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36 results for “begging”
Are offspring begging levels exaggerated beyond the parental optimum? Evidence from a bidirectional selection experiment
Parental care involves elaborate behavioural interactions between parents and their offspring, with offspring stimulating their parents via begging to provision resources. Thus, begging has direct fitness benefits as it enhances offspring growth and survival. It is nevertheless subject to a complex evolutionary trajectory, because begging may serve as a means for the offspring to manipulate parents in the context of evolutionary conflicts of interest. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that begging is coadapted and potentially genetically correlated with parental care traits as a result of social selection. Further experiments on the causal processes that shape the evolution of begging are therefore essential. We applied bidirectional artificial selection on begging behaviour, using canaries (Serinus canaria) as a model species. We measured the response to selection, the consequences for offspring development, changes in parental care traits, here the rate of parental provisioning, as well as the effects on reproductive success. After three generations of selection, offspring differed in begging behaviour according to our artificial selection regime: nestlings of the high begging line begged significantly more than nestlings of the low begging line. Intriguingly, begging less benefitted the nestlings, as reflected by on average significantly higher growth rates, and increased reproductive success in terms of a higher number of fledglings in the low selected line. Begging could thus represent an exaggerated trait, possibly because parent-offspring conflict enhanced the selection on begging. We did not find evidence that we co-selected on parental provisioning, which may be due to the lack of power, but may also suggest that the evolution of begging is probably not constrained by a genetic correlation between parental provisioning and offspring begging.
Data and R script for 'Early-life begging effort reduces adult body mass but strengthens behavioural defence of the rate of energy intake in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)'
<p>Data files and R script for Dunn et al. "Early-life begging effort reduces adult body mass but strengthens behavioural defence of the rate of energy intake in European starlings (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>)"</p> <p>Includes a single R script that produces all the analyses in the paper. The script makes use of three different .csv data files.</p>
Text-fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of seeds assigned to the BEG group (a–d) and associated pollen grains (e–i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Seed of Tomcatia taylorii showing the four horns formed by extensions of the envelope and the central projection of the envelope that surrounds to the micropylar tube; b, c) Seeds of Quadrispermum parvum in lateral (b) and apical (c) views showing the transverse ribs and the central projection of the envelope that surrounds the micropylar tube; d–f) Seeds of Ephedrispermum lusitanicum showing the four-angled seed envelope (d), the micropylar tube surrounded by the tissues of the integument (e), and ephedroid pollen grains on the seed surface (f); g) Apex of seed of Quadrispermum parvum showing simple in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of seeds assigned to the BEG group (a–d) and associated pollen grains (e–i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Seed of Tomcatia taylorii showing the four horns formed by extensions of the envelope and the central projection of the envelope that surrounds to the micropylar tube; b, c) Seeds of Quadrispermum parvum in lateral (b) and apical (c) views showing the transverse ribs and the central projection of the envelope that surrounds the micropylar tube; d–f) Seeds of Ephedrispermum lusitanicum showing the four-angled seed envelope (d), the micropylar tube surrounded by the tissues of the integument (e), and ephedroid pollen grains on the seed surface (f); g) Apex of seed of Quadrispermum parvum showing simple
Fig. 4. Probable relationship between the MSB and begging. A in Motor Stereotypic Behaviors In Zoo Rhesus Monkeys: A Case Study Of The Central Zoo, Kathmandu, Nepal
Fig. 4. Probable relationship between the MSB and begging. A — by controlling for sex of the captive monkeys; and, B — by controlling for the different probability of the visitor-monkey interaction (Min. — minutes).
Escalated begging does not compromise nestling health
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Are offspring begging levels exaggerated beyond the parental optimum? Evidence from a bidirectional selection experiment
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Data from: Novel sources of (co)variation in nestling begging behavior and hunger at different biological levels of analysis
<p>Biological hypotheses predicting patterns of offspring begging typically concern the covariance with hunger and/or development at specific hierarchical levels. For example, hunger drives within-individual patterns of begging, but begging also drives food intake among individuals within broods, and begging and food intake can covary positively or negatively among genotypes or broods. Testing biological phenomena that occur at multiple levels therefore requires the partitioning of covariance between traits of interest to ensure that each level-specific relationship is appropriately assessed. We performed a partial cross-fostering study on a wild population of great tits (Parus major), then used multivariate mixed-models to partition variation and covariation in nestling begging effort and two metrics of nestling hunger within versus among individual nestlings and broods. At the within-individual level, we found that nestlings begged more intensely when hungrier (positive correlation between begging and hunger). However, among individuals, nestlings that were fed more frequently also begged more intensely on average (negative correlation between begging and hunger). Variation in nestling mass did not give rise to the negative correlation between begging and hunger among nestlings, but we did find that lighter nestlings begged more intensely than their heavier biological siblings, suggesting that this effect may be driven by a genetic component linked to offspring size. Our study illustrates how patterns of covariance can differ across biological levels of analysis and addresses biological mechanisms that could produce these previously obscured patterns.</p>
"Beg Ar Groaz"
 Located on the shore of [Plounéour-Trez](https://goo.gl/maps/j3MMCNg8Lzo), this cross from the XIXth century faces the Bay of Goulven - an ideal location for water sports or on-foot shell fishing depending on the tide - and is a reminder of the past strong religious culture of Brittany (a region of France). In Breton, "Beg" means headland, and "Groaz" translates to cross. * 542 pictures (Pocophone F1). * Colmap, OpenMVS, Blender and BakeMyScan. * [Background sound](https://freesound.org/people/suukadi/sounds/410323/) from Mjeno on [FreeSound.org](https://freesound.org) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Ulugh Beg Observatory Sextant, Samarkand
The Ulugh Beg Observatory is an observatory in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Built in the 1420s by the Timurid astronomer Ulugh Beg. Islamic astronomers who worked at the observatory include Al-Kashi, Ali Qushji, and Ulugh Beg himself. The observatory was destroyed in 1449 and rediscovered in 1908. It was built somewhere around 824–1422. Different sources mention different dates; however, many sources mention around 830 to be the date of the observatory's foundation and 1422–1428 to be the period during which the construction of the observatory was completed. It contained the largest sextant in the world at that time. Samarqand, is a city in southeastern Uzbekistan and among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia. Prospering from its location on the Silk Road between China and Europe, at times Samarkand was one of the largest cities of Central Asia. The city was conquered by Alexander the Great in 329 BCE 3D model in Reality Capture using 41 FARO Focus3D and Z&F scan positions and 453 images. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Nestling begging calls resemble maternal vocal signatures when mothers call slowly to embryos
<p><span>Vocal production learning (the capacity to learn to produce vocalizations) is a multi-dimensional trait that involves different learning mechanisms during different temporal and socio-ecological contexts. A key outstanding question is whether vocal production learning begins during the embryonic stage and whether mothers play an active role in this through pupil-directed vocalization behaviors. We examined variation in vocal copy similarity (an indicator of learning) in eight species from the songbird family Maluridae, using comparative and experimental approaches. We found that: (1) incubating females from all species vocalized inside the nest and produced call types including a signature 'B element' that was structurally similar to their nestlings' begging call; (2) in a prenatal playback experiment using superb fairywrens (<em>Malurus</em> <em>cyaneus</em>), embryos showed a stronger heart rate response to playbacks of the B element than to another call element (A); and (3) </span><span>mothers that produced slower calls had offspring with greater similarity between their begging call and the mother's </span><span>B element vocalization</span><span>. We conclude that malurid mothers display behaviors concordant with pupil-directed vocalizations and may actively influence their offspring's early-life through sound learning shaped by maternal call tempo. </span></p>
Benralizumab for Eosinophilic Gastritis (BEGS)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03473977. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Novel sources of (co)variation in nestling begging behavior and hunger at different biological levels of analysis
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Immune challenge reduces begging behavior and modifies begging call structure in spotless starling nestlings
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Nestling begging calls resemble maternal vocal signatures when mothers call slowly to embryos
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Behavioural context of call production in humpback whale calves: Identification of potential begging calls in a Mysticete species
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Data from: Tadpole begging reveals high quality
Parents can benefit from allocating limited resources non-randomly among offspring, and offspring solicitation (i.e., begging) is often hypothesized to evolve because it contains information valuable to choosy parents. We tested the diagnostic predictions of three 'honest begging' hypotheses –Signal of Need, Signal of Quality, and Signal of Hunger – in the tadpoles of a terrestrial frog (Oophaga pumilio). In this frog, mothers provision tadpoles with trophic eggs, and when mothers visit, tadpoles perform a putative begging signal by stiffening their bodies and vibrating rapidly. We assessed the information content of intense tadpole begging with an experimental manipulation of tadpole condition (need/quality) and food-deprivation (hunger). This experiment revealed patterns consistent with the Signal of Quality hypothesis and directly counter to predictions of Signal of Need and Signal of Hunger. Begging effort and performance were higher in more developed and higher condition tadpoles and declined with food-deprivation. Free-living mothers were unlikely to feed tadpoles of a non-begging species experimentally cross-fostered with their own, and allocated larger meals to more developed tadpoles and those that vibrated at higher speed. Mother O. pumilio favour their high quality young, and because their concurrent offspring are reared in separate nurseries, must do so by making active allocation decisions. Our results suggest that these maternal choices are based at least in part on offspring signals, indicating that offspring solicitation can evolve to signal high quality.
Data from: Condition-dependent begging elicits increased parental investment in a wild bird population
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Data from: Decoding colouration of begging traits by the experimental addition of the appetite enhancer cyproheptadine hydrochloride in magpie (Pica pica) nestlings
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Data from: Begging blue tit nestlings discriminate between the odour of familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics
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Data from: Tadpole begging reveals high quality
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