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27 results for “basal angiosperms”
FIG. 2. — Callicrypta chlamydea n. gen., n in A minute mid-Cretaceous flower from Siberia and implications for the problem of basal angiosperms
FIG. 2. — Callicrypta chlamydea n. gen., n. sp., a flower from the Cenomanian of Vilyuy Basin, Siberia, outline of the holotype (see Fig. 1A) showing interpretation of the floral parts. Abbreviations: C, carpel; Pi, inner petal; Po, outer petal; S, sepal; St, staminode?. Scale bar: 150 µm.
FIG. 4 in A minute mid-Cretaceous flower from Siberia and implications for the problem of basal angiosperms
FIG. 4. — Freyantha sibirica Krassilov et Golovneva (2001), from the Cenomanian of Tschulymo-Yenisey Basin, Siberia, inflorescence of staminate flowers subtended by calyptrate bracts with a prominent nectar gland (n). Scale bar: 1.5 mm.
FIG. 3 in A minute mid-Cretaceous flower from Siberia and implications for the problem of basal angiosperms
FIG. 3. — Pollen grains adhering to the petals and carpels of Callicrypta n. gen., n. sp., a pistillate flower from the Cenomanian of Vilyuy Basin, Siberia; A, polar aspect; B, oblique equatoriopolar aspect; C, lateral aspect. Scale bars: 3 µm.
FIG. 1. — Callicrypta chlamydea n. gen., n in A minute mid-Cretaceous flower from Siberia and implications for the problem of basal angiosperms
FIG. 1. — Callicrypta chlamydea n. gen., n. sp. from the Cenomanian of Vilyuy Basin, Siberia, SEM photographs; A, holotype, a pistillate flower with a calyx, biseriate corolla, and apocarpous gynoecium (see Fig. 2 for interpretation); B, carpel with a short style, abaxial aspect; C, radial sequence of sepal (S), outer petal (Po), inner petal (Pi) and carpel (C), the carpel is split in the median plane showing the locule, the position of papillate gland on the inner petal is marked as n; D, tubular structure (staminode?) clasped at base by the inner petal; E, papillate gland (nectary?) below the apical notch of an inner petal (see n); F, carpel, lateral view, style missing. Scale bars: A, 300 µm; B, 120 µm; C, 90 µm; D, 40 µm; E, 21 µm; F, 70 µm.
Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c–f) images of "Foveolate seed sp. 2"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Lateral (a) and apical (b) views of seed showing the coarsely foveolate surface; note the truncate apex and the slightly depressed hilar-micropylar region; c) Longitudinal section (volume rendering cut between orthoslices xz0740 and xz0840) through the middle of seed showing the truncate apex with slightly depressed hilar-micropylar region and basal rounded chalazal region; note thick outer integument (oi) composed of an exotesta of thickwalled palisade-like cells and a thin inner integument (ii); d, e, f) Transverse (d, orthoslice xy0800) and longitudinal sections (e, orthoslice xz1100, f, orthoslice yz0800) through seed hilar-micropylar region, showing the exotesta comprised of the thick-walled palisade-like cells of the outer integument (oi), small, thin-walled meso- endotestal cells of the outer integument (arrows) and thin inner integument (ii). Specimen, Catefica 153-S172332 (a–f). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c–f) images of "Foveolate seed sp. 2"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Lateral (a) and apical (b) views of seed showing the coarsely foveolate surface; note the truncate apex and the slightly depressed hilar-micropylar region; c) Longitudinal section (volume rendering cut between orthoslices xz0740 and xz0840) through the middle of seed showing the truncate apex with slightly depressed hilar-micropylar region and basal rounded chalazal region; note thick outer integument (oi) composed of an exotesta of thickwalled palisade-like cells and a thin inner integument (ii); d, e, f) Transverse (d, orthoslice xy0800) and longitudinal sections (e, orthoslice xz1100, f, orthoslice yz0800) through seed hilar-micropylar region, showing the exotesta comprised of the thick-walled palisade-like cells of the outer integument (oi), small, thin-walled meso- endotestal cells of the outer integument (arrows) and thin inner integument (ii). Specimen, Catefica 153-S172332 (a–f). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–f).
Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate structure"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–c) Staminate structure in oblique apical (a), oblique basal (b) and lateral (c) views showing distinct stalk and head with a cluster of about 20 stamens; note bracts at the base of the structure (asterisks) and probable secretory openings in the anther tissues (arrows). Specimen, Catefica 358-S135451 (a–c). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate structure"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–c) Staminate structure in oblique apical (a), oblique basal (b) and lateral (c) views showing distinct stalk and head with a cluster of about 20 stamens; note bracts at the base of the structure (asterisks) and probable secretory openings in the anther tissues (arrows). Specimen, Catefica 358-S135451 (a–c). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–c).
Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic material; d) Stamen with apical and basal part of anther preserved showing two pairs of pollen sacs (asterisks) on the curved, perhaps ventral, surface close to the stamen margin; e) Detail of crack in the anther showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size; f) Pollen exposed in the crack in the anther; note coarsely foveolate to coarsely reticulate pollen wall and densely spaced orbicules; g) Folded pollen grains with reticulate pollen wall and also showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172560 (a–c), Catefica 50- S170384 (d–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 20 Μm (b, e), 6 Μm (c, f, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic material; d) Stamen with apical and basal part of anther preserved showing two pairs of pollen sacs (asterisks) on the curved, perhaps ventral, surface close to the stamen margin; e) Detail of crack in the anther showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size; f) Pollen exposed in the crack in the anther; note coarsely foveolate to coarsely reticulate pollen wall and densely spaced orbicules; g) Folded pollen grains with reticulate pollen wall and also showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172560 (a–c), Catefica 50- S170384 (d–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 20 Μm (b, e), 6 Μm (c, f, g).
Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1485) through fruit in the region of the hypanthium rim showing sections through the two seeds close to the chalazal region; note endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by larger cells of exotesta (oi-o) and fruit wall (fr). Specimen, Catefica 49-S174249 (holotype, a–f). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–c, e, f), 100 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1485) through fruit in the region of the hypanthium rim showing sections through the two seeds close to the chalazal region; note endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by larger cells of exotesta (oi-o) and fruit wall (fr). Specimen, Catefica 49-S174249 (holotype, a–f). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–c, e, f), 100 Μm (d).
Text-fig. 2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, c–f) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, b, g) images of the flower of Mugideiriflora portugallica (a, b) and fruits, seeds and pollen of Canrightia resinifera (c–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Oblique, apical view of flower showing multiparted organization with numerous laminar tepals, stamens that are rhomboidal and flattened in transverse section and carpels that are borne on the short conical apex of the receptacle; b) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0800) through basal part of flower showing the elongate bases of the laminar tepals and the flattened rhomboidal bases of the stamens; c) Fruit in lateral view showing irregular surface resulting from the abundant resin bodies in the fruit and hypanthium wall, scars from stamens on the rim of the hypanthium (arrowheads) and the lobed apical stigmatic region (st); d) Broken fruit with one or two seeds missing but showing three pendant, orthotropous seeds with pointed micropylar regions (mi) and a finely pitted crystalliferous endotesta; note the remains of the apical vascular bundles (vb); e) Single seed isolated from a fruit showing two distinct bundles (vb) still attached apically to the chalazal region of the seed, the pointed micropyle (mi) and the finely pitted surface of the crystalliferous endotesta; f) Monocolpate pollen from stigmatic region of fruit showing the long colpus and coarse reticulum; g) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0705) through a fruit showing four seeds all with radially elongated endothelium cells formed from the inner epidermis of the tegmen (asterisks). Specimens, Catefica 150-S174254 (a, b), Catefica 49-S170377 (c), Catefica 49-S170372 (d), Catefica 50-S170401 (e), Catefica 50-S170404 (f), Catefica 50-S174906 (g). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–e, g), 6 Μm (f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, c–f) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, b, g) images of the flower of Mugideiriflora portugallica (a, b) and fruits, seeds and pollen of Canrightia resinifera (c–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Oblique, apical view of flower showing multiparted organization with numerous laminar tepals, stamens that are rhomboidal and flattened in transverse section and carpels that are borne on the short conical apex of the receptacle; b) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0800) through basal part of flower showing the elongate bases of the laminar tepals and the flattened rhomboidal bases of the stamens; c) Fruit in lateral view showing irregular surface resulting from the abundant resin bodies in the fruit and hypanthium wall, scars from stamens on the rim of the hypanthium (arrowheads) and the lobed apical stigmatic region (st); d) Broken fruit with one or two seeds missing but showing three pendant, orthotropous seeds with pointed micropylar regions (mi) and a finely pitted crystalliferous endotesta; note the remains of the apical vascular bundles (vb); e) Single seed isolated from a fruit showing two distinct bundles (vb) still attached apically to the chalazal region of the seed, the pointed micropyle (mi) and the finely pitted surface of the crystalliferous endotesta; f) Monocolpate pollen from stigmatic region of fruit showing the long colpus and coarse reticulum; g) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0705) through a fruit showing four seeds all with radially elongated endothelium cells formed from the inner epidermis of the tegmen (asterisks). Specimens, Catefica 150-S174254 (a, b), Catefica 49-S170377 (c), Catefica 49-S170372 (d), Catefica 50-S170401 (e), Catefica 50-S170404 (f), Catefica 50-S174906 (g). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–e, g), 6 Μm (f).
Text-fig. 1. The Catefica exposure along the road between Catefica and Mugideira photographed in 1989 when the mesofossil flora was discovered. The exposed strata are mainly cross-bedded light colored sands, darker horizons of clay and dark lenses with mesofossils. The most productive sample, Catefica sample 49, was collected in the basal part of the exposed sequence (arrow head). One of the authors (PRC) exploring the middle part of the section. Photo K. R. Pedersen. in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 1. The Catefica exposure along the road between Catefica and Mugideira photographed in 1989 when the mesofossil flora was discovered. The exposed strata are mainly cross-bedded light colored sands, darker horizons of clay and dark lenses with mesofossils. The most productive sample, Catefica sample 49, was collected in the basal part of the exposed sequence (arrow head). One of the authors (PRC) exploring the middle part of the section. Photo K. R. Pedersen.
Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h).
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Monocots and eudicots have more conservative flower water use strategies than basal angiosperms
<p>Water balance is crucial for the growth and flowering of plants. However, the mechanisms by which flowers maintain water balance are poorly understood across different angiosperm branches. Here, we investigated 30 floral hydraulic and economics traits in 24 species from ANA grade, magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots. We found that basal angiosperms had richer petal stomatal density, higher pedicel hydraulic diameter, and flower mass per area, but lower pedicel vessel wall reinforcement, and epidermal cell thickness, compared to monocots and eudicots. This indicates that basal angiosperms maintain water balance with high water supply and consumption, while monocots and eudicots maintain water balance more conservatively. We also observed significant trade-offs and coordination among different floral traits. Specifically, pedicel theoretical hydraulic conductivity was positively correlated with petal stomatal density, flower water potential at turgor loss point, and maximum vessel diameter, but was negatively correlated with flower construction cost, vessel density, and pedicel vessel wall reinforcement. Floral traits associated with reproduction, such as floral longevity and size, were strongly linked with its physiological and anatomical traits. Our results systematically reveal the variation in flower economics and hydraulic traits from different angiosperm branches, deepening the understanding of flower water use strategies among these plant taxa.</p>
Monocots and eudicots have more conservative flower water use strategies than basal angiosperms
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
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