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153 results for “bee pollination”
Survey of Wild Bee Pollinators on Nyssa Sylvatica at Harvard Forest since 2021
Black gum (Nyssa sylvatica) is amongst the latest blooming canopy species to produce vast numbers of flowers and abundant nectar and pollen within forests of the Northeastern United States, a position previously held by the American Chestnut (Castanea dentata). Prior research indicates N. sylvatica is insect pollinated and wild bees have been observed visiting flowers; we are unaware, however, of any detailed surveys and/or characterization of the Nyssa-associated wild bee community in the Northeastern United States. Wild bee species frequent the canopy from early to late spring, presumably to forage, prior to being found in blooming crops such as apple and strawberry later in the season. The late bloom time of N. sylvatica (in early June) may extend floral resource availability in the temperate forest canopy and support forest-associated wild bee communities prior to the bloom of summer-flowering plant species.
Relaxation of purifying selection suggests low effective population size in eusocial Hymenoptera and solitary pollinating bees
<p>Data and results of the paper "Relaxation of purifying selection suggests low effective population size in eusocial Hymenoptera and solitary pollinating bees".</p> <p>- data_table_species.csv: contains life-history and geographical range descriptors, terminal branch length and genomic estimated values for each substitution category, for each species in the dataset. Contains results obtained with both the complete data set and the subsampled dataset with 88 species.</p> <p>- data_table_genes.csv: contains values of substitution count that are sums of the values obtained for every species in the alignment. Also contains the results of HyPhy RELAX analyses for each alignment.</p> <p>- data_table_genes_species.csv: contains estimated values for each substitution category for each species in each alignment. Contains results obtained with both the complete data set and the subsampled dataset with 88 species.</p> <p> </p>
Maintaining habitat diversity at small scales benefits wild bees and pollination services in mountain apple orchards
<p>In 2021, we conducted our study in apple orchards in South Tyrol, an Alpine region in Italy, using pan-traps, direct observations of visitation frequency, and a pollinator exclusion experiment. We investigated the scale-dependent effects of landscape heterogeneity and other parameters on wild bee assemblages and the related pollination service they provide at five spatial scales (radius 100 – 2,000 m).</p>
Fig. 3 in Pollination of Turnera subulata: exotic or native bees?
Fig. 3. Frequency of floral visitors during visits to Turnera subulata Sm. in October, November and December, 2018 and June, 2019 and average number of seeds at each hour interval in November and December 2018 and June 2019 within the UEFS campus, Feira de Santana, BA.
Fig. 1 in Pollination of Turnera subulata: exotic or native bees?
Fig. 1. Opening and senescence time of the flowers of Turnera subulata Sm. in October, 2018, May and June, 2019 in the UEFS campus, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
Rare and declining bee species are key to consistent pollination of wildflowers and crops across large spatial scales
<p>Biodiversity promotes ecosystem function in experiments, but it remains uncertain how biodiversity loss affects function in larger-scale natural ecosystems, where rare and declining species which are likely to be lost and function needs to be maintained across space and time. Here we explore the importance of rare and declining bee species to the pollination of three wildflowers and three crops using large-scale (72 sites across 5,000 km2), multi-year datasets. Half (82/164) bee species were rare or declining, but these species provided ~15% of overall pollination. To determine the number of species important to ecosystem function, we used two methods of 'scaling up', both of which have previously been used for biodiversity-function analysis. First, we summed bee species' contributions to pollination across space and time and then found the minimum set of species needed to provide a threshold level of function across all sites; according to this method, effectively no rare and declining bee species were important to pollination. Second, we account for the "insurance value" of biodiversity by finding the minimum set of bee species needed to simultaneously provide a threshold level of function at each site in each year. The second method leads to the conclusion that 25 rare and eight declining bee species (36% and 53% of all rare and declining bee species, respectively) are important. Our findings provide some of the strongest evidence yet for the importance of rare and declining species, thereby providing a more direct link between real-world biodiversity loss and ecosystem function.</p>
Neutral processes related to regional bee commonness and dispersal distances are important predictors of plant-pollinator networks along gradients of climate and landscape conditions
<p>Understanding how niche-based and neutral processes contribute to the spatial variation in plant-pollinator interactions is central to designing effective pollination conservation schemes. Such schemes are needed to reverse declines of wild bees and other pollinating insects and to promote pollination services to wild and cultivated plants. We used data on wild bee interactions with plants belonging to the four tribes Loteae, Trifolieae, Anthemideae, and either spring- or summer-flowering Cichorieae, sampled systematically along a 682km latitudinal gradient to build models that allowed us to (a) predict occurrences of pairwise bee-flower interactions across 115 sampling locations, and (b) estimate the contribution of variables hypothesized to be related to niche-based assembly structuring processes (viz. annual mean temperature, landscape diversity, bee sociality, bee phenology, and flower preferences of bees) and neutral processes (viz. regional commonness and dispersal distance to conspecifics). While neutral processes were important predictors of plant-pollinator distributions, niche-based processes were reflected in the contrasting distributions of solitary bee and bumble bees along the temperature gradient, and in the influence of bee flower preferences on the distribution of bee species across plant types. In particular, bee flower preferences separated bees into three main groups, albeit with some overlap: visitors to spring-flowering Cichorieae; visitors to Anthemideae and summer-flowering Cichorieae; and visitors to Trifolieae and Loteae. Our findings suggest that both neutral and niche-based processes are significant contributors to the spatial distribution of plant-pollinator interactions so that conservation actions in our region should be directed towards areas: near high concentrations of known occurrences of regionally rare bees; in mild climatic conditions; and that are surrounded by heterogeneous landscapes. Given the observed niche-based differences, the proportion of functionally distinct plants in flower-mixes could be chosen to target bee species, or guilds, of conservation concern.</p>
Fig. 2 in Pollination of Turnera subulata: exotic or native bees?
Fig. 2. Climatic factors (temperature, light intensity and relative humidity) along the floral longevity, covering the opening and senescence of the flowers of Turnera subulata Sm. in October, 2018, May and June, 2019 within the UEFS campus, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
Data from: Climatic conditions and landscape diversity predict plant-bee interactions and pollen deposition in bee-pollinated plants.
<p>Climate change, landscape homogenization and the decline of beneficial insects threaten pollination services to wild plants and crops. Understanding how pollination potential (i.e. the capacity of ecosystems to support pollination of plants) is affected by climate change and landscape homogenization is fundamental for our ability to predict how such anthropogenic stressors affect plant biodiversity. Models of pollinator potential are improved when based on pairwise plant-pollinator interactions and pollinator´s plant preferences. However, whether the sum of predicted pairwise interactions with a plant within a habitat (a proxy for pollination potential) relates to pollen deposition on flowering plants has not yet been investigated. We sampled plant-bee interactions in 68 Scandinavian plant communities in landscapes of varying land-cover heterogeneity along a latitudinal temperature gradient of 4–8 C°, and estimated pollen deposition as the number of pollen grains on flowers of the bee-pollinated plants <em>Lotus corniculatus</em>, and <em>Vicia cracca</em>. We show that plant-bee interactions, and the pollination potential for these bee-pollinated plants increase with landscape diversity, annual mean temperature, plant abundance, and decrease with distances to sand-dominated soils. Furthermore, the pollen deposition in flowers increased with the predicted pollination potential, which was driven by landscape diversity and plant abundance. Our study illustrates that the pollination potential, and thus pollen deposition, for wild plants can be mapped based on spatial models of plant-bee interactions that incorporate pollinator-specific plant preferences. Maps of pollination potential can be used to guide conservation and restoration planning.</p>
Figure 4 in Megachile sculpturalis, the giant resin bee, overcomes the blossom structure of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) that impedes pollination
Figure 4. Worker of Apis mellifera L. on sunn hemp blossom. Proboscis is inserted into the end of the keel to extract pollen.
Figure 3 in Megachile sculpturalis, the giant resin bee, overcomes the blossom structure of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) that impedes pollination
Figure 3. Female of Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith on sunn hemp blossom. Keel is held down between the bee's hind legs and directed toward sternal scopal hairs holding pollen. Keels of nearby blossom are more horizontal.
Figure 2 in Megachile sculpturalis, the giant resin bee, overcomes the blossom structure of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) that impedes pollination
Figure 2. Female of Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith on sunn hemp blossom. The bee holds onto the vexillum with her mandibles. Proboscis is not extended into the tongue guide of the vexillum. The style is touching the sternal scopae.
Figure 5 in Megachile sculpturalis, the giant resin bee, overcomes the blossom structure of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) that impedes pollination
Figure 5. Worker of Apis mellifera L. on sunn hemp blossom. In wilted blossoms, pollen in the keel is more accessible to the bee, and pollen is seen adhering to the proboscis.
Fig. 2. The 2019 in Wild bee pollinators foraging in peanut and cotton adjacent to native wildflower strips
Fig. 2. The 2019 mean (± SE) of bees per bee bowl captured in cotton and those with cotton pollen and unidentified pollen (= other) (a), and the mean (± SE) of bees per bee bowl captured in cotton with G. pulchella (IB), Monarda citriodora (mint), and Rudbeckia hirta (susan) (b).
Fig. 1. The 2018 in Wild bee pollinators foraging in peanut and cotton adjacent to native wildflower strips
Fig. 1. The 2018 mean (± SE) of bees per bee bowl captured in peanut and those with peanut pollen (a), and the mean (± SE) of bees per bee bowl captured in peanut with Gaillardia pulchella (IB), and both G. pulchella and peanut pollen (b).
Fig. 1 in The efficiency of bees in pollinating ephemeral flowers of Jacquemontia bracteosa (Convolvulaceae)
Fig. 1. Total number of flowers open in Jacquemontia bracteosa Meisn. (Convolvulaceae), daily and monthly, and rainfall (mm), relative humidity (%), and temperature (°C) in the campus of Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil between November 2011 and October 2012. Source: Weather Station of UEFS.
Linked collectors and determiners for: The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/543c4afc-4ffb-4e11-a858-a6d1d9745214">https://bionomia.net/dataset/543c4afc-4ffb-4e11-a858-a6d1d9745214</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/543c4afc-4ffb-4e11-a858-a6d1d9745214">https://gbif.org/dataset/543c4afc-4ffb-4e11-a858-a6d1d9745214</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: A few essential genetic loci distinguish Penstemon species with flowers adapted to pollination by bees or hummingbirds
<p>In the formation of species, adaptation by natural selection generates distinct combinations of traits that function well together. The maintenance of adaptive trait combinations in the face of gene flow depends on the strength and nature of selection acting on the underlying genetic loci. Floral pollination syndromes exemplify the evolution of trait combinations adaptive for particular pollinators. The North American wildflower genus <em>Penstemon</em> displays remarkable floral syndrome convergence, with at least 20 separate lineages that have evolved from ancestral bee pollination syndrome (wide blue-purple flowers that present a landing platform for bees and small amounts of nectar) to hummingbird pollination syndrome (bright red narrowly tubular flowers offering copious nectar). Related taxa that differ in floral syndrome offer an attractive opportunity to examine the genomic basis of complex trait divergence. In this study, we characterized genomic divergence among 229 individuals from a <em>Penstemon </em>species complex that includes both bee and hummingbird floral syndromes. Field plants are easily classified into species based on phenotypic differences and hybrids displaying intermediate floral syndromes are rare. Despite unambiguous phenotypic differences, genomewide differentiation between species is minimal. Hummingbird-adapted populations are more genetically similar to nearby bee-adapted populations than to geographically distant hummingbird-adapted populations, in terms of genomewide <em>d<sub>XY</sub>.</em> However, a small number of genetic loci are strongly differentiated between species. These ~ 20 "species-diagnostic loci", which appear to have nearly fixed differences between pollination syndromes, are sprinkled throughout the genome in high recombination regions. Several map closely to previously established floral trait QTLs. The striking difference between the diagnostic loci and the genome as whole suggests strong selection to maintain distinct combinations of traits, but with sufficient gene flow to homogenize the genomic background. A surprisingly small number of alleles confer phenotypic differences that form the basis of species identity in this species complex.</p>
Data from: Isolating the effects of floral temperature on visitation and behavior of wild bee and fly pollinators
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Data from Pollinator effectiveness and importance between female and male mining bee (Andrena)
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