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57 results for “army ants”
Linked collectors and determiners for: New synonymy, new species, new keys to Neivamyrmex army ants of the United States..
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "New synonymy, new species, new keys to Neivamyrmex army ants of the United States.". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/9971f6c8-c508-436b-9645-bd9598a20d32">https://bionomia.net/dataset/9971f6c8-c508-436b-9645-bd9598a20d32</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/9971f6c8-c508-436b-9645-bd9598a20d32">https://gbif.org/dataset/9971f6c8-c508-436b-9645-bd9598a20d32</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
FIGURES 32–46 in Sicariomorpha, a New Myrmecophilous Goblin Spider Genus (Araneae, Oonopidae) Associated with Asian Army Ants
FIGURES 32–46. Sicariomorpha maschwitzi, comb. nov., 32, 33, 42–46, male; 34–41, female. 32–33, spinnerets. 34, leg I, lateral; 35, leg III, lateral; 36, leg IV, lateral. 37–46, tarsal organ, dorsal view. 37, 42, palp; 38, 43, leg I; 39, 44, leg II; 40, 45, leg III; 41, 46, leg IV.
FIGURES 23−31 in Sicariomorpha, a New Myrmecophilous Goblin Spider Genus (Araneae, Oonopidae) Associated with Asian Army Ants
FIGURES 23−31. Sicariomorpha maschwitzi, comb. nov., 23–27, 29–31, male. 23, Dorsal; 24, ventral; 25, lateral; 26, anterior; 27, anterior portion of carapace, ventral; 28, female carapace, anterior; 29, eyes, anterior; 30, chelicera fang, ventral; 31, chelicera fang venom duct opening.
FIGURES 17–22 in Sicariomorpha, a New Myrmecophilous Goblin Spider Genus (Araneae, Oonopidae) Associated with Asian Army Ants
FIGURES 17–22. Sicariomorpha maschwitzi, comb. nov., female. 17, Dorsal; 18, ventral; 19, carapace, dorsal; 20, lateral; 21, abdomen, anterolateral; 22, carapace, anterior.
FIGURES 9–16 in Sicariomorpha, a New Myrmecophilous Goblin Spider Genus (Araneae, Oonopidae) Associated with Asian Army Ants
FIGURES 9–16. Sicariomorpha maschwitzi, comb. nov., 9–14, male palp; 13–16, female genitalia, ventral view. 9, Retrolateral; 10, prolateral; 11, ventral; 12, frontal; 13, dorsal; 14, Palp distal (embolus and conductor), dorsal view; 15, cleared; 16, internal genital sclerite. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.
FIGURES 1–2. 1 in Sicariomorpha, a New Myrmecophilous Goblin Spider Genus (Araneae, Oonopidae) Associated with Asian Army Ants
FIGURES 1–2. 1, Sicariomorpha maschwitzi, comb. nov., participates in ant emigrations by performing a "tandem-running"-like behavior. 2, Participation of S. maschwitzi in host migrations. Leptogenys distinguenda workers heading toward the new nest were counted periodically for 90 sec, followed by a 90 sec break. Additionally, the presence of spiders was counted throughout the entire emigration.
Figure 1. Specimen PALE-8463 in An Eocene army ant
Figure 1. Specimen PALE-8463 from Eocene age Baltic amber. (a) Photomicrograph of lateral profile view of D. perseus. (Bottom) Micro-CT scan reconstruction of D. perseus, in (b) lateral and (c) frontal view. Scanning primarily resolved internal 'void space' air trapped within the insect cuticle, apparent holes in specimen reflect imperfect infilling of gas. Scale bars 0.5 mm. Specimen images are © President and Fellows of Harvard College, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.
Data from: Evidence for facilitation among avian army-ant attendants: specialization and species associations across elevations
Mixed-species assemblages can involve positive and negative interactions, but uncertainty about high-value patchy resources can increase the value of information sharing among heterospecific co-foragers. I sampled species composition of bird-flocks attending army-ant raids in three adjacent elevation zones in Costa Rica, across multiple years, to test for positive and negative associations among raid-attending bird species. My goal was to test whether the most frequent and specialized raid-attending species showed evidence of facilitating or excluding other bird species. I quantified elevational variation in avian community composition at raids, then asked whether species composition was associated with variation in flock characteristics (flock size and species richness). I identified the most frequent raid-attending species (those that attended raids most frequently relative to their mist-net capture rates), and bird species that performed specialized army ant-following behavior (bivouac-checking, which allows birds to memorize and track mobile army-ant colonies). There was significant turnover of bird species among zones (including the frequent and specialized attendants); patterns of species overlap suggested a gradual transition from a Pacific-slope to an Atlantic-slope raid-attending bird fauna. Raid-attendance frequency was positively correlated with bivouac-checking behavior. With few exceptions, the most frequent raid-attending bird species, and the bivouac-checking species, also participated in the most species-rich flocks. High species-gregariousness suggests many of the frequently attending and/or bivouac-checking species functioned as core flock members. However, some bird species pairs were significantly negatively associated at raids. Despite species turnover, per-flock numbers of birds at raids did not differ among geographic zones, but flocks on the Pacific-slope were heavier because larger bodied bird species attended raids. Previous studies showed that the size (biomass) of bird-flocks corresponds to the amount of food the birds kleptoparasitize from ant raids, and the heavier Pacific-slope bird-flocks could have greater negative kleptoparasitic impacts.
Hunting habits die hard: Conserved prey preferences in neotropical army ants across distant neotropical rainforests
<p><span>Supplemental dataset to article. </span></p> <p><span>A</span><span>rticle abstract: Army ants are widely recognized as keystone species in neotropical rainforests due to their role as important arthropod predators. Their large-scale raids involve countless workers scouring the forest floor in pursuit of prey, primarily capturing other invertebrates. However, our understanding of the precise dietary preferences and the degree of niche differentiation among sympatric species remains limited. In this study, we resolved an Ecuadorian army ant predation network consisting of 244 prey species and 13 army ant species of the genera <em>Cheliomyrmex</em>, <em>Eciton</em>, <em>Labidus</em>, <em>Neivamyrmex</em>, and <em>Nomamyrmex</em>. We collected 2,156 prey items from 180 army ant raids/emigrations, and of these, we identified 1,945 prey items to family level, 1,313 to genus level and 664 to species level based on morphological identifications and DNA barcodes. Prey consisted primarily of other ants (1,843 prey items; 153 ant species), to the largest part ant brood (N = 1,726). Hence, most army ant species chiefly plundered the nests of other ants, while the three swarm-raiding species, i.e. <em>L. praedator, L. spininodes, </em>and<em> E. burchellii</em>, exhibited a relatively high proportion of non-ant invertebrate prey in their diet. The predation network showed a high degree of specialization (</span><span>H<sub>2</sub>ˈ</span><span> = 0.65)</span><span>, characterized by little dietary niche overlap among sympatric species. We compared the Ecuadorian network with one previously studied in Costa Rica and found that, despite the large geographic distance, prey preferences remained remarkably similar. We discovered species-specific preferences for captured ant genera and species, despite some species turnover in both army ants and prey. Additionally, army ants also exhibited consistent spatio-temporal raiding preferences across study sites. In conclusion, predation preferences within army ant communities exhibited consistency in multiple niche dimensions across two distant geographic regions, suggesting a notable level of predictability within army ant predation networks.</span></p>
Data from: one ant's trash is another ant's treasure: army ant middens provide resources for diverse ant assemblages
<p>The army ant <em>Eciton burchellii </em>boasts more animal associates than any other animal species yet described, but the relationship between army ants and other ant species has only been studied in the context of predation. The waste deposits (middens) of army ant colonies are nitrogen-rich, a potentially high-value nutrient source for leaflitter arthropods. We explored this bottom-up role of army ant middens in the context of tropical ant communities. Our three main questions were 1) Which ant species forage on army-ants middens? 2) How does the bi-phasic life cycle of army ant colonies (affecting midden size, persistence, and abundance) affect which and how many ant species a midden boasts? 3) How do the ants that forage on army ant middens differ across elevations? Across 39 bivouacs we found 36 species of ants foraging on army ant middens. These included highly predatory ants, nitrogen-limited arboreal ants, and fungus-farming ants. Per-midden richness was significantly lower for the usually smaller middens deposited during the nomadic phase and was higher for the typically larger middens deposited during the statary phase. Per-midden richness was not significantly different across elevations, but there was far greater species turnover across elevations than across phases within the same elevational site. Our results suggest that army ant middens are an important resource for a wide variety of tropical ants, informing a better understanding of the complex network of associations revolving around this keystone species.</p>
Army ant males lose seasonality at a site on the equator
<p>Army ants are keystone predators in the tropics and subtropics. During reproduction, males fly between colonies to mate with unmated, wingless queens. The males of most species are attracted to lights, and thus their presence and the timing of reproduction can be monitored using light traps. Previous studies examined the seasonality of army ant male reproduction and its relationship to climate factors at individual sites, but less is known about variation among sites. We examined army ant male flight seasonality at three sites: (1) La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica, a site with weak temperature seasonality and moderate rainfall and day length seasonality, (2) Yasuní National Park, Ecuador, a site with no temperature or day length seasonality and very weak rainfall seasonlity, and (3) the state of Paraná in southern Brazil, a site with very strong temperature, rainfall, and day length seasonality. Army ants showed strong seasonality at the La Selva and Paraná sites, and very weak to no seasonality at the Yasuní site. At La Selva and Paraná, flight times varied among species, but were very predictable from year to year, which suggests day length or temperature as predictable cues rather than rainfall. Lack of seasonal cues near the equator may be a challenge for army ant species that need to synchronize colony reproduction, and thus may have conservation implications for minimum population sizes needed to ensure stable populations.</p>
Army ant males lose seasonality at a site on the equator
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Data from: Evidence for facilitation among avian army-ant attendants: specialization and species associations across elevations
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Data from: Untangling the ant claws: The army ant (Formicidae: Dorylinae) Labidus mars is a Neivamyrmex
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Data from: Convergent evolution of the army ant syndrome and congruence in big-data phylogenetics
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Data from: one ant’s trash is another ant’s treasure: army ant middens provide resources for diverse ant assemblages
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Hunting habits die hard: Conserved prey preferences in army ants across two distant neotropical rainforests
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Data from: Strict monandry in the ponerine army ant genus Simopelta suggests that colony size and complexity drive mating system evolution in social insects
Altruism in social insects has evolved between closely related full-siblings. It is therefore of considerable interest why some groups have secondarily evolved low within-colony relatedness, which in turn affects the relatedness incentives of within-colony cooperation and conflict. The highest queen mating frequencies, and therefore among the lowest degrees of colony relatedness, occur in Apis honeybees and army ants of the subfamilies Aenictinae, Ecitoninae, and Dorylinae, suggesting that common life-history features such as reproduction by colony fission and male biased numerical sex-ratios have convergently shaped these mating systems. Here we show that ponerine army ants of the genus Simopelta, which are distantly related but similar in general biology to other army ants, have strictly monandrous queens. Preliminary data suggest that workers reproduce in queenright colonies, which is in sharp contrast to other army ants. We hypothesize that differences in mature colony size and social complexity may explain these striking discrepancies.
Detection of prey odors underpins dietary specialization in a Neotropical top-predator: how army ants find their ant prey
<p>1. Deciphering the mechanisms that underpin dietary specialization and niche partitioning is crucial to understanding the maintenance of biodiversity. New world army ants live in species-rich assemblages throughout the Neotropics and are voracious predators of other arthropods. They are therefore an important and potentially informative group for addressing how diverse predator assemblages partition available prey resources. 2. New World army ants are largely specialist predators of other ants, with each species specializing on different ant genera. However, the mechanisms of prey choice are unknown. In this study, we addressed whether the army ant Eciton hamatum: 1) can detect potential prey odors, 2) can distinguish between odors of prey and non-prey, and 3) can differentiate between different types of odors associated with its prey. 3. Using field experiments, we tested the response of army ants to the following four odor treatments: alarm odors, dead ants, live ants, and nest material. Each treatment had a unique combination of odor sources and included some movement in two of the treatments (alarm and live ants). Odor treatments were tested for both prey and non-prey ants. These data were used to determine the degree to which E. hamatum are using specific prey stimuli to detect potential prey and direct their foraging. 4. Army ants responded strongly to odors derived from prey ants, which triggered both increased localized recruitment and slowed advancement of the raid as they targeted the odor source. Odors from non-prey ants were largely ignored. Additionally, the army ants had the strongest response to the nest material of their preferred prey, with progressively weaker responses across the live ant, dead ant, and alarm odors treatments, respectively. 5. This study reveals that the detection of prey odors, and especially the most persistent odors related to the prey's nest, provides a mechanism for dietary specialization in army ants. If ubiquitous across the Neotropical army ants, then this olfaction-based ecological specialization may facilitate patterns of resource partitioning and coexistence in these diverse predator communities. 08-Jan-2020</p>
Data from: Microhabitat and body size effects on heat tolerance: implications for responses to climate change (army ants: Formicidae, Ecitoninae)
1. Models that predict organismal and population responses to climate change may be improved by considering ecological factors that affect species thermal tolerance. Species differences in microhabitat use can expose animals to diverse thermal selective environments at a given site and may cause sympatric species to evolve different thermal tolerances. 2. We tested the hypothesis that species differences in body size and microhabitat use (above- vs. below-ground activity) would correspond to differences in thermal tolerance (maximum critical temperatures: CTmax). Thermal buffering effects of soil can reduce exposure to extreme high temperatures for below-ground active species. We predicted larger-bodied individuals and species would have higher CTmax and that species mean CTmax would covary positively with degree of above-ground activity. We used Neotropical army ants (Formicidae: Ecitoninae) as models. Army ants vary in microhabitat use from largely subterranean to largely above-ground active species and are highly size polymorphic. 3. We collected data on above- and below-ground temperatures in habitats used by army ants to test for microhabitat temperature differences, and we conducted CTmax assays for army ant species with varying degrees of surface activity and with different body sizes within and between species. We then tested whether microhabitat use was associated with species differences in CTmax and whether microhabitat was a better predictor of CTmax than body size for species that overlapped in size. 4. Microhabitat use was a highly significant predictor of species' upper thermal tolerance limits, both for raw data and after accounting for the effects of phylogeny. Below-ground species were more thermally sensitive, with lower maximum critical temperatures (CTmax). The smallest workers within each species were the least heat tolerant, but the magnitude of CTmax change with body size was greater in below-ground species. Species-typical microhabitat was a stronger predictor of CTmax than body size for species that overlapped in size. Compared to the soil surface, 10-cm subsoil was a significantly moderated thermal environment for below-ground army ants, while maximum surface raid temperatures sometimes exceeded CTmax for the most thermally sensitive army ant castes. 5. We conclude sympatric species differences in thermal physiology correspond to microhabitat use. These patterns should be accounted for in models of species and community responses to thermal variation and climate change.
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