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22 results for “axial scaling”
Text-fig. 10. Platanoxylon cf. haydenii, a, e, h: UF 279-34470; b, c, d, f g: UF 279-34469. a, b: Diffuse porous wood with vessels solitary and in small multiples, which are mostly tangential or oblique, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma., TS. c–e: Scalariform perforation plates. f, g: Opposite intervessel pits, TLS. h: Two size classes of rays, TLS. Platanus sp., UF 279- 24552. i: Predominantly solitary vessels, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates parenchyma, growth ring boundary distinct, noded rays, TS. j: Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. k: Body of ray with procumbent ray cells, RLS. l: Scalariform perforation plate, RLS. m: Rays of two sizes, wide rays>10-seriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, h, i, m; 100 µm in j, k: 50 µm in c, d, e, f, l. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 10. Platanoxylon cf. haydenii, a, e, h: UF 279-34470; b, c, d, f g: UF 279-34469. a, b: Diffuse porous wood with vessels solitary and in small multiples, which are mostly tangential or oblique, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma., TS. c–e: Scalariform perforation plates. f, g: Opposite intervessel pits, TLS. h: Two size classes of rays, TLS. Platanus sp., UF 279- 24552. i: Predominantly solitary vessels, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates parenchyma, growth ring boundary distinct, noded rays, TS. j: Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. k: Body of ray with procumbent ray cells, RLS. l: Scalariform perforation plate, RLS. m: Rays of two sizes, wide rays>10-seriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, h, i, m; 100 µm in j, k: 50 µm in c, d, e, f, l.
Text-fig. 9. Wataria kvacekii sp. nov., UF 279-24556. a: Wood ring-porous, earlywood with 2–3 rows of wide pores, vessels solitary and in radial multiples of 2, axial parenchyma scanty vasicentric and some apotracheal diffuse-in-aggregates, TS. b: Series of vessel elements with simple perforations, axial parenchyma strands adjacent to vessels, RLS. c: Alternate intervessel pitting, vessel element end walls horizontal, RLS. d: Vessel-axial parenchyma pitting similar to intervessel pitting, RLS. e, f: Rays with tile cells, storied axial parenchyma, some strands chambered crystalliferous, TLS. g: Detail of ray, TLS. h: Storied imperforate elements. Scale bars: 200 µm in a; 100 µm in b, e; 50 µm in c, d, f, h; 20 µm in g. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 9. Wataria kvacekii sp. nov., UF 279-24556. a: Wood ring-porous, earlywood with 2–3 rows of wide pores, vessels solitary and in radial multiples of 2, axial parenchyma scanty vasicentric and some apotracheal diffuse-in-aggregates, TS. b: Series of vessel elements with simple perforations, axial parenchyma strands adjacent to vessels, RLS. c: Alternate intervessel pitting, vessel element end walls horizontal, RLS. d: Vessel-axial parenchyma pitting similar to intervessel pitting, RLS. e, f: Rays with tile cells, storied axial parenchyma, some strands chambered crystalliferous, TLS. g: Detail of ray, TLS. h: Storied imperforate elements. Scale bars: 200 µm in a; 100 µm in b, e; 50 µm in c, d, f, h; 20 µm in g.
Text-fig. 8. Pterocaryoxylon sp., a–c, e: UF 279-85024; d, f: UF 279-24551. a, b: Wood semi-ring-porous, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, axial parenchyma scanty vasicentric, marginal, and in narrow lines, TS. c: Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, simple perforation plate (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-axial parenchyma pitting similar to intervessel pitting, RLS. e: Rays mostly 1–3 cells wide, occasionally 4 cells, uniseriate rays probably mostly square to upright cells, TLS. f: Rays heterocellular, body cells procumbent. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b; 100 µm in e, f; 50 µm in c; 20 µm in d. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 8. Pterocaryoxylon sp., a–c, e: UF 279-85024; d, f: UF 279-24551. a, b: Wood semi-ring-porous, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, axial parenchyma scanty vasicentric, marginal, and in narrow lines, TS. c: Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, simple perforation plate (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-axial parenchyma pitting similar to intervessel pitting, RLS. e: Rays mostly 1–3 cells wide, occasionally 4 cells, uniseriate rays probably mostly square to upright cells, TLS. f: Rays heterocellular, body cells procumbent. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b; 100 µm in e, f; 50 µm in c; 20 µm in d.
Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vessel elements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical, RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vessel elements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical, RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l.
Text-fig. 4. Fagus dodgei sp. nov., a, b, d–h: UF 279-34468; c: UF 279-30165. a: Wood diffuse-porous to semi-ring-porous with distinct latewood zone with narrower vessels; vessels solitary and in short multiples; diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma visible in latewood, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, TS. c: Opposite intervessel pitting, TLS. d: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars, RLS. e: Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. f: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders and frequently oval in outline, RLS. g: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate with variable numbers of marginal rows, TLS. h: Rays of two distinct sizes, widest rays>10-seriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, h; 100 µm in b, e, g; 50 µm in d, f. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 4. Fagus dodgei sp. nov., a, b, d–h: UF 279-34468; c: UF 279-30165. a: Wood diffuse-porous to semi-ring-porous with distinct latewood zone with narrower vessels; vessels solitary and in short multiples; diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma visible in latewood, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, TS. c: Opposite intervessel pitting, TLS. d: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars, RLS. e: Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. f: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders and frequently oval in outline, RLS. g: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate with variable numbers of marginal rows, TLS. h: Rays of two distinct sizes, widest rays>10-seriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, h; 100 µm in b, e, g; 50 µm in d, f.
Text-fig. 2. Celtis popsii sp. nov., UF 279-34460. a: Growth ring with earlywood of multiple rows of vessels solitary and in radial multiples; latewood vessels in wavy tangential bands, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, latewood vessels in multiples with axial parenchyma confluent, TS. c: Simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits to right of VRP, oval in outline, with slightly reduced borders, RLS. e: Rays tending to two sizes, some multiseriate rays with distinct sheath cells, multiseriate rays usually with 1 marginal row of square to upright cells, occasionally with 4 or more; uniseriate rays less than 10 cells high, TLS. f: Detail of multiseriate ray with distinct sheath cells, vessel element end walls, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, e; 100 µm in b; 50 µm in c, f; 20 µm in d. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 2. Celtis popsii sp. nov., UF 279-34460. a: Growth ring with earlywood of multiple rows of vessels solitary and in radial multiples; latewood vessels in wavy tangential bands, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, latewood vessels in multiples with axial parenchyma confluent, TS. c: Simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits to right of VRP, oval in outline, with slightly reduced borders, RLS. e: Rays tending to two sizes, some multiseriate rays with distinct sheath cells, multiseriate rays usually with 1 marginal row of square to upright cells, occasionally with 4 or more; uniseriate rays less than 10 cells high, TLS. f: Detail of multiseriate ray with distinct sheath cells, vessel element end walls, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, e; 100 µm in b; 50 µm in c, f; 20 µm in d.
Text-fig. 3. Cercidiphyllum cf. alalongum R.A.SCOTT et E.A.WHEELER, UF 279-24543. a, b: Diffuse-porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels, axial parenchyma rare, thick-walled fibers, TS. c: Scalariform perforation plate with more than 30 bars, RLS. d: Helical thickenings (HT) in vessel element tip, RLS. e: Opposite to scalariform intervessel pits, RLS. f, g: Heterocellular rays 1–2 cells wide, occasionally uniseriate and biseriate portions of similar width, TLS. h: Ray with alternating rows of procumbent and upright (-square) cells, RLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a; 100 µm in b, f; 50 µm in c, g, h; 20 µm in d, e. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 3. Cercidiphyllum cf. alalongum R.A.SCOTT et E.A.WHEELER, UF 279-24543. a, b: Diffuse-porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels, axial parenchyma rare, thick-walled fibers, TS. c: Scalariform perforation plate with more than 30 bars, RLS. d: Helical thickenings (HT) in vessel element tip, RLS. e: Opposite to scalariform intervessel pits, RLS. f, g: Heterocellular rays 1–2 cells wide, occasionally uniseriate and biseriate portions of similar width, TLS. h: Ray with alternating rows of procumbent and upright (-square) cells, RLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a; 100 µm in b, f; 50 µm in c, g, h; 20 µm in d, e.
Text-fig. 9. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum. in New Actinopterygians From The Permian Of The Brive Basin, And The Ichthyofaunas Of The French Massif Central
Text-fig. 9. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum.
Text-fig. 8. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen in lateral view, GMC 43, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen, imprint of the maxillary medial face with a distinctive horizontal lamina, lower jaw in lateral view, GMC 83, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: haemal arch of the axial skeleton and fragment of a strong undivided lepidotrichium, GMC 25, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the haemal arch, GMC 25, scale bar 5 mm; e: jugal in medial view with the infraorbital sensory canal and imprint of the sculpture on the lateral face of the bone, GMC 7, whitened, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: ha – haemal arch, hl – horizontal lamina, hs – haemal spine, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, lep – lepidotrichium. in New Actinopterygians From The Permian Of The Brive Basin, And The Ichthyofaunas Of The French Massif Central
Text-fig. 8. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen in lateral view, GMC 43, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen, imprint of the maxillary medial face with a distinctive horizontal lamina, lower jaw in lateral view, GMC 83, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: haemal arch of the axial skeleton and fragment of a strong undivided lepidotrichium, GMC 25, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the haemal arch, GMC 25, scale bar 5 mm; e: jugal in medial view with the infraorbital sensory canal and imprint of the sculpture on the lateral face of the bone, GMC 7, whitened, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: ha – haemal arch, hl – horizontal lamina, hs – haemal spine, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, lep – lepidotrichium.
Text-fig. 2: Microscopic photo of the wood from Kučlín (specimen No. G 4723, NM, transverse section) shoving growth ring boundary with markedly rounded tracheids and abundant axial parenchyma (dark cells) present both in late- and earlywood (scale bar = 100 µm). in Silicified Stem From The Late Eocene Fossil Locality Of Kučlín (Czech Republic): Overview And New Remarks
Text-fig. 2: Microscopic photo of the wood from Kučlín (specimen No. G 4723, NM, transverse section) shoving growth ring boundary with markedly rounded tracheids and abundant axial parenchyma (dark cells) present both in late- and earlywood (scale bar = 100 µm).
Data from: Identification of reindeer fine-scale foraging behaviour using tri-axial accelerometer data
<p>Animal behavioural responses to the environment ultimately affect their survival. Monitoring animal fine-scale behaviour may improve understanding of animal functional response to the environment and provide an important indicator of the welfare of both wild and domesticated species. In this study, we illustrate the application of collar-attached acceleration sensors for investigating reindeer fine-scale behaviour. Using data from 19 reindeer, we tested the supervised machine learning algorithms random forests, support vector machines, and hidden Markov models to classify reindeer behaviour into seven classes: grazing, browsing low from shrubs or browsing high from trees, inactivity, walking, trotting, and other behaviours. We implemented leave-one-subject-out cross-validation to assess generalizable results on new individuals. Our main results illustrated that hidden Markov models were able to classify collar-attached accelerometer data into all our pre-defined behaviours of reindeer with reasonable accuracy while random forests and support vector machines were biased towards dominant classes. Random forests using 5-second windows had the highest overall accuracy (85%), while hidden Markov models were able to best predict individual behaviours and handle rare behaviours such as trotting and browsing high. We conclude that hidden Markov models provide a useful tool to remotely monitor reindeer and potentially other large herbivore species behaviour. These methods will allow us to quantify fine-scale behavioural processes in relation to environmental events.</p>
Data from: Identification of reindeer fine-scale foraging behaviour using tri-axial accelerometer data
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FIGURE. Blades of C. spongifolia. A. Sub-marginal and marginal collective veins, with laminal tissue (2–4 mm) between. B. Marginal collective veins fused below shallow sinus. C. Underside with spongy appearance produced by "false pores"; and thick, rubbery texture indicated by axial wrinkles formed in crease. D. Underside showing primary vein and pinnate lateral veins surrounded by spongy tissue. E. Sub-stomatal cavities revealed by transmitted light (scale unit 0.25 mm), F. Sub-stomatal cavities revealed by removing lower epidermis (A–D: Mengla County, 2018. E–F: Bach Ma NP seedling, ex situ). Photos: PJM. in Colocasia spongifolia sp. nov. (Araceae) in southern China and central Vietnam
FIGURE. Blades of C. spongifolia. A. Sub-marginal and marginal collective veins, with laminal tissue (2–4 mm) between. B. Marginal collective veins fused below shallow sinus. C. Underside with spongy appearance produced by "false pores"; and thick, rubbery texture indicated by axial wrinkles formed in crease. D. Underside showing primary vein and pinnate lateral veins surrounded by spongy tissue. E. Sub-stomatal cavities revealed by transmitted light (scale unit 0.25 mm), F. Sub-stomatal cavities revealed by removing lower epidermis (A–D: Mengla County, 2018. E–F: Bach Ma NP seedling, ex situ). Photos: PJM.
FIGURES –. Rare taxa (SEM, New Caledonia, Melanesia). Cocconeis sp. 2 in Riaux-Gobin et al. 2015 (31, 32), short marginal SV striae between each short raised virgae (31, arrow; 32, arrowhead), SV narrow sternum, siliceous pearls (31), C. sp. 4 in Riaux-Gobin et al. 2015 (33–34), strong marginal crista marginalis, short marginal striae on top of each short raised virga (33, arrow; 34, arrowhead),?C. sp. 5 in Riaux-Gobin et al. 2015 (35–36), short SV striae and a raised axial structure (35, arrow). Scale bars = 3 µm (31), 2 µm (33, 35), 1 µm (32, 36), 500 nm (34). in Marine Achnanthales (Bacillariophyceae) from New Caledonia (Melanesia): assemblage specificities, ultramafic environment
FIGURES –. Rare taxa (SEM, New Caledonia, Melanesia). Cocconeis sp. 2 in Riaux-Gobin et al. 2015 (31, 32), short marginal SV striae between each short raised virgae (31, arrow; 32, arrowhead), SV narrow sternum, siliceous pearls (31), C. sp. 4 in Riaux-Gobin et al. 2015 (33–34), strong marginal crista marginalis, short marginal striae on top of each short raised virga (33, arrow; 34, arrowhead),?C. sp. 5 in Riaux-Gobin et al. 2015 (35–36), short SV striae and a raised axial structure (35, arrow). Scale bars = 3 µm (31), 2 µm (33, 35), 1 µm (32, 36), 500 nm (34).
FIGURES – 0. Cocconeis cf. delapunctata Hohn. SEM (New Caledonia, Melanesia). SV with axial void areas (external views 27–29, arrowheads), possible RV with areas devoid of areolae (30, arrowheads). Scale bars = 2 µm (27–30). in Marine Achnanthales (Bacillariophyceae) from New Caledonia (Melanesia): assemblage specificities, ultramafic environment
FIGURES – 0. Cocconeis cf. delapunctata Hohn. SEM (New Caledonia, Melanesia). SV with axial void areas (external views 27–29, arrowheads), possible RV with areas devoid of areolae (30, arrowheads). Scale bars = 2 µm (27–30).
FIGURES –. Cocconeis sp. (cf. C. bilicis F.Meister). SEM (New Caledonia, Melanesia). Different specimens with SV sectors separated (or not) by a crista marginalis (21, 24), SV striae uniseriae near the sternum and biseriate thereafter (21, 24), SV areolae lumen with circular ornamentation (23, arrow), crista marginalis (22), SVVC in advalvar view with digit fimbriae (25, arrowhead), large RV axial concave area (26). Scale bars = 6 µm (24), 5 µm (26), 4 µm (21), 3 µm (25), 1 µm (22–23). in Marine Achnanthales (Bacillariophyceae) from New Caledonia (Melanesia): assemblage specificities, ultramafic environment
FIGURES –. Cocconeis sp. (cf. C. bilicis F.Meister). SEM (New Caledonia, Melanesia). Different specimens with SV sectors separated (or not) by a crista marginalis (21, 24), SV striae uniseriae near the sternum and biseriate thereafter (21, 24), SV areolae lumen with circular ornamentation (23, arrow), crista marginalis (22), SVVC in advalvar view with digit fimbriae (25, arrowhead), large RV axial concave area (26). Scale bars = 6 µm (24), 5 µm (26), 4 µm (21), 3 µm (25), 1 µm (22–23).
text-fig. 29. Anterior and mid-caudal vertebrae of several theropods, illustrating character states of several axial characters, a-b, Allosaurus fragilisa fourth and nineteenth caudal vertebra, left lateral view; based on Madsen (1976). c, Majungatholus atopus; mid-caudal vertebra, left lateral view; based on FMNH/UA 96313. d-e, Deinonychus antirrhopus; anterior caudal vertebra (?fifth), anterior and left lateral view; based on YPM 5210 and Ostrom (1969b). Abbreviations: nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; tp, transverse process. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a-c) and 10 mm (d-e). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 29. Anterior and mid-caudal vertebrae of several theropods, illustrating character states of several axial characters, a-b, Allosaurus fragilisa fourth and nineteenth caudal vertebra, left lateral view; based on Madsen (1976). c, Majungatholus atopus; mid-caudal vertebra, left lateral view; based on FMNH/UA 96313. d-e, Deinonychus antirrhopus; anterior caudal vertebra (?fifth), anterior and left lateral view; based on YPM 5210 and Ostrom (1969b). Abbreviations: nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; tp, transverse process. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a-c) and 10 mm (d-e).
text-fig. 27. Posterior dorsal vertebrae of three theropod dinosaurs in left lateral view, showing states for several axial characters. A, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis; penultimate dorsal vertebra; redrawn (reversed) from Novas (1993). B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis-, reconstruction of the eleventh dorsal vertebra; based on QG 1. c, unnamed compsognathine from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; reconstruction of the posteriormost dorsal vertebra; based on SMNK 2349 Pal. Abbreviations as in ext-figures 24 and 26, and: pg, pleurocentral groove; st, spine table. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 27. Posterior dorsal vertebrae of three theropod dinosaurs in left lateral view, showing states for several axial characters. A, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis; penultimate dorsal vertebra; redrawn (reversed) from Novas (1993). B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis-, reconstruction of the eleventh dorsal vertebra; based on QG 1. c, unnamed compsognathine from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; reconstruction of the posteriormost dorsal vertebra; based on SMNK 2349 Pal. Abbreviations as in ext-figures 24 and 26, and: pg, pleurocentral groove; st, spine table. Scale bars represent 10 mm.
text-fig. 25. Axes of two theropods, illustrating several axial characters, a-b, Dilophosaurus wetherilli-, left lateral and posterior view; based on UCMP V 4214. c-D, Deinonychus antirrhopus-, left lateral and posterior view; based on YPM 5204. Abbreviations as in ext-figure 24, and: at, atlantal intercentrum; ic, axial intercentrum; nc, neural canal; od, odontoid. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 25. Axes of two theropods, illustrating several axial characters, a-b, Dilophosaurus wetherilli-, left lateral and posterior view; based on UCMP V 4214. c-D, Deinonychus antirrhopus-, left lateral and posterior view; based on YPM 5204. Abbreviations as in ext-figure 24, and: at, atlantal intercentrum; ic, axial intercentrum; nc, neural canal; od, odontoid. Scale bars represent 10 mm.
Text-fig. 6. Quercus sp. Red Oak, UF 279-24550. a, b: Wood semi-ring-porous to diffuse-porous; vessels exclusively solitary; thinwalled tyloses in wide vessels; diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma; rays of two distinct sizes. TS. c: Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. d: Vessel-vasicentric tracheid pitting, RLS. e: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, vertically elongate, RLS. f: Narrow rays 1-2 cells wide, TLS. g: Ray composed of procumbent cells, RLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, c; 50 µm in d, f, g; 20 µm in e. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 6. Quercus sp. Red Oak, UF 279-24550. a, b: Wood semi-ring-porous to diffuse-porous; vessels exclusively solitary; thinwalled tyloses in wide vessels; diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma; rays of two distinct sizes. TS. c: Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. d: Vessel-vasicentric tracheid pitting, RLS. e: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, vertically elongate, RLS. f: Narrow rays 1-2 cells wide, TLS. g: Ray composed of procumbent cells, RLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, c; 50 µm in d, f, g; 20 µm in e.
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