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27 results for “atmospheric carbon dioxide”
Atmospheric Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide at Harvard Forest EMS Tower since 2006
This archive features long-term measurements of the atmospheric mixing ratios of O2 and CO2 at two heights on the Harvard Forest EMS flux tower. The data fields include the time of data collection, the height from which the samples were drawn, the O2 mixing ratio and the CO2 mixing ratio.
Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Soil atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane, 1998 - ongoing
The Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) established a network of long-term permanent biogeochemical study plots in 1998. These plots provide long-term data on vegetation, soil and hydrologic processes in the key ecosystem types within the urban ecosystem. The network of study plots includes forest plots (upland and riparian), chosen to represent the range of forest conditions in the area and grass plots (to represent home lawns). Plots are instrumented with lysimeters (drainage and tension) to sample soil solution chemistry, time domain reflectometry probes to measure soil moisture, dataloggers to measure and record soil temperature, and trace gas flux chambers to measure the flux of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane from soil to the atmosphere. Measurements of in situ nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and denitrification were made at approximately monthly intervals from Fall 1998 - Fall 2000. Detailed vegetation characterization (all layers) was done in summer 1998 and 2015. Data from these plots has been published in Groffman et al. (2006, 2009), Groffman and Pouyat (2009), Savva et al. (2010), Costa and Groffman (2013), Duncan et al. (2013), Waters et al. (2014), Ni and Groffman (2018), Templeton et al. (2019). Literature Cited Costa, K.H. and P.M. Groffman. 2013. Factors regulating net methane flux in urban forests and grasslands. Soil Science Society of America Journal 77:850 - 855. Duncan, J. M., L. E. Band, and P. M. Groffman. 2013. Towards closing the watershed nitrogen budget: Spatial and temporal scaling of denitrification. Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences 118:1-5; DOI: 10.1002/jgrg.20090 Groffman PM, Pouyat RV, Cadenasso ML, Zipperer WC, Szlavecz K, Yesilonis IC,. Band LE and Brush GS. 2006. Land use context and natural soil controls on plant community composition and soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics in urban and rural forests. Forest Ecology and Management 236:177-192. Groffman, P.M., C.O. Williams, R.V. Pouyat, L.E. Band and I.C.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane on Watershed 1 and Bear Brook, 2002-2024
Soil atmosphere fluxes of the trace gases; carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) have been measured at several locations at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) including 1) the "freeze" study reference plots that provide contrast between stands dominated (80%) by sugar maple versus yellow birch and low and high elevation areas, 2) the Bear Brook Watershed where trace gas sampling is coordinated with long-term monitoring of microbial biomass and activity and 3) watershed 1 where trace gas sampling locations were co-located with long-term microbial biomass and activity monitoring sites that are located near a subset of the lysimeter sites established for the calcium addition study on this watershed. This dataset contains the Watershed 1 and Bear Brook data. Freeze plot trace gas can be found in: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=251. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Dataset for "IRIS analyser assessment reveals sub-hourly variability of isotope ratios in carbon dioxide at Baring Head, New Zealand's atmospheric observatory in the Southern Ocean"
<p>Dataset for</p> <p>Sperlich, P., Brailsford, G. W., Moss, R. C., McGregor, J., Martin, R. J., Nichol, S., Mikaloff-Fletcher, S., Bukosa, B., Mandic, M., Schipper, I., Krummel, P. and Griffiths, A. D.: IRIS analyser assessment reveals sub-hourly variability of isotope ratios in carbon dioxide at Baring Head, New Zealand's atmospheric observatory in the Southern Ocean, Atmos. Meas. Tech., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1-2022, 2022.</p>
Direct evidence for atmospheric carbon dioxide removal via enhanced weathering in cropland soil: Supporting data
<p>Datasets (climate, alkalinity, moisture sensors) associated with the manuscript "Direct evidence for atmospheric carbon dioxide removal via enhanced weathering in cropland soil."</p>
Meta-analytical data on soil organic, particulate organic, and mineral-associated organic carbon under nitrogen fertilization, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, atmospheric warming, increased precipitation, drought, and their combined effects
Data were harvested from journal articles found on the Web of Science Core Collection and the ProQuest Agricultural and Environmental Database that studied soil organic matter fraction carbon responses to global changes (nitrogen fertilization, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, atmospheric warming, increased and decreased precipitation, and combined effects). Soil organic carbon fractions were designated as particulate organic carbon or mineral-associated organic carbon based on size and density cutoffs. Relevant metadata, including article information (authors, publication year), environmental information (soil type, climate, and land use), and experiment information (rates, methods) were also added to the dataset.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane on snow removal plots
Soil atmosphere fluxes of the trace gases; carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) have been measured at several locations at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) including 1) the “freeze” study reference plots that provide contrast between stands dominated (80%) by sugar maple versus yellow birch and low and high elevation areas, 2) the Bear Brook Watershed where trace gas sampling is coordinated with long-term monitoring of microbial biomass and activity and 3) watershed 1 where trace gas sampling locations were co-located with long-term microbial biomass and activity monitoring sites that are located near a subset of the lysimeter sites established for the calcium addition study on this watershed. This dataset contains the Freeze study data. Watershed 1 and Bear Brook trace gas data can be found in: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=116. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. These data have been published in: Groffman, P. M., Hardy, J. P., Driscoll, C. T., & Fahey, T. J. (2006). Snow depth, soil freezing, and fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane in a northern hardwood forest. Global Change Biology, 12, 1748–1760.
Data from: Elevated atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide reduce monarch tolerance and increase parasite virulence by altering the medicinal properties of milkweeds
Hosts combat their parasites using mechanisms of resistance and tolerance, which together determine parasite virulence. Environmental factors, including diet, mediate the impact of parasites on hosts, with diet providing nutritional and medicinal properties. Here, we present the first evidence that ongoing environmental change decreases host tolerance and increases parasite virulence through a loss of dietary medicinal quality. Monarch butterflies use dietary toxins (cardenolides) to reduce the deleterious impacts of a protozoan parasite. We fed monarch larvae foliage from four milkweed species grown under either elevated or ambient CO2, and measured changes in resistance, tolerance, and virulence. The most high-cardenolide milkweed species lost its medicinal properties under elevated CO2; monarch tolerance to infection decreased, and parasite virulence increased. Declines in medicinal quality were associated with declines in foliar concentrations of lipophilic cardenolides. Our results emphasize that global environmental change may influence parasite-host interactions through changes in the medicinal properties of plants.
Global continuous 0.05 degree atmospheric carbon dioxide dataset (GCXCO2) based OCO-2 satellite, CAMS and CarbonTracker simulation data from 2000 to 2020
<p>This dataset provides global seamless 8-day XCO2 (column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction) with a spatial resolution of 0.05 degree from 2000 to 2020. The unit is ppm. The detailed process and product validation accuracy can be found in our paper at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177051</p>
Dataset Mayen et al_Temporal variations of water carbon and atmospheric carbon dioxide fluxes in a temperate salt marsh and influence of aquatic metabolism
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Data & model products from "Identification of carbon dioxide in an exoplanet atmosphere"
<p>Associated Publication: <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05269-w">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05269-w</a><br> <br> OVERVIEW: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a key chemical species that is found in a wide range of planetary atmospheres. In the context of exoplanets, CO2 is an indicator of the metal enrichment (i.e., elements heavier than helium, also called “metallicity”), and thus formation processes of the primary atmospheres of hot gas giants. It is also one of the most promising species to detect in the secondary atmospheres of terrestrial exoplanets. Previous photometric measurements of transiting planets with the Spitzer Space Telescope have given hints of the presence of CO2, but have not yielded definitive detections due to the lack of unambiguous spectroscopic identification. Here we present the detection of CO2 in the atmosphere of the gas giant exoplanet WASP-39b from transmission spectroscopy observations obtained with JWST as part of the Early Release Science Program (ERS). The data used in this study span 3.0 - 5.5 µm in wavelength and show a prominent CO2 absorption feature at 4.3 µm (26σ significance). The overall spectrum is well matched by one-dimensional, 10x solar metallicity models that assume radiative-convective-thermochemical equilibrium and have moderate cloud opacity. These models predict that the atmosphere should have water, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide in addition to CO2, but little methane. Furthermore, we also tentatively detect a small absorption feature near 4.0 µm that is not reproduced by these models.</p>
Atmospheric oxygen as a tracer for fossil fuel carbon dioxide: a sensitivity study in the UK
<p>Abstract. We investigate the use of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements for the estimation of the fossil fuel component of atmospheric CO2 in the UK. Atmospheric potential oxygen (APO) – a tracer that combines O2 and CO2, minimising the influence of terrestrial biosphere fluxes – is simulated at three sites in the UK, two of which have APO measurements. We present a set of model experiments that estimate the sensitivity of APO simulations to key inputs: fluxes from the ocean, fossil fuel flux magnitude and distribution, the APO baseline, and the ratio of O2 to CO2 fluxes from fossil fuel combustion and the terrestrial biosphere. To estimate the influence of uncertainties in ocean fluxes, we compared three ocean O2 flux estimates, from the NEMO – ERSEM and ECCO-Darwin ocean models, and the Jena Carboscope inversion. The sensitivity of APO to fossil fuel emission magnitudes and to terrestrial biosphere and fossil fuel exchange ratios was investigated through Monte Carlo sampling within literature uncertainty ranges, and by comparing different inventory estimates. Of the factors that could potentially compromise APO-derived fossil fuel CO2 estimates, we find that the ocean O2 flux estimate has the largest overall influence at the three sites in the UK. At times, this influence is comparable to the contribution to APO of simulated fossil fuel CO2. We find that simulations using different ocean fluxes differ from each other substantially, with no single estimate, or a simulation with zero ocean flux, providing a significantly closer fit to the observations. Furthermore, the uncertainty in the ocean contribution to APO could lead to uncertainty in defining an appropriate regional background from the data. Our findings suggest that the contribution of non-terrestrial sources need to be well accounted for, in order to reduce their potential influence on inferred fossil fuel CO2.</p>
Data from: Elevated atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide reduce monarch tolerance and increase parasite virulence by altering the medicinal properties of milkweeds
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Sea level elevation and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration data for 220 years
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Data from: Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations promote ant tending of aphids
1. Animal mutualisms, which involve beneficial interactions between individuals of different species, are common in nature. Insect-insect mutualism, for example, is widely regarded as a keystone ecological interaction. Some mutualisms are anticipated to be modified by climate change, but the focus has largely been on plant-microbe and plant-animal mutualisms rather than those between animals. 2. Ant-aphid mutualisms, whereby ants tend aphids to harvest their honeydew excretions and, in return, provide protection for the aphids are widespread. The mutualism is heavily influenced by the quality and quantity of honeydew produced by aphids, which is directly affected by host plant quality. Since predicted increases in concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) are widely reported to affect plant nutritional chemistry, this may also alter honeydew quality and hence the nature of ant-aphid mutualisms. 3. Using glasshouse chambers and field-based open top chambers we determined the effect of eCO2 on the growth and nutritional quality (foliar amino acids) of lucerne (Medicago sativa). We determined how cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) populations and honeydew production were impacted when feeding on such plants and how this affected the tending behaviour of ants (Iridomyrmex spp.). 4. eCO2 stimulated plant growth but decreased concentrations of foliar amino acids by 29% and 14% on aphid-infested plants and aphid-free plants, respectively. Despite the deterioration in host plant quality under eCO2, aphids maintained performance and populations were unchanged by eCO2. Aphids induced higher concentrations of amino acids (glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid) important for endosymbiont-mediated synthesis of essential amino acids. Aphids feeding under eCO2 also produced over three times more honeydew than aphids feeding under ambient CO2., suggesting they were imbibing more phloem sap at eCO2. The frequency of ant tending of aphids more than doubled in response to eCO2. 5. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the effects of atmospheric change on an ant-aphid mutualism. In particular, these results highlight how impending changes to concentrations of atmospheric CO2 may alter mutualistic behaviour between animals. These could include positive impacts, as reported here, shifts from mutualism to antagonism, partner switches and mutualism abandonment.
Average Annual Atmospheric CO2 (ppm) with Average Regional Surface Downward Mass Flux of Carbon Dioxide Expressed as Carbon (molC_m²_yr)
<p>The fluctuation in both atmospheric CO2 and regional surface downward mass flux of carbon dioxide expressed as carbon. The annual data for both variable is taken from average monthly measured data.</p>
Sulfites and Sulfates Formed by Weathering of Early Martian Carbonates in a Sulfur Dioxide-Bearing Atmosphere
<p>This data package contains the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared reflectance data acquired on the samples of carbonates altered in SO2/H2O or SO2/H2O/H2O2 atmospheres (pressure 0.8 bar, temperature 25C). The package also included pictures of the samples after alteration in the two simulated atmospheres. </p>
No increase is detected and modelled for the seasonal cycle amplitude of δ13C of atmospheric carbon dioxide: scripts and data to prepare figures
<p>The file contains the scripts and data to plot the graphics displayed in Joos et al., No increase is detected and modelled for the seasonal cycle amplitude of δ13C of atmospheric carbon dioxide, Biogeosciences, in press, November 2024.</p>
Full-coverage, 1-km atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) dataset across China
<p>We employed an enhanced regression-based machine learning model to reconstruct full-coverage daily atmospheric CO2 concentrations in China from 2015 to 2020 at a 0.01° spatial resolution. Utilizing spatiotemporal high-resolution column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO2 (XCO2) data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) as the dependent variable and multi-source environmental factors as independent variables, we achieved overall, spatial, and temporal cross-validation R2 [RMSE] results of 0.98 [0.74 ppm], 0.95 [1.15 ppm], and 0.93 [1.44 ppm], respectively. </p> <p> </p> <p>The annual mean and monthly mean data are archieved in Geotiff format. If you want to use this dataset, please cite the following publication. If you want to more data (e.g., daily XCO2 estimates), please contact us via qqhe@whut.edu.cn.</p> <p>--He, Q., Ye, T., Chen, X., Dong, H., Wang, W., Liang, Y., & Li, Y. (2023). Full-coverage mapping high-resolution atmospheric CO2 concentrations in China from 2015 to 2020: Spatiotemporal variations and coupled trends with particulate pollution. <em>Journal of Cleaner Production</em>, 139290. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139290">url</a>]</p> <p> </p> <p>If you want daily data, please go to <a href="13623590">10.5281/zenodo.13623590</a>. If you have any questions or suggestions, please contact us via qqhe@whut.edu.cn.</p> <p> </p> <p>If you want more atmospheric-related datasets, e.g., full-coverage, 1-km AOD and PM2.5 datasets over China, please go to <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7229348">10.5281/zenodo.7229348.</a></p>
Data from: Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations promote ant tending of aphids
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.