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4 results for “automated telemetry”
Dataset for Evaluating habitat-specific interference in automated radio telemetry systems: implications for animal movement studies
<h1>Abstract </h1> <p>Automated radio telemetry systems have become a popular and invaluable tool in tracking the activity and movement of wild animals. However, many environmental conditions can hinder accuracy when tracking with this technology. For instance, study sites may contain multiple habitat types, each habitat uniquely affecting the signal strength received from tagged species. To investigate the influence of a structurally diverse study site on an automated radio telemetry system, we conducted this project at a restored and managed pine barren habitat that consisted of a mix of mature pitch pine, treated pitch pine, scrub oak, and hardwood forests. This site, Montague Plains Wildlife Management Area, Montague, Massachusetts, is also a known breeding ground for Eastern whip-poor-will (Antrostomus vociferus). To measure the relationship of radio signal strength with distance across each habitat, we used radio telemetry equipment manufactured by Cellular Tracking Technologies. We produced negative exponential decay functions measuring radio signal strength over distance and tested for differences among habitat types on radio signal strength (RSS). We found that decay function parameters significantly differed by habitat type, prompting us to investigate if accounting for these differences improved location estimate accuracy. To test this, we estimated known locations using trilateration methods with and without habitat calibration. Comparing these tests indicates that habitat-specific adjustments significantly improved location accuracy. Lastly, we visualized estimated RSS-based locations of one week of whip-poor-will data and compared them to GPS data generated from the same individual. Previous studies have accounted for types of environmental interference (like elevation) in the field but have avoided incorporating habitat-specific factors by working with node networks covering a relatively small area, but in this study, we examined the potential to scale up for larger areas and in more complex habitats.</p> <p> </p>
Tracking small animals in complex landscapes: a comparison of localisation workflows for automated radio telemetry systems
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Locating large insects using automated VHF radio telemetry with a multi-antennae array
<p>1. We describe an automated radio telemetry system (ARTS) designed for estimating the location of 0.50g butterflies that was constructed with commercially available materials. Previously described systems were not designed to estimate fine-scale locations of large insects within approximately 200m$^2$ study areas.</p> <p>2. The ARTS consists of four receiving stations. Each receiving station has four 3-element, directional Yagi antennae (separated by 60\si{\degree}) connected to an automated receiver that records detected power sequentially from each antenna. To develop and evaluate the ARTS performance, four receiving stations were installed in the corners of 4-ha and 6.25-ha square fields with varying heights of vegetative cover. The location of a 0.22g transmitter was estimated with a statistical method implementing both distance- and angle-power relationships. Calibrated model parameters were based on power detected from transmitters at known locations. Using independently collected data, model performance was evaluated based on estimated locations of a georeferenced stationary transmitter, a moving transmitter with a known georeferenced path, and a transmitter attached to a monarch butterfly (\textit{Danaus plexippus}). Estimated locations were calculated as frequently as every 5 seconds, which is at least 12 times greater than the sampling frequency previously reported for tracking insects.</p> <p>3. When sufficient power data was received, the median estimated locations of a transmitter attached to an investigator's hat were $<$16m from the true location. The median effective radius of the 95\% confidence ellipse was 18.3m for stationary targets and 15.9m for a moving transmitter. Greater error in location estimation was expected when the transmitter was attached to a monarch butterfly due to interference from vegetation and variability in antenna orientation and transmitter height. As such, the median distance between the estimated and true locations was 72m. After applying a correction for the effect of vegetation, median location error was reduced by 12m.</p> <p>4. While our ARTS has likely reached the limit of current technology, the system is still a substantial methodological advancement for locating butterflies. Our efforts should provide a benchmark as technology improves.</p>
Locating large insects using automated VHF radio telemetry with a multi-antennae array
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