between host species affects host population dynamics, interspecific competition, and ecosystem structure and function. In areas where wild and domestic herbivores share grazing land, management of parasites in livestock may affect or be affected by sympatric wildlife due to cross-species transmission. 2.We develop a novel method for simulating transmission potential based on both biotic and abiotic factors in a semi-arid system in Botswana. Optimal timing of antiparasitic treatment in livestock is then compared under a variety of alternative host scenarios, including seasonally migrating wild hosts. 3.In this region, rainfall is the primary driver of seasonality of transmission, but wildlife migration leads to spatial differences in the effectiveness of treatment in domestic animals. Additionally, competent migratory wildlife hosts move parasites across the landscape. 4.Simulated transmission potential matches observed patterns of clinical disease in the study area. Increased wildlife contact is correlated with a decrease in disease, suggesting that noncompetent wild hosts may attenuate transmission by removing infective parasite larvae from livestock pasture. 5.Optimising the timing of treatment according to within-year rainfall patterns was considerably more effective than treating at a standard time of year. By targeting treatment in this way, efficient control can be achieved, mitigating parasite spillover from wildlife where it does occur. 6.Synthesis and applications: This model of parasite transmission potential enables evidence-based management of parasite spillover between wild and domestic species in a spatio-temporally dynamic system. It can be applied in other mixed-use systems to mitigate parasite transmission under altered climate scenarios or changes in host ranges.
Data from: Invasive Bromus tectorum alters natural selection in arid systems
While much research has documented the impact of invaders on native communities and ecosystem services, there has been less work quantifying how invasion affects the genetic composition of native populations. That is, when invaders dominate a community, can they shift selection regimes and impact the evolutionary trajectory of native populations? The invasion of the annual grass Bromus tectorum in the Intermountain West provides an opportunity to quantify the effects of invasion on natural selection in wild populations. The shift from a perennial-dominated native community to one dominated by a highly competitive annual species alters the timing and intensity of competitive pressure, which has the potential to strongly shift selection regimes for native plants. To quantify traits under selection in contrasting environments, we planted seeds of two native perennial grasses, Elymus multisetus and Poa secunda, into three invaded, invaded but weeded and relatively uninvaded sagebrush systems. We quantified phenotypic traits of seedlings from separate maternal plants, describing differences in phenotypes among individuals. We then asked which traits were associated with survival and plant size in adjacent invaded and uninvaded sagebrush systems, following individual seed performance for 3 years. We found evidence for divergent selection between invaded and uninvaded sagebrush systems, with contrasting phenotypic traits associated with greater survival or plant size in these different growing conditions at all three field sites. For example, at one field site, P. secunda families with higher root tip production were more likely to survive in invaded and weeded environments, but this was not the case in uninvaded environments. Similarly, for E. multisetus, root mass fraction, seed mass and allocation to coarse or fine roots affected survival and plant size, again with contrasting relationships across invaded, weeded or uninvaded environments. Synthesis. Impacts of invasive species extend beyond ecosystem and community composition changes and can affect the evolutionary trajectory of native populations. By quantifying natural selection in invaded landscapes, we identified phenotypic traits that are potentially adaptive in these invaded systems. Importantly, these traits differed from traits associated with success in uninvaded communities. This insight into adaptive, contemporary evolution in native species can guide restoration and conservation efforts.
Data from: Seed and seedling traits have strong impacts on establishment of a perennial bunchgrass in invaded semi-arid systems
1. Many restoration projects use seeds to found new populations, and understanding phenotypic traits associated with seedling establishment in disturbed and invaded communities is important for restoration efforts worldwide. Focusing on the perennial grass Elymus elymoides, a native species common to sagebrush steppe communities in the Western United States, we asked if seed and seedling traits could predict field establishment. 2. We collected seeds from 34 populations from the western Great Basin. In greenhouse studies, we measured variation in seed and seedling characteristics of wild populations and one cultivar. We also quantified abiotic conditions at the collection location and asked if these characteristics predicted survival and other fitness metrics at five planting sites. Planting sites were all near-monocultures of the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum, and all sites experienced similar, below-average precipitation during the experiment. 3. Phenotypic traits were strongly correlated with performance across all sites, with remarkably high predictive power. Seeds from populations with longer roots, larger seeds, and earlier emergence were significantly more likely to survive the first growing season (R2 = 0.66, P <0.0001). In contrast, while some abiotic variables at the collection location (e.g. 30 year average summer precipitation and fall minimum temperatures) were associated with field performance at some sites, abiotic variables explained less variation in performance than traits (average R2 = 0.22). Despite the low predictive power of abiotic variables, populations that performed best at each field site were from locations with climate variables similar to planting sites. 4. Synthesis and applications. The best seed sources for restoration of E. elymoides in invaded sites were populations with longer roots, larger seeds, and earlier emergence. These easily-measured traits were strong predictors of survival in disturbed field sites. While the most successful populations were found in areas with similar abiotic conditions as planting sites, there was phenotypic variation even among populations originating from locations with similar conditions. Thus, our results indicate that abiotic conditions are important considerations when selecting seeds, but these conditions may not sufficiently predict which populations will establish. Understanding population differences in seedling functional traits can improve predictions of restoration success.
Data Associated with Manuscript Titled "Development of a graphical resilience framework to understand a coupled human-natural system in a remote arid highland of Baja California Sur"
<p>This is a dataset in support of analyses of water chemistry and social networks described and interpreted in the associated manuscript titled "Development of a graphical resilience framework to understand a coupled human-natural system in a remote arid highland of Baja California Sur"</p>
Data from: Invasive Bromus tectorum alters natural selection in arid systems
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Data from: Seed and seedling traits have strong impacts on establishment of a perennial bunchgrass in invaded semi-arid systems
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Data from: Prediction and attenuation of seasonal spillover of parasites between wild and domestic ungulates in an arid mixed-use system
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Data from: Temporal invasion regime attributes influence community synchrony and stability in an arid land system
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Aridity synthesis for 8 selected key regions of the global climate system during the last 60 000 years
<p>A compilation of published literature on dust content in terrestrial and marine sediment cores was synchronized with pollen data and speleothem growth phases on the GICC05 time axis. Aridity patterns for eight key areas of the global climate system have been reconstructed for the last 60,000 years. These records have different time resolutions and different dating methods, i.e. different types of stratigraphy. Nevertheless, all regions analyzed in this study show humid conditions during early marine isotope stage 3 (MIS3) and the early Holocene or deglaciation, but not always at the same time. Such discrepancies have been interpreted as regional effects, although stratigraphic uncertainties may affect some of the proposed interpretations. In comparison, most of the MIS2 interval becomes arid in all of the northern hemisphere records, but the peak arid conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Heinrich event 1 differ in duration and intensity among regions. In addition, we also compare the aridity synthesis with modelling results using a Global Climate Model (GCM). Indeed, geological archives and GCMs show agreement of aridity pattern for the Holocene or deglaciation, LGM and for the late MIS3.</p>
Ensuring the Sustainability of Traditional Water Systems: A Comprehensive Emic-ethic Analysis of Qanats in Arid Regions
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Evaluation of groundwater quality for human consumption and Irrigation in relation to arsenic concentration in flow systems in a semi-arid Mexican region
<p>Sumplementary material for Evaluation of groundwater quality for human consumption and Irrigation in relation to arsenic concentration in flow systems in a semi-arid Mexican region</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.