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151 results for “baleen whale”
DAS4Whale: Svalbard distributed acoustic sensing dataset for baleen whale monitoring
<p> </p> <p> </p> <p>This dataset aims to support the work presented in</p> <blockquote> <p>Bouffaut, L., Taweesintananon, K., Kriesell, H. J., Rørstadbotnen, R. A., Potter, J. R., Landrø, M., Johansen, S. E., Brenne, J. K., Haukanes, A., Schjelderup, O., & Storvik, F. (2022). Eavesdropping at the Speed of Light: Distributed Acoustic Sensing of Baleen Whales in the Arctic. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 901348. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.901348">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.901348</a>.</p> </blockquote> <p>It contains recordings from a dark fiber optic (FO) cable converted into a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) array of 120km long spreading from Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway, out to the open ocean, through Isfjorden. <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/901348/fmars-09-901348-HTML/image_m/fmars-09-901348-g002.jpg">This DAS array</a>, measuring nano strain, was spatially sampled every ~4m and had a sampling frequency of 645.16 Hz, generating data stored into spatio-temporal matrices. </p> <p>The exact position of the FO cable is proprietary information belonging to Uninett. The space component is therefore given as a vector in “channel number” (sensing node number along the FO cable) and distance from the shore station (m).</p> <p>The data necessary to produce each manuscript example is saved into multiple files corresponding to subsequent groups of channels along the FO cable, to facilitate storage and sharing. The file naming system satisfies the following: Date in the format <em>YYYYMMDD</em>, UTC time at the beginning of the file, channels, whale_raw, duration of the file L<em>xx</em>s, all separated by underscores “_”. Data is shared as *.mat file saved in HDF format and readable in different programming languages. For example </p> <ul> <li>in <a href="https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/load.html">Matlab</a> <pre><code>load('20200627_052441_ch08751_to_ch10000_whale_raw_L160s.mat')</code></pre> <p> </p> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>in <a href="http://https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/generated/scipy.io.loadmat.html#scipy.io.loadmat">Python</a> <pre><code>scipy.io.loadmat('20200627_052441_ch08751_to_ch10000_whale_raw_L160s.mat')</code></pre> <p> </p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Each file contains the following variables</strong></p> <ul> <li><em>data: </em>The DAS-recorded nano strain data</li> <li><em>info_GL_m:</em> Used gauge length (m)</li> <li><em>info_nsamples</em>: Number of temporal samples in the file</li> <li><em>info_ntraces</em>: Number of spatial samples (channels) in the file</li> <li><em>info_sample_interval_s</em>: Sampling period (s)</li> <li><em>info_sampling_frequency_Hz</em>: Sampling frequency (Hz)</li> <li><em>info_SSI_m</em>: Spatial sampling interval (m)</li> <li><em>info_timestamp</em>: Date and time (UTC) of the first sample</li> <li>info_units: Global unit information</li> <li><em>x1_absolute_channel</em>: Vector containing the absolute channel number</li> <li><em>x1_distance_from_shore_m</em>: Vector containing the distance along the FO cable from shore (m)</li> <li><em>x1_position_m</em>: Vector containing the distance along the FO cable from the interrogator (m)</li> <li><em>x1_recwdepthz_m</em>: Vector containing the water column depth used as a proxy for the fiber optic cable depth at each sensing location (m)</li> <li><em>x1_relative_channel</em>: Vector containing the channel number</li> <li><em>x2_time_s</em>: Time vector (s)</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>List of the files and related manuscript examples</strong></p> <p>Example of at least 3 vocalizing baleen whales recorded simultaneously at three different locations along the Svalbard fiber optic DAS array - Figure 4 in Bouffaut et al. (2022) - between 35-95 km and on 2020-06-26 between 052440-052720 UTC</p> <ul> <li><em>20200627_052441_ch08751_to_ch10000_whale_raw_L160s.mat</em> </li> <li><em>20200627_052441_ch10001_to_ch15000_whale_raw_L160s.mat</em> </li> <li><em>20200627_052441_ch15001_to_ch20000_whale_raw_L160s.mat</em> </li> <li><em>20200627_052441_ch20001_to_ch25000_whale_raw_L160s.mat</em> </li> </ul> <p>Example of<strong> </strong>series of blue whale calls recorded with a move out on the Svalbard DAS array - Figure 5 & &B in Bouffaut et al. (2022) - between 85-90 km and on 2020-07-16 between 154300-155500 UTC</p> <ul> <li><em>20200716_154302_ch20001_to_ch21000_whale_raw_L720s.mat </em></li> <li><em>20200716_154302_ch21001_to_ch22000_whale_raw_L720s.mat </em></li> <li><em>20200716_154302_ch22001_to_ch23000_whale_raw_L720s.mat</em></li> <li><em>20200716_154302_ch23001_to_ch24000_whale_raw_L720s.mat</em></li> <li><em>20200716_154302_ch24001_to_ch25000_whale_raw_L720s.mat</em></li> </ul> <p>Example of a blue whale non-stereotyped call recorded inside Isfjorden and further used to provide correlated seismic profiles - Figure 6A n Bouffaut et al. (2022) - between 23-28 km on 2020-06-27 between 192255-192805 UTC</p> <ul> <li><em>20200627_192255_ch05001_to_ch07000_whale_raw_L310s.mat </em></li> <li><em>20200627_192255_ch07001_to_ch08500_whale_raw_L310s.mat </em></li> </ul> <p><strong>--------------</strong></p> <p><strong>Analysis tools </strong></p> <p>To reproduce the paper's result, we suggest using the following Python package available on <a href="https://github.com/leabouffaut/DAS4Whales">GitHub</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p>Léa Bouffaut (2023). DAS4Whales: A Python package to analyze Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data for marine bioacoustics (v0.1.0). Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7760187">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7760187</a></p> </blockquote> <p>Here is an example of the use of the DAS4Whales package with this dataset's data format: <a href="https://gist.github.com/leabouffaut/b42ec74e2cee880877bfc4c94e81bdaa">https://gist.github.com/leabouffaut/b42ec74e2cee880877bfc4c94e81bdaa</a></p> <p><strong>--------------</strong></p> <p><strong>Please cite as </strong></p> <blockquote> <p>Léa Bouffaut and Kittinat Taweesintananon, “DAS4Whale: Svalbard distributed acoustic sensing dataset for baleen whale monitoring”. Zenodo, Jan. 10, 2022. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7760187">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823343">10.5281/zenodo.5823343</a>.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>--------------</strong></p> <p><strong>Contact</strong></p> <p><a href="mailto:lb736@cornell.edu">Contact</a> | <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/ccb/lea-bouffaut/">Webpage</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/LeaBouffaut">Twitter</a></p>
Diverse baleen whale acoustic occurrence around two sub-Antarctic Islands: A tale of residents and visitors
<p>This dataset contains the acoustic .wav file of all exemplar calls illustrated by the spectrograms in the manuscript figure, MS Excel Spreadsheet file with baleen whale call occurrence and environmental data, and the R code used for fitting the RF models. R codes must be run in the following manner:</p> <p>1. 01_tune_occ_enviro_rf_model_balance_baleen_whales</p> <p>2. 02_process_occ_enviro_rf_model_balance_baleen_whales</p> <p>The codes are self-explanatory given the comments contained therein, and the source code for fitting the codes is provided as 000_source_all.</p>
Evolutionary novelties underlie sound production in baleen whales
<p>Experimental and modelling data from the paper "Evolutionary novelties underlie sound production in baleen whales." </p>
Historical baleen plates indicate that once abundant Antarctic blue and fin whales demonstrated distinct migratory and foraging strategies
<p>Southern hemisphere blue (<em>Balaenoptera musculus intermedia</em>) and fin (<em>Balaenoptera physalus</em>) whales are the largest predators in the Southern Ocean, with similarities in morphology and distribution. Yet, understanding of their life history and foraging is limited due to current low abundances and limited ecological data. To address these gaps, historic Antarctic blue (n = 5) and fin (n = 5) whale baleen plates, collected in 1947–1948 and recently rediscovered in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, were analyzed for bulk (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) stable isotopes. Regular oscillations in isotopic ratios, interpreted as annual cycles, revealed that baleen plates contain approximately six years (14.35 ± 1.20 cm yr<sup>–1</sup>) of life history data in blue whales and four years (16.52 ± 1.86 cm yr<sup>–1</sup>) in fin whales. Isotopic results suggest that: 1) in the 1940s, blue and fin whales fed at the same trophic level but in slightly different habitats, 2) fin whales appear to have had more regular annual migrations, and 3) fin whales may have migrated to ecologically distinct sub-Antarctic waters annually while some blue whales may have resided year-round in the Southern Ocean. These results reveal differences in ecological niche and life history strategies between Antarctic blue and fin whales during a period when their populations were more abundant than today, and before major human-driven climatic changes occurred in the Southern Ocean.</p>
Figure 1. Diagnostic characteristics identifying NMV P252567 in Suction feeding preceded filtering in baleen whale evolution
Figure 1. Diagnostic characteristics identifying NMV P252567 as an aetiocetid. A, explanatory line drawing of the skull; B, photograph of the skull (left) and mandible (right), both in dorsal view.
Figure 3 in Suction feeding preceded filtering in baleen whale evolution
Figure 3. Additional teeth of NMV P252567. A, left upper incisor; B, right upper incisor; C, double-rooted postcanine 4. All teeth are shown in lingual (left) and labial (right) views. The lack or comparatively small degree of wear on the incisors suggests they may have been largely (left upper incisor) or partially (right upper incisor) enclosed within the gingiva, protecting them from the abrasive wear that affected the other teeth. A fifth double-rooted postcanine closely resembles postcanines 2 and 4 in terms of its wear, but is still partially encased in sediment and hence not shown here.
Figure 5 in Suction feeding preceded filtering in baleen whale evolution
Figure 5. Suction feeding precedes baleen filtering in mysticete evolution. A, consensus tree of aetiocetid evolutionary relationships, based on all cladistic studies published to date (e.g. Deméré and Berta, 2008; Deméré et al., 2008; Fitzgerald, 2010; Geisler and Sanders, 2003; Marx and Fordyce, 2015; Steeman, 2007), showing major feeding-related synapomorphies; B, life reconstructions (top) and skulls (in lateral view) of a representative archaeocete (Dorudon atrox), aetiocetid (NMV P252567), eomysticetid (Yamatocetus canaliculatus) and extant suction feeding mysticete (grey whale, Eschrichtius robustus); C, inferred behaviours and feeding strategies. Life reconstructions by Carl Buell.
Figure 2 in Suction feeding preceded filtering in baleen whale evolution
Figure 2. Wear patterns on representative teeth of NMV P252567, suggesting suction feeding in an aetiocetid. A, left upper canine or first premolar; B, double-rooted postcanine 1; C,?lower double-rooted postcanine 2; D,?lower double-rooted postcanine 3; E, micro-computed tomography cross section of postcanine 1, showing the depth and rounded edges of the horizontal striations (marked by large black arrows). A–C are shown in lingual, labial and anterior/posterior view, D in lingual view only.
Figure 4 in Suction feeding preceded filtering in baleen whale evolution
Figure 4. Cross section of the rostrum and lower jaws of A, a balaenid, B, a balaenopterid, and C, an aetiocetid, illustrating the relative movement of the mandible during jaw closure (red arrows). All drawings show the mouth slightly open. In right whales (A) and rorquals (B), the laterally bowed mandibles and/or tall lower lips rotate inwards on to the labial surface of the baleen plates, thereby leaving the rack intact. In aetiocetids (C), the movement of the mandible is mostly vertical and the upper and lower jaws need to approach each other enough to allow the teeth to occlude, thereby risking interference with any baleen present. A and B are adapted from Pivorunas (1979: fig. 3).
FIGURE 6 in A feeding organ the basihyal and thyrohyal tells which size of prey do true baleen whales (Cetacea, Chaeomysticeti) eat
FIGURE 6. Morphological traits of the basihyal and thyrohyal among the Chaeomysticeti separated by prey types. Boxes gray in colour are extinct baleen whales, which ID number 4, 8, 11, 33, 40, 53, 61, 70 in Table 2 are used here. Piscobalaena nana shows two different types of phylogenetic hypotheses (see in cladogram section).
FIGURE 5 in A feeding organ the basihyal and thyrohyal tells which size of prey do true baleen whales (Cetacea, Chaeomysticeti) eat
FIGURE 5. Same results as in Figure 4 with 90% confidence intervals for combinations of prey capture tactics and prey types. Numbers and letters are IDs and abbreviations of scientific names (see Table 2).
FIGURE 4 in A feeding organ the basihyal and thyrohyal tells which size of prey do true baleen whales (Cetacea, Chaeomysticeti) eat
FIGURE 4. The results of principal component analysis. Ovals represent 90% confidence intervals for prey types of the extant taxa. Diagrams of the shape changes in the positive directions are given along each axis. Numbers and letters are IDs and abbreviations of scientific names (see Table 2).
FIGURE 3 in A feeding organ the basihyal and thyrohyal tells which size of prey do true baleen whales (Cetacea, Chaeomysticeti) eat
FIGURE 3. Outlines of analyzed true baleen whale specimens. Numbers are given in Table 1 and Appendix 1. Abbreviations mean prey capture tactics (Sk: Skim, Mu: Multiple, Lu: Lunge) and prey types (Sm: Small, Bo: both large and small prey, La: Large, Un: Unknown).
FIGURE 2 in A feeding organ the basihyal and thyrohyal tells which size of prey do true baleen whales (Cetacea, Chaeomysticeti) eat
FIGURE 2. Example semi-landmark in the ventral view of the basihyal and thyrohyal with anatomical terms. The one of Balaenoptera musculus number 66 in Table 1 is used. The origins for the muscles were modified from Schulte (1916) with minor modification following Reidenberg and Laitman (1994) on the omohyoid muscle insertion.
FIGURE 1. A in A feeding organ the basihyal and thyrohyal tells which size of prey do true baleen whales (Cetacea, Chaeomysticeti) eat
FIGURE 1. A. Prey size of baleen whales modified from Gaskin (1982) with prey information in Jefferson et al. (2008). B. Modern baleen whale phylogeny and information of prey types + prey capture tactics. Phylogeny was combined the tree of the Balaenopteridae in Rosel et al. (2021) and the tree in Steeman et al. (2009) for the relationships of others.
Figure 4 in Chronic stress from fishing gear entanglement is recorded in baleen from a bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus)
Figure 4. Glucocorticoid hormone profile in baleen from entangled bowhead whale 17B6. Baleen GC concentrations (ng/g) are shown as red circles for cortisol and orange circles for corticosterone. Sample dates were estimated based on an annual baleen growth rate of 17.5 cm/yr, starting with the harvest date (5 May 2017) on the right side of the bottom x-axis and extending retrospectively to approximately November 2005 on the left side of the x-axis (tick marks are months). Sampling locations along the baleen plate are shown on the top x-axis, and background gridlines represent the 1.25 or 2.5 cm sampling intervals used, starting at the plate base.
Figure 3. The first 10 in Chronic stress from fishing gear entanglement is recorded in baleen from a bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus)
Figure 3. The first 10 cm of the baleen plate from bowhead whale 17B6 showing a measuring tape attached to the labial margin of the plate to guide sampling intervals. Samples were drilled every 1.25 cm (~26 d intervals) across the horizontal growth lines along the plate for the first 35 cm of growth to maximize the possibility of capturing data on the entanglement event from more recent baleen growth, and every 2.5 cm (~52 d intervals) for the reminder of the plate to establish baseline levels of GCs prior to the entanglement. Samples were collected using a hand-held Dremel rotary tool to produce pulverized baleen powder for glucocorticoid hormone analysis.
Figure 2. Fishing rope recovered from bowhead whale 17B6 in Chronic stress from fishing gear entanglement is recorded in baleen from a bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus)
Figure 2. Fishing rope recovered from bowhead whale 17B6 included two types of 19 mm diameter rope. Segment (#1) appeared to be white nylon rope, while segments (#s 2, 4, 5) were blue-flecked and most likely a copolymer rope. Segment (#3) was line used by the hunters during the harvest and was not part of the whale entanglement. Fraying of the rope ends was consistent with cut ends that had not been heat sealed or whipped. It was not possible to determine the status of the gear at the time of entanglement.
Figure 1. Entangled bowhead whale 17B6 in Chronic stress from fishing gear entanglement is recorded in baleen from a bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus)
Figure 1. Entangled bowhead whale 17B6. (A) 17B6 appeared quite thin in the posterior region, and had six full wraps of fishing line around the peduncle (white circle). (B) Close-up of the peduncle of 17B6 showing the embedded fishing line. Photo credits: North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management, taken under NMFS permit # 17350-01.
Fig. 3 in Like phoenix from the ashes: How modern baleen whales arose from a fossil "dark age"
Fig. 3. Patterns and potential drivers of the early Miocene "dark age". A. Extinction of toothed mysticetes and eomysticetids at the beginning of the early Miocene "dark age", and subsequent reinvasion of coastal habitats by larger, toothless filter feeding mysticetes during the middle Miocene. The occurrence of eomysticetids in the earliest Miocene is based on a single, fragmentary specimen from New Zealand (Boessenecker and Fordyce 2017b). B. Global oxygen isotope curve, showing the timing of the mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (Zachos et al. 2008). C. Global sea-level change (Miller et al. 2005). D. Global diatom abundance as derived from Deep-Sea Drilling Programme/Ocean Drilling Programme smear slides (Renaudie 2016). Highlighted events potentially relevant to the "dark age": 1, a 0.5 shift in δ18O; 2, a 40 m sea-level fall; and 3, an early Miocene decrease in global diatom abundance. Reconstructions of mysticetes by Carl Buell.
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