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836 results for “avoidance”
Neuroanatomical correlates of approach-avoidance conflict (fMRI)
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The exercise paradox: Avoiding physical inactivity stimuli requires higher response inhibition
<p><strong>Dataset related to the paper on Response inhibition to physical inactivity stimuli using go/no-go tasks. </strong></p> <p>This dataset includes:</p> <p><strong>1) A codebook (including the name of the main variables)</strong></p> <p>--> "code_book_Go_noGo_Miller.xlsx"</p> <p><strong>2) Raw data of the behavioral outcomes (i.e., reaction times) of the affective go/no-go task</strong></p> <p>--> "corrected.behavioral.data.csv"</p> <p>--> "correct_Order.csv"</p> <p><strong>3) Self-reported data </strong></p> <p>--> "Self_report_data.csv"</p> <p><strong>3) EEG data </strong></p> <p>--> "gng_data"</p> <p><strong>5) R script for the data management (i.e., from the raw data to data ready to be analyzed)</strong></p> <p>--> "Data_management_Self_report_go_no_go_Miller.R" for the self-reported data (return the file: "Data_SR_final.RData")</p> <p>--> "Data_management_behav_go_no_go_Miller.R" for the behavioral outcomes (return the file: "Data_GNG_behav.RData")</p> <p>--> Data ready to be analyzed "Data_GNG_final_all.RData"</p> <p><strong>6) Eprime script for the affective go/no-go task ("Go_no_go_task.zip")</strong></p> <p>--> Images depicting physical activity and physical inactivity stimuli were kindly Share by Kullmann et al. (2014)</p> <p><strong>7) R script for the models tested</strong></p> <p><strong>--> "</strong>Models_GoNogo_Miller_VZenodo.R" for behavioral data</p> <p>--> "Models_EEG_GoNogo.R" for EEG data</p>
Synthetic Collision Dataset for Spacecraft Collision Avoidance
<p>This dataset is intended to be used as a banchmark for testing collision avoidance strategies.</p> <p>It is made of 21000000 relative geometries between LEO space objects, 1000 of which are true collision (miss-distance smaller than combined hard body radius).<br>These relative geometries are expressed as target and chaser 6-dimensional state vectors (cartesian coordinates) at time of closest approach.</p> <p>The relative geometry of the encounters are statistically matched to the ESA's Kelvins dataset for the collision avoidance challenge through statistical fitting methods.</p> <p>The collision proportion is tuned to reflect a 1year mission in LEO orbit with an a-priori collision probability of 1e-3 (yearly) and a 21 collision warnings per year.</p> <p>*<em><strong> Implementation Description *</strong></em></p> <p>The dataset is made of a series of .mat files storing the following variables:</p> <div> <ul> <li>'rv_t', target's cartesian state at TCA (km, km/s, in ECI) 6xN vector</li> <li>'rv_c', chaser's cartesian state at TCA (km, km/s, in ECI) 6xN vector </li> <li>'Ct', target's position covariance matrix at TCA (km^2, in target's RTN at TCA) 3x3xN </li> <li>'Cc', chaser's position covariance matrix at TCA (km^2, in chaser's RTN at TCA) 3x3xN </li> <li>'Rc', combined hard body radius (m) 1xN</li> <li>'CollFlag', logic value of collision 1xN (0: no-collision, 1: collision)</li> <li>'missDistance', miss distance at TCA (km) Nx1</li> </ul> <p>The name of the .mat file is formatted as:</p> <p>batch_<batch start index>.mat</p> <p>Each batch file has a maximum dimension of N = 1e5.</p> </div>
Avoided crossing in gravitational wave spectra from protoneutron star
<p>The data of the gravitational wavefroms of core-collapse supernovae, which are used in Sotani and Takiwaki (2020), Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 498, Issue 3, pp.3503-3512.</p> <p>Data Format:</p> <p>The data are in ASCII format and the two columns are1:time time since bounce in sec</p> <p>2:hplus plus polarization of the GW amplitude. We assume the source distance of 10 kpc.</p> <p>The data are sampled at ~10 kHz, but, the sampling is not uniform in time. Therefore resampling might be necessary.</p>
Data of "Towards a More Reliable Forecast of Ice Supersaturation: Concept of a One-Moment Ice Cloud Scheme that Avoids Saturation Adjustment"
<p>These are the data used for generating the figures in the ACP article "Towards a More Reliable Forecast of Ice Supersaturation: Concept of a One-Moment Ice Cloud Scheme that Avoids Saturation Adjustment" by Sperber and Gierens.</p> <p>The data sets labeled "Box" have been generated by the stochastic box model, "adj" refers to the parameterisation using saturation adjustment and data labeled "par" originate from the newly developed parameterisation.</p> <p>The label "const" followed by a number refers to simulations with a constant updraught of the speed specified by the number in cm/s. The label "cos" refers to the simulations in which the updraught velocity follows a cosine function in time.</p> <p>"a10" labels simulations with less initial clear sky humidity fluctuations of plus/minus 10% instead of plus/minus 25%. "al0028" labels simulations with a higher deposition rate of 0.0028 1/s instead of 0.0003 1/s. "step10" labels simulations with a longer time step of 10 minutes instead of 1 minute.</p> <p>"Box_const2_rh1.txt" contains data from a simulation similar to "Box_const2.txt" but with an initial mean relative humidity of 100% instead of 110%. "Box_het.txt" contains data from a simulation including heterogeneous nucleation. "Box_slow_nuc.txt" contains data from a simulation where the deposition rate increases over time from zero after nucleation in every air parcel. "Box_upvar.txt" contains data from a simulation, where the updraught velocity in every air parcel varies randomly between 1 cm/s and 3 cm/s and the deposition rate inside the air parcel depends on the updraught velocity at the time of nucleation.</p> <p> </p> <p>The columns in the "Box" files represent from left to right:</p> <p>1. Time since the simulation start in s</p> <p>2. Cloud fraction</p> <p>3. Mean relative humidity across all air parcels</p> <p>4. Mean specific humidity across all air parcels</p> <p>5. Mean specific ice content across all air parcels</p> <p>6. Mean relative humidity across all cloudy air parcels</p> <p>7. Mean relative humidity across all clear air parcels</p> <p>8. Mean equilibrium supersaturation</p> <p>9. Mean threshold relative humidity for homogeneous nucleation</p> <p>10. Mean deposition rate across all cloudy air parcels</p> <p>11. Mean updraught velocity</p> <p> </p> <p>The columns in the "adj" files represent from left to right:</p> <p>1. Time since the simulation start in s</p> <p>2. Cloud fraction</p> <p>3. Mean relative humidity</p> <p>4. Mean specific humidity</p> <p>5. Mean specific ice content</p> <p>6. In-cloud Humidity</p> <p>7. Clear sky humidity</p> <p> </p> <p>The columns in the "par" files represent from left to right:</p> <p>1. Time since the simulation start in s</p> <p>2. Cloud fraction</p> <p>3. Mean relative humidity</p> <p>4. Mean specific humidity</p> <p>5. Mean specific ice content</p> <p>6. In-cloud Humidity</p> <p>7. Clear sky humidity</p> <p>8. Obsolete</p> <p>9. Equilibrium supersaturation</p>
Data for 'Genetic variation in trophic avoidance shows fruit flies are generally attracted to bacterial pathogens'
<p>Raw data dn R code for the analysis of data dn generation of all figures in the above referenced paper. Descriptions of each data file are included wihtin the R script. </p>
Raw data of the study: Categorizing urban avoiders, utilizers, and dwellers for identifying bird conservation priorities in a northern Andean city
<p>This datasheet contains raw data on bird count records made from 2016 and 2019. Data were taken in urban and adjacent non-urban areas of Medellín, Colombia. It was part of a collaborative sampling effort during environmental assessments and personal research, summarizing systematic information on 139 sampling points (124 within the city and 15 in adjacent non-urban areas). All points were sampled under the same protocol in order to facilited data for research; in all cases, sampling was in charge of ornithologist with at least 4 years of previous experience in bird surveys. This protocol consisted in sampling during 10 minutes, four times per point (i.e., repetitions), using a fixed radius of 25 m. </p> <p>Information on bird surveys (Count_Data within the corresponding datasheet tab) contains the ID of each site; whether corresponded to a urban or non-urban site; in what category of urban development the site was located, based on 1000, 500 and 200 m buffers (from the observer during bird counts: moderate, low or high); the taxonomic information of each species (order, family, scientific name); the number of recorded individuals; the repetition or number of the visit (1, 2, 3, or 4); the name of the project; the name of the observer, and the date of sampling. </p> <p>Information on categorization of bird species (Categorization within the corresponding datasheet tab) represents additional information on altitudinal ranges, trophic guilds, distribution, and others. In addition, information on frequency for each bird species is given, according to the location of each sampling site and the way it was grouped. This information was the base for categorizing bird species as urban avoider, utilizer, or dweller, under the calculations and decision rules that are also given within the corresponding cells of the datasheet.</p> <p>Any further information or questions about this data could be ask directly, writing to the e-mails: jgarizabal@unal.edu.co or njmacer@unal.edu.co.</p> <p> </p>
Ferry et al. 2024 - Prey that is attractive but not repelled by predators suggests an asymmetric investment in the encounter-avoid-escape sequence. - R Code and Datasets
<p>R code for formating data and running PAMMs for all different combinations of predator-prey.</p> <p>Data of camera trap observation.</p> <p>Data of environmental variable associated to camera trap sites.</p>
FESOM-REcoM model data: A regime shift on Weddell Sea continental shelves with local and remote physical-biogeochemical implications is avoidable in a 2°C scenario
<p>This data set includes the minimal data necessary to reproduce the findings of Nissen et al. (2023). Output of model simulations with the global ocean biogeochemical model FESOM1.4-REcoM2 is provided. In particular, besides information on the model grid, the data set includes annual mean water mass properties (temperature, salinity, density, oxygen, pH) and freshwater fluxes from sea ice and ice shelves and decadal averages of air-sea CO2 fluxes and deep-ocean carbon accumulation rates. Model results are provided from 1980-2100 for the four emission scenarios SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 (sorted from low emission to high emission).</p> <p>Please see README for more information on the individual files. </p> <p>Data set belongs to: </p> <p>Nissen, C., R. Timmermann, M. Hoppema, and J. Hauck, 2023: A regime shift on Weddell Sea continental shelves with local and remote physical-biogeochemical implications is avoidable in a 2°C scenario. <em>J. Climate</em>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0926.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0926.1</a>, in press.</p>
iCub Joint Space Self-Collision Avoidance [Data & Code]
<p>These data files containg code sources for dataset creation & model learning (Joint-Space-SCA.zip) and collected synthetic dataset of free & collided postures for humanoid robot iCub (raw_binary_data.zip). Follow the Readme.MD files to launch the code if needed.</p><p>Corresponding Git repo: https://github.com/epfl-lasa/Joint-Space-SCA</p><p> </p>
How to transport veterinary drugs in insulated boxes to avoid thermal damage by heating or freezing
<p><strong>Documentation of the empiric data, measured in the heating and cooling chamber to determine the thermal constant for the investigated transport boxes.</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Background: </strong>The transport of veterinary drugs must comply with the general standards for drug storage. Although many vehicles are equipped with active heating and/or cooling devices assuring recommended storage conditions, simple insulated transport boxes are also often used. In this study, measurements for typical transport boxes were performed under laboratory conditions by the use of a climate chamber for a temperature of -20°C and 45°C to investigate the impact of box size, insulation material, liquid vs. dry filling products, filling degree and other parameters on the thermal performance of insulated boxes. Model calculations and instructions are presented to predict the retention time of recommended drug storage temperatures.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The measurements and the model calculations showed that the loading of the transport boxes with additional water bottles to increase the heat capacity is appropriate to prolong the retention time of the recommended temperature range of the drugs. Insulated transport boxes are not suitable to store drugs over a period of more than approximately 12 hours. For practical use, a recipe is presented to measure the thermal properties of a transport box and the related retention time for which the recommended storage temperatures can be assured.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The following principles for drug transportation in vehicles are recommended: (1) Before transfer into boxes, drugs should always be thermally preconditioned (2) Increase the filling degree of the boxes with thermally preconditioned water bottles or re-usable thermal packs will increase the heat capacity. Do not deep-freeze the bottles or packs below 0°C to avoid drug freezing due to contact. (3) Open the lid of the boxes only to uncase drugs that are immediately needed. (4) The bigger the box and the higher the filling degree, the longer the retention time of the transport box. (5) Wherever possible, place the drug box at a cool site inside the vehicle. (6) The monitoring of the inside temperature of the transport boxes is recommended. <br> By the proper use of such transport boxes the recommended temperatures can be maintained over one working day.</p> <p> </p>
CRAN Checks' Avoidance
<p>Dataset corresponding to the publication "On the Developers' Attitude Towards CRAN Checks", accepted for publication at ICPC 2022, ERA track.</p>
Avoiding high frequency thermoacoustic instabilities in cyrogenic rocket engines using Bayesian deep learning
<p>Destructive high-frequency thermoacoustic instabilities have afflicted liquid propellant rocket engine development for decades. The 90 MW cryogenic liquid oxygen/hydrogen multi-injector research combustor BKD operated by DLR Lampoldshausen is a platform that allows their study under realistic conditions. In this study, we use data from BKD experimental campaigns where the static chamber pressure and reactor-oxidizer ratio were varied such that the first tangential mode of the combustor is excited under some conditions. We train a Bayesian neural network to predict the occurence probability of thermoacoustic instabilities 500 ms in the future, given the power spectra of the most recent 300 ms sample of the dynamic pressure data and mass flowrate control signals as input. The Bayesian nature of our algorithms allow us to work in this "small data" setting where the size of our dataset is restricted by the effort and expense associated with each experimental run, without making overconfident extrapolations. We find that the network is able to accurately forecast the occurence probability of instabilities on unseen experimental runs. We envision that these algorithms will eventually be used online by rocket engine controllers to avoid regions of thermoacoustic instabilities.</p> <p> </p>
Optomotor response (eye movment) and avoidance responses (locomotor activity) of crabs Neohelice granulata for LP-lesioned, control lesioned and control crabs
<p>When an animal rotates (whether it is an arthropod, a fish, a bird, or a human) a drift of the visual panorama occurs over its retina, termed optic flow. The image motion is stabilized by compensatory behaviors (driven by the movement of the eyes, head or the whole body depending on the animal) collectively termed optomotor response (OR). Dipteran lobula plate has been consistently linked with optic flow processing and the control of optomotor responses. Crabs have a neuropil similarly located and interconnected in the optic lobes, therefore referred to as a lobula plate also. Here we show that the crab's lobula plate is required for normal optomotor response since the response was lost or severely impaired in animals whose lobula plate had been lesioned. The effect was behavior-specific, since avoidance responses to approaching visual stimuli were not affected. Crabs require simpler optic flow processing than flies (because they move slower and in 2D instead of 3D), consequently their lobula plates are relatively smaller. Nonetheless, they perform the same essential role in the visual control of behavior. Our findings add a fundamental piece to the current debate on the evolutionary relationship between the lobula plates of insects and crustaceans.</p>
Research data: Counterfactual assessment of protected area avoided deforestation in Cambodia version 4
<p>This dataset includes the data, the R scripts used for analysis and results that are the basis of the journal article: Black, B., Anthony, B. In review. Counterfactual assessment of protected area avoided deforestation in Cambodia: Trends in effectiveness, spillover effects and the influence of establishment date. Global Ecology and Conservation.</p> <p>Each folder includes a specific readme file in .txt format which includes metadata and instructions for reproducing the research.</p> <p> </p>
Data and code for Zheng et al. Contrasting coloured ventral wings are a visual collision avoidance signal in birds
<p>This repository contains codes and data for Zheng et al. Contrasting coloured ventral wings are a visual collision avoidance signal in birds. We have three folders, each containing one of the three datasets of contrast scores of avian ventral wings. These include the mean manual contrast ventral wing scores for 1780 species, a subset of 1745 diurnal species, 648 species with high-resolution museum ventral images, and the mean Root-Mean-Square (RMS) contrast ventral wing scores for the same 648 species. We tested the collision avoidance hypothesis for each dataset by assessing the relationships between the contrast scores and ecological traits. We used the Bayesian Generalized Linear Mixed Models in MCMCglmm with considering the phylogenetic relatedness among species and the uncertainties of 100 phylogenetic trees (downloaded in birdtree.org). We included body mass, flock size, coloniality (colonial vs. non-colonial breeding species), activity time (nocturnal vs. diurnal), the number of sympatric predators, and the interaction between coloniality and body mass as the predictors. In each folder, we included four files, including an R source file, a dataset containing the contrast scores and the ecological traits of the corresponding species, and a tree file containing 100 randomly sampled phylogenetic trees among these species. See the Methods of the paper for detail. </p>
Broad-scale patterns of geographic avoidance between species emerge in the absence of fine-scale mechanisms of coexistence
<p>Aim: The need to forecast range shifts under future climate change has motivated an increasing interest in better understanding the role of biotic interactions in driving diversity patterns. The contribution of biotic interactions to shaping broad-scale species distributions is however, still debated, partly due to the difficulty of detecting their effects. We aim to test whether spatial exclusion between potentially competing species can be detected at the species range scale, and whether this pattern relates to fine-scale mechanisms of coexistence.</p> <p>Location: Western Palearctic</p> <p>Time period: Anthropocene</p> <p>Taxa: bats (Chiroptera)</p> <p>Methods: We develop and evaluate a measure of geographic avoidance that uses outputs of species distribution models to quantify geographic exclusion patterns expected if interspecific competition affects broad-scale distributions. We apply the measure to 10 Palearctic bat species belonging to four morphologically similar cryptic groups in which competition is likely to occur. We compare outputs to null models based on pairs of virtual species and to expectations based on ecological similarity and fine-scale coexistence mechanisms. We project changes in range suitability under climate change taking into account effects of geographic avoidance.</p> <p>Results: Values of geographic avoidance were above null expectations for two cryptic species pairs, suggesting that interspecific competition could have contributed to shaping their broad-scale distributions. These two pairs showed highest levels of ecological similarity and no trophic or habitat partitioning. Considering the role of competition modified predictions of future range suitability.</p> <p>Conclusions: Our results support the role of interspecific competition in limiting the geographic ranges of morphologically similar species in the absence of fine-scale mechanisms of coexistence. This study highlights the importance of incorporating biotic interactions into predictive models of range shifts under climate change, and the need for further integration of community ecology with species distribution models to understand the role of competition in ecology and biogeography.</p>
Pest defenses under weak selection exert a limited influence on the evolution of height growth and drought avoidance in marginal pine populations
<p>Whilst droughts, intensified by climate change, have been affecting forests worldwide, pest epidemics are a major source of uncertainty for assessing drought impacts on forest trees. Thus far, little information has documented the adaptability and evolvability of traits related to drought and pests simultaneously. We conducted common-garden experiments to investigate how several phenotypic traits (i.e., height growth, drought avoidance based on water-use efficiency inferred from δ<sup>13</sup>C, and pest resistance based on defense traits) interact in five mature lodgepole pine populations established in four progeny trials in western Canada. The relevance of interpopulation variation in climate sensitivity highlighted that seed-source warm populations had greater adaptive capability than cold populations. In test sites, warming generated taller trees with higher δ<sup>13</sup>C and increased the evolutionary potential of height growth and δ<sup>13</sup>C across populations. We found, however, no pronounced gradient in defenses and their evolutionary potential along populations or test sites. Response to selection was weak in defenses across test sites, but high for height growth, particularly at warm test sites. Response to selection of δ<sup>13</sup>C varied depending on its selective strength relative to height growth. We conclude that warming could promote the adaptability and evolvability of growth response and drought avoidance with limited evolutionary influence from pest (biotic) pressures.</p>
Text-fig. 4. Juglandaceae Carya (a–w). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–d: USNM PAL 772352, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Obliquelateral view of nut, apex up. b: Basal view with damage to left and clear depiction of meridional grooves. c, d: Two lateral views oriented about 130° from each other and avoiding the area of damage; the meridional grooves clear in (c). e–l: USNM PAL 772350. e: Intact nut, lateral view, apex up, reflected light. f: One half of split nut revealing in situ chalcedony locule cast, reflected light. g–k: Virtual sections from micro-CT data. g: Longitudinal section parallel to the exposed face in (f). h: Longitudinal section at 90° from (g). i: Transverse section in apical 1/3 showing locule bracketed by C-shaped lacunae (arrows). j: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of the locule separated by primary septum, lacuna evident below as white line. k: Transverse section near base in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.
Text-fig. 4. Juglandaceae Carya (a–w). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–d: USNM PAL 772352, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Obliquelateral view of nut, apex up. b: Basal view with damage to left and clear depiction of meridional grooves. c, d: Two lateral views oriented about 130° from each other and avoiding the area of damage; the meridional grooves clear in (c). e–l: USNM PAL 772350. e: Intact nut, lateral view, apex up, reflected light. f: One half of split nut revealing in situ chalcedony locule cast, reflected light. g–k: Virtual sections from micro-CT data. g: Longitudinal section parallel to the exposed face in (f). h: Longitudinal section at 90° from (g). i: Transverse section in apical 1/3 showing locule bracketed by C-shaped lacunae (arrows). j: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of the locule separated by primary septum, lacuna evident below as white line. k: Transverse section near base
Data from: Human avoidance, selection for darkness and prey activity explain wolf diel activity in a highly cultivated landscape
<p>Wildlife that share habitats with humans with limited options for spatial avoidance must either tolerate frequent human encounters or concentrate their activity on those periods with the least risk of encountering people. Based on 5,259 camera trap images of adult wolves from eight territories, we analyzed the extent to which diel activity patterns in a highly cultivated landscape with extensive public access (Denmark) could be explained by diel variation in darkness, human activity, and prey (deer) activity. A resource selection function that contrasted every camera observation (use) with 24 alternative hourly observations from the same day (availability), revealed that diel activity correlated with all three factors simultaneously with human activity having the strongest effect (negative), followed by darkness (positive) and deer activity (positive). A model incorporating these three effects had lower parsimony and classified use and availability observations just as well as a 'circadian' model that smoothed the use-availability ratio as a function of time of the day. Most of the selection for darkness was explained by variation in human activity, supporting the notion that nocturnality (proportion of observations registered at night vs. day at the equinox) is a proxy for temporal human avoidance. Contrary to our expectations, wolves were no more nocturnal in territories with unrestricted public access than in territories where public access was restricted to roads, possibly because wolves in all territories had few possibilities to walk more than a few hundred meters without crossing roads. Overall, Danish wolf packs were 6.5 (95% CI: 4.6-9.6) times more active at night than at daylight, which makes them amongst the most nocturnally active wolves reported so far. These results confirm the prediction that wolves in habitats with limited options for spatial human avoidance, invest more in temporal avoidance.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.