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13 results for “awn”
Data required for "Redefining awn development in rice through the breeding history of Japanese awn reduction"
<p>The study challenges the conventional understanding of awn loss as a domestication syndrome, showing instead that many awned varieties continued to be widely grown in Japan until the early twentieth century and that selection for awn reduction was active at that time, demonstrating that awn loss is not a domestication syndrome but “a trait that emerged during crop improvement”. Although selection for awnless mutants was carried out independently using different types of awned cultivars in the early twentieth century in Japan, awn loss was caused by the mutation in <em>OsEPFL1</em>. This suggests that a single mutant haplotype of <em>OsEPFL1</em> was conserved in the genomes of different cultivars and subsequently selected within each line to meet the demand for awnless varieties. The study also conducts phylogenetic analyses of EPFL1 in 48 grass plants, revealing its unique involvement in awn formation in rice while potentially playing a different role in the domestication of other grass plants. Finally, an attempt is made to isolate an awn-forming gene that has not been identified from the awned rice cultivar “Omachi”, which is still cultivated in Japan. The results presented in this paper provide a new perspective on domestication against the conventional understanding of awn development, shedding light on its potential as a useful organ for breeding to mitigate environmental stress.</p>
On following pages: 51. Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros calcaratus); 52. awn-colored Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros galeritus); 55. Aba Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros abae); 56. Benito Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros beatus}; 57. Sundevall's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lamottei); 60. Noack's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ruber}; 61. Maghreb Leaf-nosed (Hipposideros bicoloi}; 64. Short-headed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros breviceps}; 65. Least Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros cervinus}; 53. Cox's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros coxi}; 54. Cantor's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros caffed: 58. Sooty Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros fuliginosus); 59. Lamotte's Bat (Hipposideros tephrus}; 62. Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros atei]; 63. Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat cineraceus); 66. Large Mindanao Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros coronatus}. in Hipposideridae
On following pages: 51. Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros calcaratus); 52. awn-colored Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros galeritus); 55. Aba Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros abae); 56. Benito Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros beatus}; 57. Sundevall's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lamottei); 60. Noack's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ruber}; 61. Maghreb Leaf-nosed (Hipposideros bicoloi}; 64. Short-headed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros breviceps}; 65. Least Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros cervinus}; 53. Cox's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros coxi}; 54. Cantor's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros caffed: 58. Sooty Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros fuliginosus); 59. Lamotte's Bat (Hipposideros tephrus}; 62. Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros atei]; 63. Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat cineraceus); 66. Large Mindanao Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros coronatus}.
Data from: A morphometric approach in plumose and pappus-like awn South American stipoids
<p>Within grasses, the tribe Stipeae is highly specialized by the presence of only one fruit per spikelet and characterized by the diversity on the ornamentation of the floret. Our aim was to analyze similarities based on multi and uni-variate analyses among species reflecting evolutionary trends in American Stipeae: Jarava species with plumose awns, and species of Pappostipa, all characterized by pappus-like awns. Ordination analyses (Principal coordinates analysis and Cluster analysis) were used to determinate major groupings, while significant differences among groups were tested by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis based on a generalized linear model (GLM). We delimited five groups. Small floret characterizes Jarava annua, J. media and J. plumosula, although J. annua is clearly distinguished by the distribution of hairs in the awn column. Jarava subplumosa and J. psylantha are characterized by the pubescence of the culm, the length of the floret callus, the length of the awn subule, and the length of the awn hairs. Pappostipa is distinctive by having hairs only in the awn column that resemble a pappus while Jarava neaei + J. pogonathera present the longest inflorescences and hairs only in the awn subule, resembling a feather. As a result, we present a key to taxa and descriptions to help characterize and identify species within the Jarava-Pappostipa clade.</p>
Data from: Polyphyly of Arundinoideae (Poaceae) and evolution of the twisted geniculate lemma awn
Background and Aims: Subfamily Arundinoideae represents one of the last unsolved taxonomic mysteries in the grass family (Poaceae) due to the narrow and remote distributions of many of its 19 morphologically and ecologically heterogeneous genera. Resolving the phylogenetic relationships of these genera could have substantial implications for understanding character evolution in the grasses, for example the twisted geniculate awn – a hygroscopic awn that has been shown to be important in seed germination for some grass species. In this study, the phylogenetic positions of most arundinoid genera were determined using DNA from herbarium specimens, and their placement affects interpretation of this ecologically important trait. Methods: A phylogenetic analysis was conducted on a matrix of full-plastome sequences from 123 species in 107 genera representing all grass subfamilies, with 15 of the 19 genera in subfamily Arundinoideae. Parsimony and maximum likelihood mapping approaches were used to estimate ancestral states for presence of a geniculate lemma awn with a twisted column across Poaceae. Lastly, anatomical characters were examined for former arundinoid taxa using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Key Results: Four genera traditionally included in Arundinoideae fell outside the subfamily in the plastome phylogeny, with the remaining 11 genera forming Arundinoideae sensu stricto. The twisted geniculate awn has originated independently at least five times in the PACMAD grasses, in the subfamilies Panicoideae, Danthonioideae/Chloridoideae and Arundinoideae. Morphological and anatomical characters support the new positions of the misplaced arundinoid genera in the phylogeny, but also highlight convergent and parallel evolution in the grasses. Conclusions: In placing the majority of arundinoid genera in a phylogenetic framework, our study answers one of the last remaining big questions in grass taxonomy while highlighting examples of convergent evolution in an ecologically important trait, the hygroscopic, twisted geniculate awn.
FIGURE. Disc cypselae and pappus in Callilepis taxa. A. Scanning electron micrograph of the laterally compressed disc cypsela of C. laureola var. laureola with one long and one short awn (Bester 13813, PRE). B. Digital image of the inner ray floret of C. leptophylla with laterally compressed ovary, one long awn and one short awn (Van Vuuren 1307, PRE). C. and D. Scanning electron micrographs of the disc cypselae of C. lancifolia: C, with one pappus awn and scales and D, no pappus awns, only scales (Koekemoer 5555, PRE). in A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa
FIGURE. Disc cypselae and pappus in Callilepis taxa. A. Scanning electron micrograph of the laterally compressed disc cypsela of C. laureola var. laureola with one long and one short awn (Bester 13813, PRE). B. Digital image of the inner ray floret of C. leptophylla with laterally compressed ovary, one long awn and one short awn (Van Vuuren 1307, PRE). C. and D. Scanning electron micrographs of the disc cypselae of C. lancifolia: C, with one pappus awn and scales and D, no pappus awns, only scales (Koekemoer 5555, PRE).
FIGURE 5 in Lachnagrostis filiformis (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae: Agrostidinae) in México: known distribution and suppression of lemma awn development in terminal spikelets
FIGURE 5. Point locations of Lachnagrostis filiformis in the states of Guanajuato, México, Michoacán, Puebla and Querétaro (www. google.com.mx/maps/@20.0598534,-100.0700718,8.75z?hl=en. Imagery ©2018 DigitalGlobe, Map data ©2018 Google, INEGI).
FIGURE 2 in Lachnagrostis filiformis (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae: Agrostidinae) in México: known distribution and suppression of lemma awn development in terminal spikelets
FIGURE 2. Diagram of primary branches from two synflorescences of Lachnagrostis filiformis showing the number and position of the spikelets with awnless lemmas (circles). A = synflorescence with the lowest number of awnless lemmas and B = synflorescence with the highest number of awnless lemmas, of those examined.
FIGURE 1. Lachnagrostis filiformis. A. Plant. B. Ligule somewhat lacerated upwards. C. Spikelet. D in Lachnagrostis filiformis (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae: Agrostidinae) in México: known distribution and suppression of lemma awn development in terminal spikelets
FIGURE 1. Lachnagrostis filiformis. A. Plant. B. Ligule somewhat lacerated upwards. C. Spikelet. D. Ventral and dorsal view of awned lemmas. E. Ventral and dorsal view of awnless lemmas. E. Ventral and dorsal view of the caryopsis (Meagher 24-11-02 (IEB)). Illustrated by Alfonso Barbosa.
FIGURE 4 in Lachnagrostis filiformis (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae: Agrostidinae) in México: known distribution and suppression of lemma awn development in terminal spikelets
FIGURE 4. Lachnagrostis filiformis. Left: small sized plant; inset (lower left)—primary branch of the synflorescence with trichotomous branching; inset (center)—ligule. Right: tall sized plant (Rule = 20 cm).
FIGURE 3. Spikelets and lemmas. A. Spikelet with typically awned lemma. B. Spikelet with lemma with a reduced and apical awn. C in Lachnagrostis filiformis (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae: Agrostidinae) in México: known distribution and suppression of lemma awn development in terminal spikelets
FIGURE 3. Spikelets and lemmas. A. Spikelet with typically awned lemma. B. Spikelet with lemma with a reduced and apical awn. C. Pair of spikelets showing both awned (lower) and awnless (terminal) lemma. D. Lemma with a dorsal awn. E. Lemma with a subapical reduced awn. F. Awnless lemmas. F1. Immature lemma. F2. Mature lemma with caryopsis (Meagher 24-11-02 (IEB)).
Data from: A morphometric approach in plumose and pappus-like awn South American stipoids
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Data from: Polyphyly of Arundinoideae (Poaceae) and evolution of the twisted geniculate lemma awn
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
MADS1-regulated lemma and awn development benefits barley yield
GEO Series GSE228410. Hordeum vulgare. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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