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81 results for “babbler”
Linked collectors and determiners for: Twelve new species of Priceiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from Old World babblers, with keys to species of two subgenera and checklists of species for the genus.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Twelve new species of Priceiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from Old World babblers, with keys to species of two subgenera and checklists of species for the genus". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/3eba6a5a-6f4b-4e46-be4e-d01b5f7b866d">https://bionomia.net/dataset/3eba6a5a-6f4b-4e46-be4e-d01b5f7b866d</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/3eba6a5a-6f4b-4e46-be4e-d01b5f7b866d">https://gbif.org/dataset/3eba6a5a-6f4b-4e46-be4e-d01b5f7b866d</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Cryptic sexual dimorphism reveals differing selection pressures on continental islands - Sulawesi Babbler (Pellorneum celebense) Morphometric Dataset
<p>Birds are well known for their sexual dimorphism. But not all forms of dimorphism are the same, and differences in morphology can be so subtle that they aren't detected by casual observation. We report that this is the case with the Sulawesi Babbler (<i>Pellorneum celebense</i>), the first reported instance of sexual dimorphism in this species or any of the ground babblers of the Southeast Asian islands. Our finding is based on a combination of morphometric analyses, genetic sexing, and observation of breeding condition. We highlight the utility of unsupervised clustering approaches, widely used in the biomedical literature, for the investigation of sexual dimorphism in ecological and evolutionary contexts.</p> <p>The sexual dimorphism was weaker on the mainland of Sulawesi and stronger on the continental islands of Kabaena, Muna, and Buton. This suggests that different evolutionary pressures have led the species to partition niches differently in these habitats, which separated only recently in geological history. This kind of intraspecific niche partitioning is an intrinsic part of the ecological niche of such species, one we must not miss if we are to fully understand these endlessly fascinating organisms and systems.</p>
Data from: Phylogeny and biogeography of the core babblers (Aves: Timaliidae)
The avian family Timaliidae is a species rich and morphologically diverse component of African and Asian tropical forests. The morphological diversity within the family has attracted interest from ecologists and evolutionary biologists, but systematists have long suspected that this diversity might also mislead taxonomy, and recent molecular phylogenetic work has supported this hypothesis. We produced and analyzed a dataset of six genes and almost 300 individuals to assess the evolutionary history of the family. Although phylogenetic analysis required extensive adjustment of program settings, we ultimately produced a well-resolved phylogeny for the family. The resulting phylogeny provided strong support for major subclades within the family but extensive paraphyly of genera. Only three genera represented by more than three species were monophyletic. Biogeographic reconstruction indicated a mainland Asian origin for the family and most major clades. Colonization of Africa, Sundaland, and the Philippines occurred relatively late in the family's history and was mostly unidirectional. Several putative babbler genera, such as Robsonius, Malia, Leonardina, and Micromacronus are only distantly related to the Timaliidae.
Data from: Direct fitness benefits and kinship of social foraging groups in an Old World tropical babbler
Molecular studies have revealed that social groups composed mainly of non-relatives may be widespread in group-living vertebrates, but the benefits favoring such sociality are not well understood. In the Old World, birds often form conspecific foraging groups that are maintained year-round and offspring usually disperse to other social groups. We tested the hypothesis that non-breeding group members are largely unrelated and gain direct fitness benefits through breeding opportunities (males) and brood parasitism (females) in the tropical grey-throated babbler, Stachyris nigriceps, in Malaysian Borneo. Babblers foraged in social groups containing one or more breeding pairs (median = 8 group members of equal sex ratio), but group members rarely assisted with breeding (9% of 67 breeding pairs had a third helper; exhibiting facultative cooperative breeding). Although 20% of 266 group member dyads were first-order relatives of one or both members of the breeding pairs, 80% were unrelated. Male group members gained direct fitness benefits through extra-pair and extra-group paternity (25% of 73 offspring), which was independent of their relatedness to the breeding pair and increased with decreasing group size. In contrast, females did not gain direct fitness benefits through brood parasitism. The low levels of relatedness and helping in social groups suggest that most group members do not gain indirect fitness benefits by helping to raise unrelated offspring. These findings highlight the importance of examining benefits of sociality for unrelated individuals that largely do not help and broaden the direct fitness benefits of group foraging beyond assumed survival benefits.
Data from: Helpers don't help when it's hot in a cooperatively breeding bird, the Southern Pied Babbler
<p><span>Cooperative breeding, where more than two individuals invest in rearing a single brood, occurs in many bird species globally and often contributes to improved breeding outcomes. However, high temperatures are associated with poor breeding outcomes in many species, including cooperative species. We used data collected over three austral summer breeding seasons to investigate the contribution that helpers make to daytime incubation in a cooperatively breeding species, the Southern Pied Babbler <em>Turdoides bicolor,</em> and the ways in which their contribution is influenced by temperature. </span><span>Helpers spent a significantly higher percentage of their time foraging</span><span> (41.8 ± 13.7%) and a significantly lower percentage of their time incubating (18.5 ± 18.8%) than members of the breeding pair (31.3 ± 11% foraging & 37.4 ± 15.7% incubating). In groups with only one helper, the helper's contribution to incubation was similar to that of breeders. However, helpers in larger groups contributed less to incubation, individually, with some individuals investing no time in incubation on a given observation day. Helpers significantly decrease their investment in incubation on hot days (>35.5°C), while breeders tend to maintain incubation effort as temperatures increase. Our results demonstrate that</span><span> pied babblers share the workload of incubation unequally between breeders and helpers, and this inequity is more pronounced during hot weather. These results may help to explain why recent studies have found that larger group size does not buffer against the impacts of high temperatures in this and other cooperatively breeding species.</span></p>
Data from: Phylogeny and biogeography of the core babblers (Aves: Timaliidae)
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Data from: Complex dynamics of social learning in groups of wild Arabian Babblers
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Cryptic sexual dimorphism reveals differing selection pressures on continental islands - Sulawesi Babbler (Pellorneum celebense) Morphometric Dataset
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Data from: Direct fitness benefits and kinship of social foraging groups in an Old World tropical babbler
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Data from: Helpers don’t help when it’s hot in a cooperatively breeding bird, the Southern Pied Babbler
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Data from: Testing hypotheses of mitochondrial gene-tree paraphyly: unraveling mitochondrial capture of the Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler (Pomatorhinus ruficollis) by the Taiwan Scimitar Babbler (P. musicus)
Species-level paraphyly inferred from mitochondrial gene trees is a prevalent phenomenon in taxonomy and systematics, but there are several potential causes that are not easily explained by currently used methods. The present study aims to test the underlying causes behind the observed paraphyly of Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler (Pomatorhinus ruficollis) via statistical analyses of four mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nine nuclear (nuDNA) genes. Mitochondrial gene trees show paraphyly of P. ruficollis with respect to the Taiwan Scimitar Babbler (P. musicus), but nuclear genealogies support a sister-group relationship. Predictive coalescent simulations imply several hypothetical explanations, the most likely being mitochondrial capture of P. ruficollis by P. musicus for the observed cyto-nuclear incongruence. Further Approximate Bayesian Computation suggests a unidirectional introgression model with substantial level of gene flow from P. ruficollis to P. musicus during their initial divergence during the Late Pleistocene. This specific observation frames several potential causes for incongruent outcomes of mitochondrial and nuclear introgression in general, and on the whole, our results underscore the strength of multiple independent loci for species delimitation and importance of testing hypotheses that explain disparate causes of mitochondrial gene-tree paraphyly.
FIGURE 4 in Species limits in Pteruthius (Aves: Corvida) shrike-babblers: a comparison between the Biological and Phylogenetic Species Concepts
FIGURE 4. Sonogram excerpts of ten recordings from three localities across the range of the P. xanthochlorus complex, accompanied by sampling locality and name of recordist; x-axis depicts time in seconds, y-axis depicts frequency in kHz; Roman numerals refer to homologous song types; XC numbers refer to catalogue numbers in the xeno-canto sound collection and are given where applicable.
FIGURE 1 in Species limits in Pteruthius (Aves: Corvida) shrike-babblers: a comparison between the Biological and Phylogenetic Species Concepts
FIGURE 1. Sonogram excerpts of the vocalizations of 19 out of 30 sampled individuals of the P. flaviscapis complex accompanied by sampling locality and name of recordist or source; x-axis depicts time in seconds, y-axis depicts frequency in kHz; XC numbers refer to catalogue numbers in the xeno-canto sound collection and are given where applicable.
FIGURE 2 in Species limits in Pteruthius (Aves: Corvida) shrike-babblers: a comparison between the Biological and Phylogenetic Species Concepts
FIGURE 2. Sonogram excerpts of song type A (shared between Java and mainland) and song type B (Java only) of the P. aenobarbus complex, accompanied by sampling locality and name of recordist; x-axis depicts time in seconds, y-axis depicts frequency in kHz; XC number refers to catalogue number in the xeno-canto sound collection and is given where applicable.
FIGURE 3 in Species limits in Pteruthius (Aves: Corvida) shrike-babblers: a comparison between the Biological and Phylogenetic Species Concepts
FIGURE 3. Sonogram excerpts of the vocalizations of four individuals of the P. melanotis complex from across its range, accompanied by sampling locality and name of recordist or source; x-axis depicts time in seconds, y-axis depicts frequency in kHz; XC numbers refer to catalogue numbers in the xeno-canto sound collection and are given where applicable.
FIGURES 52–56 in Twelve new species of Priceiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from Old World babblers, with keys to species of two subgenera and checklists of species for the genus
FIGURES 52–56. Priceiella (Thescelovora) ornata n. sp. ex Psittiparus gularis fokiensis (David, 1874). 52, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 53, male genitalia, dorsal view. 54, male mesosome, ventral view. 55, male paramere, dorsal view. 56, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.
FIGURES 43–44 in Twelve new species of Priceiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from Old World babblers, with keys to species of two subgenera and checklists of species for the genus
FIGURES 43–44. Priceiella (Thescelovora) macrocephala n. sp. ex Pomatorhinus hypoleucos wrayi Sharpe, 1887. 43, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 44, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURES 38–42 in Twelve new species of Priceiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from Old World babblers, with keys to species of two subgenera and checklists of species for the genus
FIGURES 38–42. Priceiella (Thescelovora) coleyae n. sp. ex Stachyris strialata tonkinensis Kinnear, 1938. 38, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 39, male genitalia, dorsal view. 40, male mesosome, ventral view. 41, male paramere, dorsal view. 42, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.
FIGURES 64–65 in Twelve new species of Priceiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from Old World babblers, with keys to species of two subgenera and checklists of species for the genus
FIGURES 64–65. Priceiella (Camurnirmus) sonorae n. sp. ex Garrulax maesi maesi (Oustalet, 1890). 64, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 65, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURES 22–23 in Twelve new species of Priceiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from Old World babblers, with keys to species of two subgenera and checklists of species for the genus
FIGURES 22–23. Priceiella (Thescelovora) chanthaburiana n. sp. ex Pomatorhinus hypoleucos tickelli Hume, 1877. 22, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 23, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.
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