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31 results for “bank voles”
Effects of food supplementation and helminth removal on space use and spatial overlap in wild bank vole populations
<p>Animal space use and spatial overlap can have important consequences for population-level processes such as social interactions and pathogen transmission. Identifying how environmental variability and inter-individual variation affect spatial patterns and in turn influence interactions in animal populations is a priority for the study of animal behavior and disease ecology. Environmental food availability and macroparasite infection are common drivers of variation, but there are few experimental studies investigating how they affect spatial patterns of wildlife. Bank voles (<em>Clethrionomys glareolus</em>) are a tractable study system to investigate spatial patterns of wildlife and are amenable to experimental manipulations. We conducted a replicated, factorial field experiment in which we provided supplementary food and removed helminths in vole populations in natural forest habitats and monitored vole space use and spatial overlap using capture-mark-recapture methods. Using network analysis, we quantified vole space use and spatial overlap. We compared the effects of food supplementation and helminth removal and investigated the impact of season, sex, and reproductive status on space use and spatial overlap. We found that food supplementation decreased vole space use while helminth removal increased space use. Space use also varied by sex, reproductive status, and season. Spatial overlap was similar between treatments despite up to three-fold differences in population size. By quantifying the spatial effects of food availability and macroparasite infection on wildlife populations, we demonstrate the potential for space use and population density to trade off and maintain consistent spatial overlap in wildlife populations. This has important implications for spatial processes in wildlife including pathogen transmission.</p>
Fig. 3. A in Rediscovery Of The Northern Mole Vole, Ellobius Talpinus (Rodentia, Cricetidae), At The Western Bank Of The Dnipro River, Ukraine
Fig. 3. A northern mole vole near the village of Novokairy in Kherson Region, 26.08. 2013 (photo by V. Strigunov).
Fig. 1 in Reduced helminth parasitism in the introduced bank vole (Myodes glareolus): More parasites lost than gained
Fig. 1. Frequency distribution of intestinal helminth species richness in wood mice and bank voles examined in 2011 and 2012.
Effects of food supplementation and helminth removal on space use and spatial overlap in wild bank vole populations
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High genomic diversity in the bank vole at the northern apex of a range expansion: the role of multiple colonizations and end-glacial refugia
<p>The history of repeated northern glacial cycling and southern climatic stability has long dominated explanations for how genetic diversity is distributed within temperate species in Eurasia and North America. However, growing evidence indicates the importance of cryptic refugia for northern colonization dynamics. An excellent geographic region to assess this is Fennoscandia, where recolonization at the end of the last glaciation was restricted to specific routes and temporal windows. We used genomic data to analyze genetic diversity and colonization history of the bank vole (<i>Myodes glareolus</i>) throughout Europe (> 800 samples) with Fennoscandia as the northern apex. We inferred that bank voles colonized Fennoscandia multiple times by two different routes; with three separate colonizations via a southern land-bridge route deriving from a 'Carpathian' glacial refugium and one via a north-eastern route from an 'Eastern' glacial refugium near the Ural Mts. Clustering of genome-wide SNPs revealed tremendous diversity in Fennoscandia, with eight genomic clusters: three of Carpathian origin and five Eastern. Time estimates revealed that the first of the Carpathian colonizations occurred before the Younger Dryas (YD), meaning that the first colonists survived the YD in Fennoscandia. Results also indicated that introgression between bank and northern red-backed voles (<i>Myodes rutilus</i>) took place in Fennoscandia just after end-glacial colonization. Therefore, multiple colonizations from the same and different cryptic refugia, temporal and spatial separations and interspecific introgression have shaped bank vole genetic variability in Fennoscandia. Together, these processes drive high genetic diversity at the apex of the northern expansion in this model species.</p>
Data from: How Bank Vole-PUUV Interactions Influence the Eco-Evolutionary Processes Driving Nephropathia Epidemica Epidemiology—An Experimental and Genomic Approach
<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>In Europe, Puumala virus (PUUV) is responsible for nephropathia epidemica (NE), a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Despite the presence of its reservoir, the bank vole, on most of French territory, the geographic distribution of NE cases is heterogeneous and NE endemic and non-endemic areas have been reported. In this study we analyzed whether bank vole-PUUV interactions could partly shape these epidemiological differences. We performed crossed-experimental infections using wild bank voles from French endemic (Ardennes) and non-endemic (Loiret) areas and two French PUUV strains isolated from these areas. The serological response and dynamics of PUUV infection were compared between the four cross-infection combinations. Due to logistical constraints, this study was based on a small number of animals. Based on this experimental design, we saw a stronger serological response and presence of PUUV in excretory organs (bladder) in bank voles infected with the PUUV endemic strain. Moreover, the within-host viral diversity in excretory organs seemed to be higher than in other non-excretory organs for the NE endemic cross-infection but not for the NE non-endemic cross-infection. Despite the small number of rodents included, our results showed that genetically different PUUV strains and in a lesser extent their interaction with sympatric bank voles, could affect virus replication and diversity. This could impact PUUV excretion/transmission between rodents and to humans and in turn at least partly shape NE epidemiology in France.</p>
Data from: Genomic signatures of climate adaptation in bank voles
<p><span>Evidence for </span><span>divergent selection and adaptive variation across the landscape</span><span> can provide insight into a species' ability to adapt to different environments. However, despite recent advances in genomics, it remains difficult to detect footprints of </span><span>climate mediated</span><span> selection in natural populations. Here we analysed ddRAD sequencing data (21,892 SNPs) in conjunction with geographic climate variation to search for signatures of adaptive differentiation in twelve populations of the bank vole (</span><em><span>Clethrionomys glareolus</span></em><span>) distributed across Europe. To identify the loci subject to selection associated with climate variation, we applied multiple genotype-environment association (GEA) methods, two univariate and one multivariate, and controlled for the effect of population structure. In total, we identified 213 candidate loci for adaptation, 74 of which were located within genes. In particular, we identified signatures of selection in candidate genes with functions related to lipid metabolism and the immune system. Using the results of redundancy analysis (RDA), we demonstrated that population history and climate have joint effects on the genetic variation in the pan-European metapopulation. Furthermore, by examining only candidate loci, we found that annual mean temperature is an important factor shaping adaptive genetic variation in the bank vole. By combining landscape genomic approaches, our study sheds light on genome-wide adaptive differentiation and the spatial distribution of variants underlying adaptive variation influenced by local climate in bank voles.</span></p>
Fig. 2 in Rediscovery Of The Northern Mole Vole, Ellobius Talpinus (Rodentia, Cricetidae), At The Western Bank Of The Dnipro River, Ukraine
Fig. 2. Localities of Ellobius talpinus to the west of the Dnipro River.
Fig. 1 in Rediscovery Of The Northern Mole Vole, Ellobius Talpinus (Rodentia, Cricetidae), At The Western Bank Of The Dnipro River, Ukraine
Fig. 1. Survey routes to the west of the Dnipro River.
Maternal antibodies provide strain-specific protection against infection with the Lyme disease pathogen in bank voles
<p>Raw data for manuscript titled, "Maternal antibodies provide strain-specific protection against infection with the Lyme disease pathogen in bank voles". This manuscript was submitted to Applied and Environmental Microbiology and was assigned the manuscript ID number AEM01887-19R1.</p>
Borrelia infection in bank voles Myodes glareolus is associated with specific DQB haplotypes which affect allelic divergence within individuals
<p>The high polymorphism of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes is generally considered to be a result of pathogen-mediated balancing selection. Such selection may operate in the form of heterozygote advantage, and/or through specific MHC allele–pathogen interactions. Specific MHC allele–pathogen interactions may promote polymorphism via negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS), or selection that varies in time and/or space because of variability in the composition of the pathogen community (fluctuating selection; FS). In addition, divergent allele advantage (DAA) may act on top of these forms of balancing selection, explaining the high sequence divergence between MHC alleles. DAA has primarily been thought of as an extension of heterozygote advantage. However, DAA could also work in concert with NFDS though this is yet to be tested explicitly. To evaluate the importance of DAA in pathogen-mediated balancing selection, we surveyed allelic polymorphism of MHC class II DQB genes in wild bank voles (<i>Myodes glareolus</i>) and tested for associations between DQB haplotypes and infection by <i>Borrelia afzelii</i>, a tick-transmitted bacterium causing Lyme disease in humans. We found two significant associations between DQB haplotypes and infection status: one haplotype was associated with lower risk of infection (resistance), while another was associated with higher risk of infection (susceptibility). Interestingly, allelic divergence within individuals was higher for voles with the resistance haplotype compared to other voles. In contrast, allelic divergence was lower for voles with the susceptibility haplotype than other voles. The pattern of higher allelic divergence in individuals with the resistance haplotype is consistent with NFDS favouring divergent alleles in a natural population, hence selection where DAA works in concert with NFDS. </p>
Different waves of postglacial recolonisation and genomic structure of bank vole population in NE Poland
<p><span>Previous studies indicated that in some species phylogeographic patterns obtained in analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers can be different. Such mitonuclear discordance can have important evolutionary and ecological consequences. In the present study, we aimed to check if there was any discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA in the bank vole population in the contact zone of its two mtDNA lineages. We analysed the population genetic structure of bank voles using genome-wide genetic data (SNPs) and diversity of sequenced heart transcriptomes obtained from selected individuals from three populations inhabiting areas outside the contact zone. The SNP genetic structure of the populations confirmed the presence of at least two genetic clusters, and such division was concordant with the patterns obtained in analyses of other genetic markers and functional genes. However, genome-wide SNP analyses revealed a more detailed structure of the studied population, consistent with more than two bank vole recolonisation waves, as previously recognised in the study area. We did not find any significant differences between individuals representing two separate mtDNA lineages of the species in </span><span>functional genes </span><span>coding for protein-forming complexes, which are involved in the process of cell respiration in mitochondria. We concluded that the contemporary genetic structure of the populations and the width of the contact zone were shaped by climatic and environmental factors rather than by genetic barriers. The studied populations were likely isolated in separate Last Glacial Maximum refugia for an insufficient amount of time to develop significant genetic differentiation.</span></p>
Data from: Genomic signatures of climate adaptation in bank voles
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Microsatellite data of bank voles and <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> plus TBEV nucleotide sequences
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Different waves of postglacial recolonisation and genomic structure of bank vole population in NE Poland
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High genomic diversity in the bank vole at the northern apex of a range expansion: the role of multiple colonizations and end-glacial refugia
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Borrelia infection in bank voles Myodes glareolus is associated with specific DQB haplotypes which affect allelic divergence within individuals
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Data from: Landscape genetics highlights the role of bank vole metapopulation dynamics in the epidemiology of Puumala hantavirus
Rodent host dynamics and dispersal are thought to be critical for hantavirus epidemiology as they determine pathogen persistence and transmission within and between host populations. We used landscape genetics to investigate how the population dynamics of the bank vole Myodes glareolus, the host of Puumala hantavirus (PUUV), vary with forest fragmentation and influence PUUV epidemiology. We sampled vole populations within the Ardennes, a French PUUV endemic area. We inferred demographic features such as population size, isolation and migration with regard to landscape configuration. We next analysed the influence of M. glareolus population dynamics on PUUV spatial distribution. Our results revealed that the global metapopulation dynamics of bank voles were strongly shaped by landscape features, including suitable patch size and connectivity. Large effective size in forest might therefore contribute to the higher observed levels of PUUV prevalence. By contrast, populations from hedge networks highly suffered from genetic drift and appeared strongly isolated from all other populations. This might result in high probabilities of local extinction for both M. glareolus and PUUV. Besides we detected signatures of asymmetric bank vole migration from forests to hedges. These movements were likely to sustain PUUV in fragmented landscapes. In conclusion, our study provided arguments in favour of source-sink dynamics shaping PUUV persistence and spread in heterogeneous, western European temperate landscapes. It illustrated the potential contribution of landscape genetics to the understanding of the epidemiological processes occurring at this local scale.
Data from: Oxidative damage and antioxidant defence are assay and tissue dependent both in captive and in wild-caught bank voles (Myodes glareolus) before and after reproduction
1. Reproduction is costly and life-history theory predicts that current parental investment will result in lower survival or decreased future reproduction. The physiological mechanisms mediating the link between reproduction and survival are still under debate and elevated oxidative damage during reproduction has been proposed as a plausible candidate. 2. Previous studies of oxidative stress during reproduction in animals under natural conditions have been restricted to analyses of blood. Herein, we measured the level of oxidative damage to lipids (thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances) and proteins (carbonyls) in the liver, kidneys, heart and skeletal muscles in free-living bank vole females from spring and autumn generations, before and after reproduction. Antioxidant defence in the liver and kidneys was also determined. We expected oxidative damage to tissues and hypothesized that the damage would be more uniform between tissues in wild animals compared to those breeding under laboratory conditions. 3. Considering all combinations of markers/tissues/generations, oxidative damage in females did not differ before and after reproduction in 12 comparisons, was lower after reproduction in 3 comparisons, and was higher after breeding in one comparison. The total glutathione was significantly increased after reproduction only in the liver of the autumn generation and there was no change in catalase activity. 4. Our results confirm – for the first time in the field – previous observations from laboratory studies that there is no simple link between oxidative stress and reproduction and that patterns depend on the tissue and marker being studied. Overall however, our study does not support the hypothesis that the cost of reproduction in bank voles is mediated by oxidative stress in these tissues.
Niche differentiation in the bank vole: Maxent input and output data
<p>Species-level environmental niche modelling has been crucial in efforts to understand how species respond to climate variation and change. However, species often exhibit local adaptation and intraspecific niche differences that may be important to consider in predicting responses to climate. Here, we explore if phylogeographic lineages of the bank vole originating from different glacial refugia (Carpathian, Western, Eastern and Southern) show niche differentiation, which would suggest a role for local adaptation in biogeography of this widespread Eurasian small mammal. We first model the environmental requirements for the bank vole using species-wide occurrences (210 filtered records) and then model each lineage separately to examine niche overlap and test for niche differentiation in geographical and environmental space. We then use the models to estimate past [Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and mid-Holocene] habitat suitability to compare to previously hypothesized glacial refugia for this species. Environmental niches are statistically significantly different from each other for all pairs of lineages in geographical as well as environmental space and these differences cannot be explained by habitat availability within their respective ranges. Together with the inability of most of the lineages to correctly predict the distributions of other lineages, these result support intraspecific ecological differentiation in the bank vole. Model projections of habitat suitability during the LGM support glacial survival of the bank vole in the Mediterranean region as well as in central and western Europe. Niche differences between lineages and the resulting spatial segregation of habitat suitability suggest ecological differentiation has played a role in determining the present phylogeographic patterns in the bank vole. Our study illustrates that models pooling lineages within a species may obscure the potential for different response to climate change among populations.</p>
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