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24 results for “basal metabolic rate”
Spatial variation in the evolutionary potential and constraints of basal metabolic rate and body mass in a wild bird
<p><span>Organismal energy budget is strongly related to resource consumption, performance, and fitness. Hence, understanding the evolution of key energetic traits, such as basal metabolic rate (BMR), in natural populations is central for understanding life-history evolution and ecological processes. Here we used quantitative genetic analyses to study evolutionary potential of BMR in two insular populations of the house sparrow <em>(Passer domesticus</em>). We obtained measurements of BMR and body mass (M<sub>b</sub>) from 911 house sparrows on the islands of Leka and Vega along the coast of Norway</span><span>.</span><span> These two populations were the source populations for translocations to create an additional third, admixed "common garden" population in 2012. With the use of a novel genetic group animal model concomitant with a genetically determined pedigree, we differentiate genetic and environmental sources of variation, thereby providing insight into the effects of spatial population structure on evolutionary potential. We found that the evolutionary potential of BMR was similar in the two source populations, whereas the Vega population had a somewhat higher evolutionary potential of M<sub>b</sub> than the Leka population. BMR was genetically correlated with M<sub>b</sub> in both populations, and the conditional evolutionary potential of BMR (independent of body mass) was 41% (Leka) and 53% (Vega) lower than unconditional estimates. Overall, our results show that there is potential for BMR to evolve independently of M<sub>b</sub>, but that selection on BMR and/or M<sub>b</sub> may have different evolutionary consequences in different populations of the same species.</span></p>
Spatial variation in the evolutionary potential and constraints of basal metabolic rate and body mass in a wild bird
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Data for: Evidence for a maintenance cost for birds maintaining highly flexible basal, but not summit, metabolic rates
<p>Reversible phenotypic flexibility allows organisms to better match phenotypes to prevailing environmental conditions and may produce fitness benefits. Costs and constraints of phenotypic flexibility may limit the capacity for flexible responses but are not well understood or documented. Costs could include expenses associated with maintaining the flexible system or with generating the flexible response. One potential cost of maintaining a flexible system is an energetic cost reflected in the basal metabolic rate (BMR), with elevated BMR in individuals with more flexible metabolic responses. We accessed data from thermal acclimation studies of birds where BMR and/or M<sub>sum</sub> (maximum cold-induced metabolic rate) were measured before and after acclimation, as a measure of metabolic flexibility, to test the hypothesis that flexibility in BMR (ΔBMR), M<sub>sum</sub> (ΔM<sub>sum</sub>), or metabolic scope (M<sub>sum</sub> – BMR; ΔScope) is positively correlated with BMR. When temperature treatments lasted at least three weeks, three of six species showed significant positive correlations between ΔBMR and BMR, one species showed a significant negative correlation, and two species showed no significant correlation. ΔM<sub>sum</sub> and BMR were not significantly correlated for any species and ΔScope and BMR were significantly positively correlated for only one species. These data suggest that support costs exist for maintaining high BMR flexibility for some bird species, but high flexibility in M<sub>sum</sub> or metabolic scope does not generally incur elevated maintenance costs. </p>
Study of Human Non-Shivering Thermogenesis and Basal Metabolic Rate
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01950520. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Data for: Evidence for a maintenance cost for birds maintaining highly flexible basal, but not summit, metabolic rates
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Data from: Survival is negatively related to basal metabolic rate in tropical Andean birds
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Data from: On the interplay among ambient temperature, basal metabolic rate and body mass
One of the most generalized conclusions arising from studies analyzing the ecological variation of energy metabolism in endotherms is the apparent negative correlation between ambient temperature and mass-independent basal metabolic rate (residual BMR). As a consequence, ambient temperature has been considered the most important external factor driving the evolution of residual BMR. It is not clear, however, if this relationship is size dependent, and artifacts such as the biased sampling of body masses in physiological data sets could cause us to overstate the ubiquity of the relationship. Accordingly, here we used published data on body mass (mb), BMR, and annual mean temperature (Tmean) for 458 mammal species (and/or subspecies) to examine the size-dependence of the relationship between temperature and BMR. We found a significant interaction between mb and Tmean, such that the effect of Tmean on residual BMR decreases as a function of mb. In line with this, the amount of residual variance in BMR explained by Tmean decreased with mb, from 20 - 30% at body sizes < 100 g to almost zero at body size > 1,000 g. These data suggest that our current understanding of the importance of broad-scale variation in ambient temperature as a driver of metabolic evolution in endotherms probably is affected by the large number of small species in both nature and physiological datasets.
Data from: Do the high energy lifestyles of shorebirds result in high maximal metabolic rates? - Basal and maximal metabolic rates in least and pectoral sandpipers during migration
Shorebirds have high resting and field metabolic rates relative to many other bird groups, and this is posited to be related to their high-energy lifestyle. Maximum metabolic outputs for cold or exercise are also often high for bird groups with energetically demanding lifestyles. Moreover, shorebirds demonstrate flexible basal and maximal metabolic rates, which vary with changing energy demands throughout the annual cycle. Consequently, shorebirds might be expected to have high maximum metabolic rates, especially during migration periods. We captured least (Calidris minutilla) and pectoral (C. melanotos) sandpipers during spring and fall migration in southeastern South Dakota and measured maximal exercise metabolic rate (MMR; least sandpipers only), summit metabolic rate (Msum, maximal cold-induced metabolic rate) and basal metabolic rate (BMR, minimum maintenance metabolic rate) with open-circuit respirometry. BMR for both least and pectoral sandpipers exceeded allometric predictions by 3-14%, similar to other shorebirds, but Msum and MMR for both species were either similar to or lower than allometric predictions, suggesting that the elevated BMR in shorebirds does not extend to maximal metabolic capacities. Old World shorebirds show the highest BMR during the annual cycle on the Arctic breeding grounds. Similarly, least sandpiper BMR during migration was lower than on the Arctic breeding grounds, but this was not the case for pectoral sandpipers, so our data only partially support the idea of similar seasonal patterns of BMR variation in New World and Old World shorebirds. We found no correlations of BMR with either Msum or MMR for either raw or mass-independent data, suggesting that basal and maximum aerobic metabolic rates are modulated independently in these species.
Physical Activity and Basal Metabolic Rate in Postmenopausal Women
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01550536. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: On the interplay among ambient temperature, basal metabolic rate and body mass
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Data from: Evolution of basal metabolic rate in bank voles from a multidirectional selection experiment
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Data from: Mosaic metabolic ageing: Basal and standard metabolic rate age in opposite directions and independent of environmental quality, sex and lifespan in a passerine
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Data from: Do the high energy lifestyles of shorebirds result in high maximal metabolic rates? - Basal and maximal metabolic rates in least and pectoral sandpipers during migration
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Data from: Thermal conductance and basal metabolic rate are part of a coordinated system for heat transfer regulation
Thermal conductance measures the ease with which heat leaves or enters an organism's body. Although the analysis of this physiological variable in relation to climatic and ecological factors can be traced to studies by Scholander and colleagues, only small advances have occurred ever since. Here, we analyse the relationship between minimal thermal conductance estimated during summer (Cmin) and several ecological, climatic and geographical factors for 127 rodent species, in order to identify the exogenous factors that have potentially affected the evolution of thermal conductance. In addition, we evaluate whether there is compensation between Cmin and basal metabolic rate (BMR)—in such a way that a scale-invariant ratio between both variables is equal to one—as could be expected from the Scholander–Irving model of heat transfer. Our major findings are (i) annual mean temperature is the best single predictor of mass-independent Cmin. (ii) After controlling for the effect of body mass, there is a strong positive correlation between log10 (Cmin) and log10 (BMR). Further, the slope of this correlation is close to one, indicating an almost perfect compensation between both physiological variables. (iii) Structural equation modelling indicated that Cmin values are adjusted to BMR values and not the other way around. Thus, our results strongly suggest that BMR and thermal conductance integrate a coordinated system for heat regulation in endothermic animals and that summer conductance values are adjusted (in an evolutionary sense) to track changes in BMRs.
Larger guts and faster growth in mice selected for high basal metabolic rate
<div class="WordSection1"> <p><span>Postnatal growth in birds and mammals is the time of highest vulnerability and relatively high energy demands and therefore shapes the organisms future outcomes. Several different factors might impose limitations on growth in juveniles, one of them being the efficiency of the digestive process and size of the gastrointestinal tract. We tested the gut size-growth rate relationship using a unique experimental model - mice from a selection experiment designed to produce two lines with divergent levels of basal metabolic rate (BMR): the high BMR (H-BMR) and low BMR line type (L-BMR). These lines differ not only with respect to BMR, but also correlated traits—internal organ size and food intake. Applying a cross-fostering design and a thermoregulatory burden imposed by shaving the mothers, demonstrated that the mass of intestine strongly affected the growth rate, with the H-BMR pups having larger intestines and growing fastest, and reduced growth rate of pups of both lines nursed by shaved L-BMR mothers. Our study also provides a functional link between high growth rate of neonates and high BMR of adults, partly reflecting metabolic costs of maintenance of their guts.</span></p> </div>
Comparing the Effects of Two Beta Blockers,Metoprolol and Nebivolol,on Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Basal Metabolic Rate
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00849810. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: A strong response to selection on mass-independent maximal metabolic rate without a correlated response in basal metabolic rate
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Data from: How does evolutionary variation in basal metabolic rates arise? A statistical assessment and a mechanistic model
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Larger guts and faster growth in mice selected for high basal metabolic rate
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Data from: Basal metabolic rate can evolve independently of morphological and behavioural traits
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