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18 results for “asymmetric competition”
Asymmetric density-dependent competition does not contribute to the maintenance of sex in a mixed population of sexual and asexual Potamopyrgus antipodarum
<p>Asexual reproduction is expected to have a two-fold reproductive advantage over sexual reproduction, owing to the cost of producing males in sexual subpopulations. The persistence of sexual females thus requires an advantage to sexual reproduction, at least periodically. Here we tested the hypothesis that asexual females are more sensitive to limited resources. Under this idea, fluctuations in the availability of resources (<em>per capita</em>) could periodically favor sexual females when resources become limited. We combined sexual and asexual freshwater snails (<em>Potamopyrgus antipodarum</em>) together in nylon mesh enclosures at three different densities in an outdoor mesocosm. After one month, we counted the brood size of fertile female snails. We found that fecundity declined significantly with increasing density. However, sexual females did not produce more offspring than asexual females at any of the experimental densities. Our results thus suggest that the cost of sexual reproduction in <em>P. antipodarum</em> is not ameliorated by periods of intense resource competition.</p>
Asymmetric density-dependent competition does not contribute to the maintenance of sex in a mixed population of sexual and asexual Potamopyrgus antipodarum
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Dances with wolves: the demographic consequence of asymmetric competition and intraguild predation in a native-invasive skink system
<p><span>1. Currently, we lack enough knowledge to fully explain how the impacts of species invasion on native communities are attributed to multifaceted, individual-based behavioral outcomes.</span></p> <p><span>2. Here, we illustrate the long-term population dynamics of the native long-tailed sun skink (Eutropis longicaudata) before and after the invasion of the common sun skink (Eutropis multifasciata). We conducted diet investigation, morphological measurement, and a series of behavioral experiments both in the field and laboratory. We explained how the impacts of the invasive skink on the native skink can cascade towards the population level based on these individual-level behavioral data.</span></p> <p><span>3. We present evidence of competition exclusion of the native skink population resulting from the invasion of the common sun skink. The drastic decline found in the native skink population was largely accounted for by low recruitment, as shown by the decrease in its clutch numbers correspondingly.</span></p> <p><span>4. We also found dominance of the invasive skink in both exploitation competition and intraguild predation. Considering the highly overlapping morphological and dietary niches between the two species, our findings imply that the native skink has undergone strong food competition and predation pressure on its eggs and juveniles.</span></p> <p><span>5. Interestingly, the native skink started to display parental care behavior two years after the invasion event, and its clutch survival rate has recovered since then. The shift in parental care behavior may help the native skink cope with this new predation pressure from the invasive skink.</span></p> <p>6. Overall, the two competitive skinks showed low chances of coexisting. The negative population growth of this native skink species may be primarily derived from poor reproductive performance, given a sharp decline in its clutch numbers and its inferiority in exploitation competition, despite rebounding clutch survival rates.</p>
Asymmetric oviposition behaviour between Drosophila suzukii and D. subpulchrella suggests competition for the shared niche in their native range
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Dances with wolves: the demographic consequence of asymmetric competition and intraguild predation in a native-invasive skink system
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Data from: Individual asymmetric competition responses across multidimensional niches may enable coexistence of closely related species
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From canopy complementarity to asymmetric competition: the negative relationship between structural diversity and productivity during succession
<p>1. Positive relationships between structural diversity and forest productivity have been documented in controlled experiments and early secondary forests, however, negative relationships have also been observed in late successional forests. The mechanisms causing observed relationships between structural diversity and productivity are not well established, but complementarity among crowns and asymmetric competition have been suggested.</p> <p>2. We used LiDAR and repeated census data to examine relationship between canopy structural diversity and productivity in nine 1-ha subtropical forest plots along a disturbance gradient in southeastern China. We quantified the relative importance of community composition, species diversity, canopy structural diversity, leaf area index (LAI), and disturbance regime on productivity using piecewise structural equation modelling. We also tested how vertical leaf area distribution effected productivity.</p> <p>3. Contrary to many prior observations, we found a negative relationship between canopy structural diversity and forest productivity. The negative effect may stem from asymmetric competition between overstory and understory leaves, leading to a lower leaf area efficiency (i.e., wood production per leaf area). Asymmetric competition was suggested by a negative relationship between understory leaf area and total productivity. Changes in community composition over the disturbance gradient, but not species diversity, had a significant effect on productivity.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our study suggests that leaf area and canopy structural diversity have contrasting effects on productivity in this subtropical forest, and this need to be considered when estimating rates of carbon sequestration in secondary forests. The negative effect of asymmetric competition on productivity is comparable to that of the shift in species composition over succession, highlighting the role of canopy structural diversity in shaping forest productivity.</p>
Data from: Asymmetric competitive effects during species range expansion: an experimental assessment of interaction strength between 'equivalent' grazer species at their range overlap
1. Biotic interactions are central to the development of theory and concepts in community ecology; experimental evidence has shown their strong effects on patterns of population and community organization and dynamics over local spatial scales. The role of competition in determining range limits and preventing invasions at biogeographic scales is more controversial, partly because of the complexity of processes involved in species colonization of novel habitats and the difficulties in performing appropriate manipulations and controls. 2. We examined experimentally whether competition is likely to affect poleward range expansion hindering or facilitating the establishment of the limpet Scurria viridula along the southeastern Pacific rocky shore (30°S, Chile) in the region occupied by the congeneric S. zebrina. We also assessed whether competition with the "invader" or range expanding species could reduce individual performance of the 'native' S. zebrina and depress local populations 3. Geographic field surveys were conducted to characterize the abundance and identity of limpets along the south-eastern Pacific coast from 18°S to 41°S, and the micro-scale (few cm) spatial distribution across the range overlap of the two species. Field-based competition experiments were conducted at the southern leading edge of the range of S. viridula (33°S) and at the northern limit of S. zebrina (30°S). 4. Field surveys showed poleward range expansion of S. viridula of ca. 210 km since year 2000, with an expansion rate of 13.1 km year -1. No range shift was detected for S. zebrina. The resident S. zebrina had significant negative effects on the growth rate of the invading juvenile S. viridula, while no effect of the latter was found on S. zebrina. Spatial segregation between species was found at the scale of cms. 5. Our results provide novel evidence of an asymmetric competitive effect of a resident species on an invader, which may hamper further range expansion. No negative effect of the invader on the resident species was detected. This study highlights the complexities of evaluating the role of species interactions in setting range limits of species, but showed how interspecific competition might slow the advance of an invader by reducing individual performance and overall population size at the advancing front.
Data from: Isodars unveil asymmetric effects on habitat use caused by competition between two endangered species
In order for competing species to coexist, segregation on some ecological niche component is required and is often mediated by differential habitat use. When unequal competitors are involved, the dominant species tends to displace the subordinate one to its less preferred habitat. Here, we use habitat isodars, an approach which reflects evolutionary stable strategies of habitat selection, to evaluate whether interspecific competition between two competing species with distinct habitat preferences, the little bustard Tetrax tetrax and the great bustard Otis tarda, modulates their habitat use. Field data on these endangered species demonstrate that unequal competitors can coexist without completely segregating on their preferred habitats. The negatively sloped isodar of the subordinate little bustard unveils its competition with the dominant great bustard. Interference from great bustards in secondary cereal habitats reinforces use of preferred natural habitat by little bustards. Studies of density-dependent habitat selection by a single-species can thus aid in identifying the effects of competition on community composition, and guide the conservation of at-risk species. Isodars, in particular, represent a promising method to gain clear knowledge on interspecific competition for species in which experimental manipulations are not feasible.
From canopy complementarity to asymmetric competition: the negative relationship between structural diversity and productivity during succession
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Data from: Asymmetric competitive effects during species range expansion: an experimental assessment of interaction strength between ‘equivalent’ grazer species at their range overlap
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Data from: Variation in offspring size with birth order in placental fish: a role for asymmetric sibling competition?
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Data from: Isodars unveil asymmetric effects on habitat use caused by competition between two endangered species
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Asymmetric interspecific competition drives shifts in signalling traits in fan-throated lizards
<p>Interspecific competition can occur when species are unable to distinguish between conspecific and heterospecific mates or competitors when they occur in sympatry. Selection in response to interspecific competition can lead to shifts in signalling traits - a process termed as agonistic character displacement. In two fan-throated lizard species- <i>Sitana laticeps</i>and <i>Sarada darwini,</i> females are morphologically indistinguishable and male agonistic signalling behaviour is similar. Consequently, in areas where these species overlap, males engage in interspecific aggressive interactions. To test whether interspecific male aggression between <i>S. laticeps</i> and <i>S. darwini</i> results in agonistic character displacement, we quantified species recognition and signalling behaviour using staged encounter assays with both conspecifics and heterospecifics across sympatric and allopatric populations of both species. We found an asymmetric pattern, wherein males of <i>S. laticeps</i>but not <i>S. darwini</i> showed differences in competitor recognition and agonistic signalling traits (morphology and behaviour) in sympatry compared to allopatry. This asymmetric shift in traits is likely due to differences in competitive abilities between species and can minimize competitive interactions in zones of sympatry. Overall, our results support agonistic character displacement, and highlight the role of asymmetric interspecific competition in driving shifts in social signals. </p>
Data from: Asymmetric competition impacts evolutionary rescue in a changing environment
Interspecific competition can strongly influence the evolutionary response of a species to a changing environment, impacting the chance that the species survives or goes extinct. Previous work has shown that when two species compete for a temporally shifting resource distribution, the species lagging behind the resource peak is the first to go extinct due to competitive exclusion. However, this work assumed symmetrically distributed resources and competition. Asymmetries can generate differences between species in population sizes, genetic variation and trait means. We show that asymmetric resource availability or competition can facilitate coexistence and even occasionally cause the leading species to go extinct first. Surprisingly, we also find cases where traits evolve in the opposite direction to the changing environment because of a 'vacuum of competitive release' created when the lagging species declines in number. Thus, the species exhibiting the slowest rate of trait evolution is not always the most likely to go extinct in a changing environment. Our results demonstrate that the extent to which species appear to be tracking environmental change and the extent to which they are preadapted to that change may not necessarily determine which species will be the winners and which will be the losers in a rapidly changing world.
Data from: Asymmetric competition impacts evolutionary rescue in a changing environment
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Asymmetric interspecific competition drives shifts in signalling traits in fan-throated lizards
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Data from: Resource competition across habitat boundaries asymmetric interactions between benthic and pelagic producers
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OpenNeuro
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