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470 results for “ash”
Coarse Roots and Rock Content in Oak, Hemlock, and Ash Stands at Harvard Forest 2020
When collecting soil samples in the very rocky soils of the Harvard Forest, researchers are forced to core the soil away from rocks. Thus, the resulting samples tend to underestimate the rock content of the soil and overestimate the sand, silt, and other fine particles content. When scaling the results to a spatial area larger than the sample’s (e.g., m2, hectare) it is important to know the actual rock content of the soil to apply the right correction factor. Therefore, we dug pits in three different stands at the Harvard Forest to determine the rock content. At the same time we also collected coarse roots (>2mm diameter) to measure their biomass, which can’t be easily done using the usual soil coring techniques.
Diurnal Patterns of Cavitation in Red Maple, Paper Birch and White Ash at Harvard Forest 2011-2012
Previous work at Harvard Forest has suggested that woody plants cavitate and re-dissolve embolisms in xylem on a daily basis. Here we investigated the common assumption that severing stems and petioles under water preserves the hydraulic continuity in the xylem conduits opened by the cut when the xylem is under tension. In red maple and white ash, higher PLC in the afternoon occurred when the measurement segment was excised under water at native xylem tensions, but not when xylem tensions were relaxed prior to sample excision. Bench drying vulnerability curves in which measurement samples were excised at native versus relaxed tensions showed a dramatic effect of cutting under tension in red maple, a moderate effect in sugar maple, and no effect in paper birch. These results suggest that sampling methods can generate PLC patterns indicative of repair under tension by inducing a degree of embolism that is itself a function of xylem tensions at the moment of sample excision.
Sap-flux and associated environmental data from ash tree monitoring at four urban parks in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, from May to November of 2023.
We measured the sap flux density of eighteen ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) of varying health and canopy conditions across four urban parks in the City of St. Paul, MN, USA in summer 2023 with a low-cost, compact data logger system we designed in-house. Although many ash trees in the city have either been killed or removed to control the spread of Emerald Ash Borer, chemical insecticide treatments are available for trees that are in early stages infestation. The trees selected for the research have all been receiving insecticide treatment for a few years, but their health and canopy conditions vary. We also have collocated temperature, soil moisture, and precipitation measurements at the same site for summer 2023.
Water quality, temperature, ash-free dry mass, photosynthetic activate radiation (PAR), and zooplankton data from a warming and DOC subsidy experiment, 2020 - 2021.
This dataset includes chlorophyll-a concentrations, periphyton biomass estimates, water quality measurements, and qualitative observations from a large-scale mesocosm experiment conducted in the Green Lakes Watershed, Colorado. The experiment was designed to test how earlier lake ice-off and increased dissolved organic material (DOM), associated with terrestrial plant encroachment in alpine watersheds, interactively influence aquatic food webs. In fall 2019, twenty 2600L “megacosms” were established at Sandy Corner (3300 m ASL; 40.042289, -105.584006), left to fill with snowmelt, and maintained throughout the 2020 open water season. The experiment followed a 2 × 2 randomized block design manipulating ice-off timing (via black vs. beige tank coloration) and DOM inputs (presence/absence of willow leaf packs), with five replicates per treatment. All tanks were seeded with sediments and zooplankton from both alpine and montane lakes (Green Lake 1 and Green Lake 4), and instrumented with thermistors recording surface and hypolimnion temperature every two hours year-round. Periphyton growth was monitored using clay tiles, sampled across five time points. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were extracted from filtered water samples and analyzed spectrophotometrically. Periphyton biomass was estimated via ash-free dry mass (AFDM) determinations, based on the mass lost on combustion of material scraped from tiles. Water quality was measured 1–2 times weekly using a YSI ProPlus multiprobe and Li-Cor quantum sensor, and snow/ice cover was qualitatively assessed monthly during winter.
Lake Superior NERR, Black Ash Habitat and Breeding Bird Survey, St. Louis River Estuary, WI, 2021
This dataset documented breeding bird communities within black ash forest stands along the shores of the St. Louis River Estuary in 2021. Breeding bird abundance was measured across multiple black ash stands that varied in canopy cover percent, understory density, and overall structural complexity. Data from this work supports the Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve and collaborating partners in their ongoing ecological monitoring and habitat management in the St. Louis River Estuary. Data could be compiled with other regional breeding bird surveys or forestry data.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Diversity of Forest Floor Vegetation under Ash, Beech, Sugar Maple, and Yellow Birch, 2021
As the interface between plants and soil, the organic horizon is the foundation of forest ecosystems. Two potential predictors of O-layer properties, vegetation and mineral soil type, are difficult to separate because they typically covary. We conducted a factorial study involving four canopy tree species and two soil types with distinctly different hydrology and topographic position to parse patterns in chemistry and microbiota of the O-layer in a north-temperate deciduous forest. There were frequent strong effects of tree species. White ash frequently differed from the other trees: e.g., lower cation exchange capacity and exchangeable acidity, thinner Oi layer, lower %C and C:N, and, from phospholipid fatty acids, more AM fungi and less gram+ bacteria. These patterns, presumably due to species-specific attributes of leaf litter quality, root exudates, and microbial associations, must arise over decades, given that the stands in the study age between 85 and 100 years. We also found patterns in the O-layer related to underlying soil type, independent of tree species: e.g., Bh podzols, compared to Typical podzols, had higher trace metals, thicker Oa layer, and more AM fungi. Relations between mineral soil type and the organic layer, which were larger than expected, could arise because landscape features that influence hydrology and therefore soil formation over millennia also influence biogeochemistry of the organic layer over decades. It could also involve bioturbation by organisms across horizons. There is basic and applied value in models that can predict properties of the O-layer based on vegetation and soil types.
Ash dieback mortality and damage at the Botanic Garden Meise, Belgium
<p>Four 10m × 10m plots were laid out in the naturally regenerating woodland at the Botanic Garden Meise (WGS84: 50° 55ʹ 37ʺ N, 4° 19ʹ 18ʺ E; 50° 55ʹ 37ʺ N, 4° 19ʹ 17ʺ E; 50° 55' 38.6" N 4° 19ʹ 21ʺ E; 50° 55ʹ 39ʺ N, 4° 19ʹ 29ʺ E). They were selected because the areas contained a large number of ash saplings. Within these plots all ash seedlings greater than 40 cm tall were labelled with a small (2 cm × 4 cm) plastic tag attached with stretchable plant tie. Each tag was engraved with a unique number so that the tree could be identified. These plots were not intended to be replicates but just a convenient method of refinding the tagged trees. In the first year either the height or the girth of the tree was measured with a tape measure, depending upon whether the tree was small enough to measure the height. In the first year and each subsequent year each tree was scored for the apparent damage caused by ash dieback (<em>Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus</em>). The same scoring scheme was used as that by Pliūra et al. (2011). This is a 5 point system where 1 is a dead tree; 5 is an undamaged tree and 2–4 are progressively less damaged trees. The plots were laid out on 14 April 2013. In 2014 plots 1 and 2 were scored on 14th April and plots 3 and 4 on 21st April. In 2015 plots 1 and 2 were scored on 6th May and plots 3 and 4 on 30th April.</p>
XRB_LightCurves_Ashes
<p>Results of multi-zone x-ray burst simulations with new masses measured at the storage ring CSRe in Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences by employing the newly developed Br-IMS technique [1]. These data sets supplement dedicated publication, where they are cited, illustrated and interpreted. </p>
Fall 2000 soil organic content survey -- ash-free dry weight analysis for soil samples from 10 GCE LTER sampling sites
Soil core samples were collected from the permanent plots at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites in October, 2000, to survey the fractional organic content in marsh sediments. Surveys will be conducted annually to assess changes in soil organic content in response to environmental factors documented by other GCE monitoring efforts.
Ash-free dry mass data from drift net experiments in glacial-melt streams of Fryxell Basin, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, during the 2022-2023 austral summer
During the 2022-2023 austral summer, 12 drift net experiments were conducted in four glacial-melt streams—Aiken Creek, Green Creek, Lost Seal Stream, and Von Guerard Stream—to quantify particulate organic matter (POM) flux from streams to downstream lakes. Streams are located in Fryxell Basin, within Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Drift nets were deployed near the mouth of each stream and sampled every 4 to 12 hours to collect POM. Collected as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER project, these data provide insight into the temporal variability of organic material transport in polar desert ecosystems.
Hourly non-gridded volcanic ash properties retrieved from SEVIRI measurements for the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption
<p>- Publishing date:<br> 14.05.2020</p> <p>- Title:<br> Hourly non-gridded volcanic ash properties retrieved from SEVIRI<br> measurements for the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption </p> <p>- Authors of data set:<br> Arve Kylling (aky@nilu.no), NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research<br> Espen Sollum, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research</p> <p>- Description:<br> Ash satellite detection and retrievals were made using infrared<br> measurements by SEVIRI on board the MSG-2 satellite. MSG-2 is<br> geostationary, centred at approximately 0N latitude, and has a 70<br> degree view coverage (Schmetz et al., 2002). Pixel resolution is 3 ×<br> 3 km at nadir, while at the edge of the coverage it increases to 10<br> × 10 km. Observations are available every 15 min. Pixels are<br> identified as containing ash if the brightness temperature<br> difference (BTD) between the SEVIRI 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels<br> (Prata, 1989) is below a certain threshold value, here −0.5 K. The<br> BTDs have been adjusted for water vapour absorption using the approach of<br> Yu et al. (2002). Ash clouds give negative BTDs, ice give positive<br> BTDs, and BTDs of water clouds are closer to zero. The ash mass<br> loading and effective ash particle radius are retrieved as described<br> in Kylling et al. (2015). The retrieval is based on a modification<br> of the Bayesian optimal estimation technique used by Francis et<br> al. (2012). We assume andesite ash with refractive index from Pollack<br> et al. (1973), spherical ash particles, and a lognormal size<br> distribution. The lognormal size distribution is described by the<br> geometric mean radius and the geometric standard deviation. The data<br> set includes retrievals for geometric standard deviation of 1.5,<br> 1.75, 2.0, and 2.25, which is a subset of the values used by Francis<br> et al. (2012). The data set has been used by Steensen et al. (2017).</p> <p> Data comes as hourly files broadly covering Iceland, Europe and the<br> surrounding oceans. The files are in bzip2 netcdf-format which<br> should be self-explanatory. </p> <p>- Version:<br> 1.0</p> <p>- Language:<br> English</p> <p>- Keywords<br> Volcanic ash, remote sensing, SEVIRI, Eyjafjallajökull 2010</p> <p>- Additional notes<br> None</p> <p>- Access right:<br> Open access</p> <p>- License:<br> CC BY-SA 4.0 </p> <p>- Funding:<br> Partly funded by the Norwegian ash project financed by the Norwegian<br> Ministry of Transport and Communications and Avinor. </p> <p>- References:<br> Francis, P. N., Cooke, M. C., and Saunders, R.W.: Retrieval of<br> physical properties of volcanic ash using Meteosat: A case study<br> from the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.,<br> 117, D00U09, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016788, 2012.</p> <p> Kylling, A., Kristiansen, N., Stohl, A., Buras-Schnell, R., Emde,<br> C., and Gasteiger, J.: A model sensitivity study of the impact of<br> clouds on satellite detection and retrieval of volcanic ash, Atmos. <br> Meas. Tech., 8, 1935-1949, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1935-<br> 2015, 2015.<br> <br> Pollack, J. B., Toon, O. B., and Khare, B. N.: Optical properties of<br> some terrestrial rocks and glasses, Icarus, 19, 372-389,<br> https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(73)90115-2, 1973. </p> <p> Prata, A. J.: Observations of volcanic ash clouds in the 10-12 um<br> window using AVHRR/2 data, Int. J. Remote Sens., 10, 751-761,<br> 1989.</p> <p> Schmetz, J., Pili, P., Tjemkes, S., and Just, D.: An introduction to<br> Meteosat second generation (MSG), B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 83,<br> 977-992, 2002.<br> <br> Steensen, B. M., Kylling, A., Kristiansen, N. I., and Schulz, M.:<br> Uncertainty assessment and applicability of an inversion method for<br> volcanic ash forecasting, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9205-9222,<br> https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9205-2017, 2017. </p> <p> Yu, T., Rose, W. I., and Prata, A. J.: Atmospheric correction for<br> satellite-based volcanic ash mapping and retrievals using "split<br> window" IR data from GOES and AVHRR, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 107,<br> https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000706, 2002. </p>
Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in vitro survival data for the UKs Living Ash Project
<p><em>In-vitro</em> propagation and survival data sets (including nursery survival) of the ash plants generated i.e. <em>Fraxinus excelsior</em> L., plus the PCR primers used and conditions applied.</p> <p>Surveyed from a range of ash seed material taken from across the UK, and held at the UK ash collection hosted by the Earth Trust in Oxfordshire, UK.</p> <p>A more detailed analysis of this data is currently expected to be be published in the <em>Annals of Forest Science</em>, and which has already provisionally accepted this work for publication, subject to the underlying data being made available i.e. here</p> <p>The data deposited here represents the underlying data that will be presented in graphical form in the forthcoming paper by Fenning et al., plus the associated metadata and statistical analyses, along with the original .jpg of the photos used.</p>
Gene annotation files for Fraxinus excelsior (European ash) genome assembly BATG-0.5
<p>Gene annotation files for <em>Fraxinus excelsior</em> genome assembly v. BATG-0.5, published in Nature (doi:10.1038/nature20786). These files were previously hosted on the Ash Tree Genomes website (http://www.ashgenome.org/transcriptomes) and first made available for download via that site on 2016-02-08.</p> <p>The following annotation files are available:</p> <p>### GFF file of all gene models (all isoforms)<br> Fraxinus_excelsior_38873_TGAC_v2.gff3</p> <p>### FASTA file of all cDNA sequences (all isoforms)<br> Fraxinus_excelsior_38873_TGAC_v2.gff3.cdna.fa</p> <p>### FASTA file of all CDS DNA sequences (all isoforms)<br> Fraxinus_excelsior_38873_TGAC_v2.gff3.cds.fa</p> <p>### FASTA file of all peptide sequences (all isoforms)<br> Fraxinus_excelsior_38873_TGAC_v2.gff3.pep.fa</p> <p>### Functional annotation for each gene model (all isoforms)<br> Fraxinus_excelsior_38873_TGAC_v2.gff3.functional_annotation.tsv</p> <p>### GFF file of all gene models (longest isoform only)<br> Fraxinus_excelsior_38873_TGAC_v2.longestCDStranscript.gff3</p> <p>### FASTA file of all cDNA sequences (longest isoform only)<br> Fraxinus_excelsior_38873_TGAC_v2.longestCDStranscript.gff3.cdna.fa</p> <p>### FASTA file of all CDS DNA sequences (longest isoform only)<br> Fraxinus_excelsior_38873_TGAC_v2.longestCDStranscript.gff3.cds.fa</p> <p>### FASTA file of all peptide sequences (longest isoform only)<br> Fraxinus_excelsior_38873_TGAC_v2.longestCDStranscript.gff3.pep.fa</p> <p>### GFF file for gene models identified as probable transposable element related sequences (excluded from the other files)<br> Fraxinus_excelsior_38873_TGAC_v2.transposable_elements.gff3</p> <p><br> NB: The annotation files include preliminary annotations for genes within the organellar scaffolds (gene models FRAEX38873_v2_000400370-FRAEX38873_v2_000401330), which were not reported in the publication of the BATG0.5 assembly (doi:10.1038/nature20786).</p>
Exploiting the Greenland volcanic ash repository to date caldera-forming eruptions and widespread isochrons during the Holocene
<p>Polar ice-cores have long been recognised as unrivalled repositories of past volcanic events. Although tephra products from local eruptions tend to dominate these records, improvements in micro-sampling and analytical techniques are uncovering a growing number of cryptotephras erupted from exceptionally distant volcanoes. We present a series of nine Middle Holocene cryptotephra deposits detected within the NGRIP ice-core that originate from five different volcanic regions across the Northern Hemisphere (Alaska, Cascades, Iceland, Japan, Kamchatka). Unique compositional signatures are employed to identify ash from three large caldera-forming events in Kamchatka (KS<sub>2 </sub>from Ksudach), the Cascades (Mazama) and North East Japan (Mashu), along with ash from the Hekla 4 eruption in Iceland. High-precision ice-core ages (adopting a 1950 datum for the GICC05 timescale assigned to the Greenland ice cores) are derived for each eruption: Hekla 4 (4325 ± 8 a b1.95k), KS<sub>2</sub> (7089 ± 26 a b1.95k), Mashu (i-f) (7473 ± 33 a b1.95k) and Mazama (7562 ± 35 a b1.95k), all of which can be employed as chronological fix-points in other proxy records where these deposits are also preserved. Four further cryptotephra deposits and one macro-deposit (in the GRIP ice core) are also identified and traced to sources in Iceland and Alaska. The cryptotephra originating from Alaska is correlated to a deposit identified in lake records from the Kenai Peninsula, thought to originate from Redoubt Volcano. The remaining four deposits are typical of the products of Katla, Grímsvötn and Veiðivötn in Iceland. This ensemble of mid-Holocene tephra deposits highlights the pivotal position of the Greenland ice-sheet and its ice-cores to capture deposition from the convergence of several far-travelled ash clouds. Precise age estimates derived from the annually resolved ice-core record greatly enhances the value of these tephra isochrons.</p> <p> </p>
Data set for "Quantification of amorphous siliceous fly ash in hydrating blended cement pastes by X-ray powder diffraction"
<p>The main data is XRD patterns originally collected as xrdml and converted into rd format.</p> <p>The data set for the manuscript:</p> <p>Quantification of amorphous siliceous fly ash in hydrating blended cement pastes by X-ray powder diffraction</p> <p>Xuerun Li<sup>a</sup>, Ruben Snellings<sup>b</sup> and Karen L. Scrivener<sup>a</sup></p> <p><sup>a</sup>Laboratory of Construction Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland</p> <p><sup>b</sup>Sustainable Materials Management, Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium<br> </p>
Integration of the Ash-Based Treatment of the Anerobic Digestate in a Wider Valorization Process by Aspen Plus® Simulation
<p>Spreadsheets for the 7 scenarios investigated in the article: "Aspen Plus® process simulation model of the biomass ash-based treatment of anaerobic digestate for production of fertilizer and upgradation of biogas". A comparison of the following 7 process strategies is mentioned in the above article:<br> Case 1 is the foundation case (labelled as untreated MD) that served as benchmark and it implied the production of MD using the original PSM of Rajendran et al. [11].<br> In Case 2 a stream of pure hydrochloric acid was incorporated at a 0.1000 times the flowrate of the MD towards the ionization reactor (1HCl:10MD).<br> In Case 3 a stream of hydrochloric acid was incorpo-rated at 0.1176 times the flowrate of the MD towards the stoichiometric-equilibria reactor (1HCl:8.5MD).<br> In Case 4 a stream of hydrochloric acid was incorporated at 0.1212 times the flowrate of the MD towards the ionization reactor (1HCl:8.25MD).<br> The remaining 3 cases are built on Case 3 (i.e. considering the previous acidification of the MD with the dose of 3.18 mEq HCl/g).<br> In Case 5 the stream of SSA (Table 1) was incorpo-rated at 0.0040 times the flowrate of the MD towards the stoichiometric-equilibria reactor (1SSA:1.76HCl:15MD).<br> In Case 6 the stream of ash (Table 1) was incorporated at 0.0060 times the flowrate of the MD towards the ionization reactor (1SSA:1.18HCl:10MD).<br> In Case 7 the stream of ash was incorporated at 0.0080 times the flowrate of the DM to the stoi-chiometric-equilibria reactor (1SSA:0.88HCl:7.5MD). <br> Additionally, MS Word file summarizes the most relevant data: Table S1, Mass balance of the nutrients monitored in the Aspen Plus® simulations. (1/3); Table S2, Mass balance of the nutrients monitored in the Aspen Plus® simulations. (2/3); Table S3, Mass balance of the nutrients monitored in the Aspen Plus® simulations. (3/3); Table S4, List of the components in the PSM of Rajendran et al. [11]. (1/3); Table S5, List of the components in the PSM of Rajendran et al. [11]. (2/3); Table S6, List of the components in the PSM of Rajendran et al. [11]. (3/3).</p>
Occurrence records used to develop a climatic suitability model for emerald ash borer in DDRP
<p>Presence records used to calibrate and validate a climatic suitability model for emerald ash borer in the DDRP platform (Degree-Days, Risk, and Phenological event mapping) (Barker et al. 2023). The first sheet ("Records") of the Excel file provides the range (native or invaded), continent, country, state or province, locality, latitude, and longitude of origin for each record. The "Coords_est" column indicates whether the coordinates were estimated from city- or county-level information (1 = yes, 0 = no). The year in which the record was collected is provided if known. The second sheet of the Excel file ("References") provides a list of references for each record source.</p>
Supplementary material for "Inverse Modeling of the Initial Stage of the 1991 Pinatubo Volcanic Cloud Accounting for Radiative Feedback of Volcanic ash" paper
<p>Supplementary material for "Inverse Modeling of the Initial Stage of the 1991 Pinatubo<br>Volcanic Cloud Accounting for Radiative Feedback of Volcanic ash" by A. Ukhov, <br>G. Stenchikov, S.Osipov, N. Krotkov, N. Gorkavyi, C. Li, O. Dubovik, and A. Lopatin.</p> <p>Corresponding author: Alexander Ukhov, alexander.ukhov@kaust.edu.sa</p> <p>Contents<br>0. This 'README' file</p> <p>1. Emission profiles for ash and SO2<br> 1.1 In pickle and txt format, when radiative feedback is accounted for:<br> 1.1.1 Files 'ash_2d_emission_profiles_rad_on' [Mt/sec] and 'ash_2d_emission_profiles.txt' [Mt/(m sec)]<br> 1.1.2 Files 'so2_2d_emission_profiles_rad_on' [Mt/sec] and 'so2_2d_emission_profiles.txt' [Mt/(m sec)]</p> <p> 1.2 In pickle format, when radiative feedback is not accounted for:<br> 1.2.1 Files 'ash_2d_emission_profiles_rad_off' [Mt/sec]<br> 1.2.2 Files 'so2_2d_emission_profiles_rad_off' [Mt/sec]</p> <p>2. python script 'draw_supplementary_profiles.py' plots inverted emission profiles <br> (in pickle format) and their time integrated variants.</p> <p>3. WRF-Chem output file 'wrfout_d01_1991-06-16_00:00:00' in netcdf format contains <br> 3-D fields of ash, sulfate, and SO2 concentrations at 0000 UTC on 16 of June. <br> Instructions on how to process WRF-Chem output are available at the Appendix of [1].</p> <p>4. WRF-Chem domain grid description in the file 'wrf_small_grid.txt'. This file can be<br> used for conservative interpolation of 3-D fields to another grid, for example <br> using 'cdo remapcon'.</p> <p>There are two options: <br>1. Use inverted ash and SO2 emission profiles (see p.1 and p.2)<br>2. Use ash, sulfate, and SO2 concentrations from WRF-Chem output file (see p.3 and p.4)<br> as initial conditions for another run.</p> <p><br>References:<br>1. Ukhov, A., Ahmadov, R., Grell, G., and Stenchikov, G.: Improving dust simulations<br> in WRF-Chem v4.1.3 coupled with the GOCART aerosol module, <br> Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 473–493, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-473-2021, 2021.</p> <p>2. Ukhov et. al, Enhancing Volcanic Eruption Simulations with the WRF-Chem v4.7.x</p>
The dual invasion of Amur honeysuckle and Emerald Ash Borer Shifts Fungal Driven Decomposition in Midwestern Forests
Midwestern forests are currently impacted by two prominent invaders, the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis and Amur honeysuckle, Lonicera maackii. The loss of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees due to EAB invasion can further facilitate honeysuckle invasion, driving changes in the composition of forest leaf litter. To evaluate the extent to which these changes alter ecosystem function, we conducted litter bag and culture-based decomposition experiments using leaf litter from sugar maple (Acer saccharum), oak (Quercus spp.), black ash (Fraxinus nigra), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), spicebush (Lindera benzoin), and Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). To further understand the mechanism driving differences in decay rates, we inoculated six species of decomposing fungi separately onto both single species and multispecies (half honeysuckle and half native species) leaf litter and measured decomposition rate, fungal growth and enzymatic activity in laboratory-based cultures. Honeysuckle leaf litter decomposed faster, had increased fungal growth, and had higher activity for carbon degrading enzymes compared to native species leaf litter. Furthermore, multispecies mixtures followed the same patterns as honeysuckle, suggesting that the addition of honeysuckle to leaf litter will accelerate ecosystem functions related to carbon breakdown. Consequently, forests that experience the invasion of honeysuckle and EAB induced loss of ash are likely to have faster decomposition, potentially resulting in an influx of available nutrients.
Three-hourly gridded volcanic ash emissions for the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption
<p>Forward simulations of the Eyjafjälla 2010 eruption with unit emissions. These files are used to create an emission estimate of a volcanic eruption.</p> <p>Each file corresponds to an individual emission time point, and contains 19 individual emission simulations. Each emission simulation emits 1 teragram of ash into a unique vertical level of the model. The levels are labeled L01 .. L19, and designate level number from the top of the atmosphere (top of level 1 is close to 130 hPa or around 14 km ASL). The hybrid sigma levels are defined in Vertical_levels_22_650m.txt. </p> <p>The files were created using eEMEP Unimod_ASH compiled by Alvaro Valdebenito (module cams50/201809) on the Nebula supercomputer. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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