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17 results for “asymmetrical gene flow”
Asymmetric song recognition does not influence gene flow in an emergent songbird hybrid zone
<p>Hybrid zones can be used to examine the mechanisms affecting reproductive isolation and speciation, like song. Song has equivocal support as a driver of speciation; we did not find song to cause reproductive isolation. We examined an emerging secondary contact zone between White-crowned Sparrow subspecies <em>pugetensis </em>and <em>gambelii </em>by measuring song variation, song recognition, plumage, morphology and mtDNA. Plumage and morphological characters provided evidence of hybridization in the contact zone, with some birds possessing plumage and song characteristics intermediate between the subspecies. Playback experiments revealed asymmetric song recognition: male <em>pugetensis </em>displayed greater response to their own song than <em>gambelii </em>song, whereas <em>gambelii </em>did not discriminate significantly. If female choice operates similarly to male song discrimination, we predicted asymmetric gene flow, resulting in a greater number of hybrids with <em>gambelii </em>mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Contrary to our prediction, more <em>gambelii </em>and putative hybrids in the contact zone possessed <em>pugetensis </em>mtDNA haplotypes, possibly due to greater <em>pugetensis </em>abundance and female-biased dispersal.</p>
Asymmetric song recognition does not influence gene flow in an emergent songbird hybrid zone
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Multilocus evidence provides insight into the demographic history and asymmetrical gene flow between Ostrinia furnacalis and Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in the Yili area, Xinjiang, China
<p><span>Tianshan Mountain provides a model for studying biological evolution and speciation. Here we assess the evolutionary history of the <em>Ostrinia furnacalis</em> and <em>Ostrinia nubilalis</em>, which are sympatric in the Yili River Valley in Xinjiang, China. </span></p> <p><span>Our study is based on the historical gene flow analyses of two species by using three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, <em>COI</em> & <em>COII</em> & <em>Cytb</em>) and four nuclear DNA (nuDNA, <em>EF-1α</em> &<em> Wingless</em> & <em>RPS5</em> &<em> CAD</em>) markers obtained from representatives of HC (Huocheng), YN (Yining), XY (Xinyuan) and MNS (Manasi). </span></p> <p><span>Our results reveal that there is a strong asymmetrical gene flow pattern between the four populations. The population migratory pathways between these different populations show inflow into HC and YN, outflow from XY, and that MNS maintained a flow balance. Bayesian divergence time dating based on the <em>COI</em> gene suggest the genetic divergence between the two species in this area may have occurred in the late-Pleistocene (0.003</span><span>–0.0127</span><span> Mya). Neutrality tests (Tajima's <em>D</em>, Fu's <em>Fs</em>) and mismatch distribution test results suggest that population expansion events may not have occurred in the recent past, which may follow the 'mountain isolation' hypothesis. The ML and BI trees of the mtDNA haplotype dataset show that ECB haplotypes are clustered together in a distinct clade and are clearly separate from ACB haplotypes. However, the geographical pattern of haplotype distribution is less clear and there is no strong correspondence between haplotypes and their geographical pattern for both ACB and ECB, implying that there has been frequent gene flow among the geographic populations in the Tianshan Mountains.</span></p> <p><span>These findings confirm that geological factors play an important role in driving genetic patterns.</span></p>
Multilocus evidence provides insight into the demographic history and asymmetrical gene flow between Ostrinia furnacalis and Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in the Yili area, Xinjiang, China
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Data from: Ecological differentiation, lack of hybrids involving diploids, and asymmetric gene flow between polyploids in narrow contact zones of Senecio carniolicus (syn. Jacobaea carniolica, Asteraceae)
Areas of immediate contact of different cytotypes offer a unique opportunity to study evolutionary dynamics within heteroploid species and to assess isolation mechanisms governing coexistence of cytotypes of different ploidy. The degree of reproductive isolation of cytotypes, i.e., the frequency of heteroploid crosses and subsequent formation of viable and (partly) fertile hybrids, plays a crucial role for the long-term integrity of lineages in contact zones. Here, we assessed fine-scale distribution, spatial clustering and ecological niches as well as patterns of gene-flow in parental and hybrid cytotypes in zones of immediate contact of di-, tetra- and hexaploid Senecio carniolicus (Asteraceae) in the Eastern Alps. Cytotypes were spatially separated also at the investigated micro-scale; the strongest spatial separation was observed for the fully interfertile tetra- and hexaploids. The three main cytotypes showed highly significant niche differences, which were, however, weaker than across their entire distribution ranges in the Eastern Alps. Individuals with intermediate ploidy levels were found neither in the diploid/tetraploid nor in the diploid/hexaploid contact zones indicating strong reproductive barriers. In contrast, pentaploid individuals were frequent in the tetraploid/hexaploid contact zone, albeit limited to a narrow strip in the immediate contact zone of their parental cytotypes. AFLP fingerprinting data revealed introgressive gene flow mediated by pentaploid hybrids from tetra- to hexaploid individuals, but not vice versa. The ecological niche of pentaploids differed significantly from that of tetraploids but not from hexaploids.
Data from: The demographic history of populations experiencing asymmetric gene flow: combining simulated and empirical data.
Population structure can significantly affect genetic-based demographic inferences, generating spurious bottleneck-like signals. Previous studies have typically assumed island or stepping-stone models, which are characterized by symmetric gene flow. However, many organisms are characterized by asymmetric gene flow. Here, we combined simulated and empirical data to test whether asymmetric gene flow affects the inference of past demographic changes. Through the analysis of simulated genetic data with three methods (i.e. bottleneck, M-ratio and msvar), we demonstrated that asymmetric gene flow biases past demographic changes. Most biases were towards spurious signals of expansion, albeit their strength depended on values of effective population size and migration rate. It is noteworthy that the spurious signals of demographic changes also depended on the statistical approach underlying each of the three methods. For one of the three methods, biases induced by asymmetric gene flow were confirmed in an empirical multispecific data set involving four freshwater fish species (Squalius cephalus, Leuciscus burdigalensis, Gobio gobio and Phoxinus phoxinus). However, for the two other methods, strong signals of bottlenecks were detected for all species and across two rivers. This suggests that, although potentially biased by asymmetric gene flow, some of these methods were able to bypass this bias when a bottleneck actually occurred. Our results show that population structure and dispersal patterns have to be considered for proper inference of demographic changes from genetic data.
Data from: Asymmetric hybridization and gene flow between Joshua trees (Agavaceae: Yucca) reflects differences in pollinator host specificity.
The angiosperms are by far the largest group of terrestrial plants. Their spectacular diversity is often attributed to specialized pollination. Obligate pollination mutualisms where both a plant and its pollinator are dependent upon one another for reproduction are thought to be prone to rapid diversification through co-evolution and pollinator isolation. However, few studies have evaluated the degree to which pollinators actually mediate reproductive isolation in these systems. Here, we examine evidence for hybridization and gene flow between two subspecies of Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia brevifolia and Yucca brevifolia jaegeriana) pollinated by two sister species of yucca moth. Previous work indicated that the pollinators differ in host specificity, and DNA sequence data suggested asymmetric introgression between the tree subspecies. Through intensive sampling in a zone of sympatry, a large number of morphologically intermediate trees were identified. These included trees with floral characters typical of Y. b. jaegeriana, but vegetative features typical of Y. b. brevifolia. The opposite combination—Y. b. brevifolia flowers with Y. b. jaegeriana vegetative morphology—never occurred. Microsatellite genotyping revealed a high frequency of genetically admixed, hybrid trees. Coalescent-based estimates of migration indicated significant gene flow between the subspecies and that the direction of gene flow matches differences in pollinator host fidelity. The data suggest that pollinator behaviour determines the magnitude and direction of gene flow between the two subspecies, but that specialized pollination alone is not sufficient to maintain species boundaries. Natural selection may be required to maintain phenotypic differences in the face of ongoing gene flow.
Figure 3 in Asymmetric acoustic signal recognition led to asymmetric gene flow between two parapatric frogs
Figure 3. Acoustic response of Buergeria choui (blue) and B. otai (orange) against conspecific and heterospecific calls. Both species showed highest response against the calls from their own kind. However, the eastern and western populations of B. otai represent behavioral difference. The western population shows the strongest response to the 'chicken trills' (Type 2), which was unique for this species; whereas the eastern population response strongest to Type 1b, which is a shared 'cricket trills' similar to Type 1a produced by B. choui.
Figure 2. A, G in Asymmetric acoustic signal recognition led to asymmetric gene flow between two parapatric frogs
Figure 2. A, G-PHOCS estimates of effective population sizes, divergence times, and migration rates between two clades of Buergeria otai and B. choui. There were two significant migrations: one from the ancestors of B. otai to B. choui, and the recent one from B. choui to eastern B. otai. Gene flow estimated by MIGRATE-N (B) and δaδi (C) revealed congruent results, indicating the gene flow only occurred between B. choui and the eastern B. otai.
Can demographic histories explain long-term isolation and recent pulses of asymmetric gene flow between highly divergent gray fox lineages?
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Data from: Secondary contact and asymmetrical gene flow in a cosmopolitan marine fish across the Benguela upwelling zone
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Data from: The demographic history of populations experiencing asymmetric gene flow: combining simulated and empirical data.
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Data from: Isolation with asymmetric gene flow during the nonsynchronous divergence of dry forest birds
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Data from: Asymmetric hybridization and gene flow between Joshua trees (Agavaceae: Yucca) reflects differences in pollinator host specificity.
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Data from: Ecological differentiation, lack of hybrids involving diploids, and asymmetric gene flow between polyploids in narrow contact zones of Senecio carniolicus (syn. Jacobaea carniolica, Asteraceae)
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Data from: Diversification and asymmetrical gene flow across time and space: lineage sorting and hybridization in polytypic barking frogs
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Figure 1. A in Asymmetric acoustic signal recognition led to asymmetric gene flow between two parapatric frogs
Figure 1. A, sample localities across the east and the west contact zones. B, molecular phylogeny, and (C) population structure of Buergeria otai and B. choui using RAD-seq data. The phylogeny was constructed by RAXML using 877 SNPs. STRUCTURE plot of two species and populations of B. otai were constructed with 824 and 4954 RAD loci, respectively. Bootstrap values correspond to phylogenetic analyses with SNPs and concatenated RAD-loci sequences.
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